Image segmentation is a key step of image processing,and it is a hard work too. The experts of this field have tried to find a suitable algorithm for image segmentation for a long term,however,there is not a algorithm is generally accepted till now. J. Holland created genetic algorithm(abbreviation :GA) in 1973. This algorithm has been used in many fields successfully ,and has been introduced to image segmentation field by exports. The principles of image segmentation and algorithm are stated in this article. The author mainly expounded the application of GA in medical image segmentation field in recently years.

Objective To explore a new bio-dynamic differential equation to establish gene regulatory network based on the time-space of gene expression.Methods According to bio-dynamic competitive model and differential equation,a new time-space Lotka-Volterra differential equation was established and was applied to time-order expression data.Results The model was applied to set up the regulation network of yeast genes.The regulatory relation was found and compared with the experiment results.Conclusion The results from the new model were almost consistent with the real situation.So this model can remedy the shortage of other models.It's a new valuable differential equation model.

Objective To explore the relationship between osteopontin (OPN),its downstream product thrombin-cleaved osteopontin (NTOPN) and radiographic changes in osteoarthritis (OA).Methods The levels of OPN and NTOPN in serum and synovial fluid were tested by enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA) kit in 22 OA patients and 21 health controls.The correlation between the above parameters and clinical data such as radiology changes of OA patients was analyzed.Results The serum level of OPN in the OA group was positively correlated with C reactive protein (CRP) (r =0.574,P =0.005).The serum level of OPN in the OA group was slightly lower than that in the healthy control group [(1.8 ± 0.5) μg/L vs (1.7 ± 1.1) μg/L,P ＞ 0.05].Similarly,the serum level of NTOPN in the OA group was significantly higher than that in control group [(21.1 ± 11.7) μg/L vs (14.7 ± 3.6) μg/L,P ＜ 0.05].Meanwhile,serum NTOPN level in female patients was significantly higher than that in male patients [(23.2 ± 11.80) μg/L vs (11.1 ± 4.9) μg/L,P ＜ 0.05].In synovial fluid of OA group,the level of OPN was (7.75 ± 2.33) μg/L,NTOPN was (0.91 ± 0.49) μg/L and the ratio of NTOPN/OPN was 0.12 ± 0.08.The level of OPN of synovial fluid in the OA group was positively correlated with CRP (r =0.574,P =0.005).NTOPN-to-OPN ratio of synovial fluid in the OA group was positively correlated with Kellgren-Lawrence grade (r =0.535,P =0.022).Conclusions The serum level of OPN is correlated with severity of inflammation in the OA patients.Meanwhile,NTOPN-to-OPN ratio of synovial fluid is correlated with OA severity.As a downstream bioactive product of OPN,NTOPN may play an important role in OA pathogenesis.Whether these parameters can be used as predictors of joint lesion severity and inflammatory status is worth further study.

Animals ; Cochlea ; metabolism ; Environmental Exposure ; adverse effects ; Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced ; metabolism ; Humans ; Noise ; adverse effects ; Oxidative Stress ; physiology ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism

Objective To determine the changes of coagulation indexes of rabbits struck at different levels and sieve the traditional coagulation indexes, such as activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), thrombin time (TT) and fibrinogen (FIB). Methods We used correlation analysis to precondition the data to reject indexes, and used stepwise discriminatory analysis to choose indexes and made the diagnosis by multiple linear discrimination analysis. Then, by random sampling we compared the correct diagnostic rate by 4 indexes with that by 3 indexes. Results The correct discrimination rate of blood coagulation function diagnosis in rabbits was up to 87.60% by the four indexes and 96.12% with the three indexes (APTT, PT and TT). The average correct discrimination rate of blood coagulation function diagnosis in 1 000-time random sampling was up to 83.07% by the four indexes and 85.16% by the three indexes. Conclusion Stepwise discriminatory analysis can be used to discriminate hemorrhage from thromboxane. The correct diagnostic rate gets higher when FIB was rejected.

Objective To investigate the effects of total nutrient admixture (TNA) on the recovery of patients with gastric cancer after radical gastrectomy.Methods The clinical data of 50 patients with gastric cancer who were admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College between March 2013 and March 2014 were retrospectively analyzed.Among 50 patients receiving radical gastrectomy,26 patients receiving TNA were allocated to the experimental group and 24 patients receiving conventional fluid infusion were allocated to the control group.Patients in the experimental group received the nutritional support therapy using TNA at preoperative day 5 and at postoperative days 1-5,and patients in the control group received the postoperative intravenous rehydration including water,glucose,electrolyte,vitamins and micro elements.The nutritional indexes [albumin (Alb),prealbumin,transferrin and hemoglobin (Hb)],time to anal exsufflation,incidence of complications (wound infection,anastomotic leakage,blooding and intestinal obstruction) and duration of hospital stay were observed before nutritional support therapy and at postoperative day 8.The count data were analyzed using the chi-square test.The chi-square value of correction for continuity was used when 1 ≤ minimum theoretical frequency ≤ 5.The measurement data with normal distribution were presented as (x) ±s and analyzed using the t test or repeated measures ANOVA.The ordinal data were analyzed by the analysis of variance.Results The Alb,prealbumin,transferrin and Hb in the experimental group were (38.6 ± 2.0) g/L,(281 ± 33) mg/L,(2.5 ± 0.9) g/L and (111 ± 20) g/L before nutritional support therapy and (38.2 ± 1.9) g/L,(277 ± 16) mg/L,(2.3 ± 1.1) g/L and (112 ± 37) g/L at postoperative day 8,respectivley.The Alb,prealbumin,transferrin and Hb in the control group were (38.3 ±2.4) g/L,(287 ± 34) mg/L,(2.4 ± 1.1) g/L and (107 ± 21) g/L before nutritional support therapy and (30.3 ±2.3) g/L,(190 ± 41) mg/L,(1.6 ± 0.3) g/L and (93 ± 22) g/L at postoperative day 8,respectivley.There were significant differences in the nutritional indexes at postoperative day 8 between the 2 groups (F =174.042,95.637,9.529,4.919,P ＜ 0.05).The time to anal exsufflation in the experimental group were (52 ± 11) hours,which was significantly different from (70 ± 12) hours in the control group (t =-5.176,P ＜ 0.05).The incidence of complications was 15.4％ (4/26) in the experimental group,which was significantly different from 58.3％ (14/24) in the control group (x2=6.460,P ＜0.05).Patients with complications in the 2 groups were cured by anti-infective or symptomatic treatment.The duration of hospital stay was (9 ± 3) days in the experimental group and (12 ± 4) days in the control group,with a significant difference between the 2 groups (t =-2.912,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion TNA can improve the nutritional status of patients after radical gastrectomy in a short time.It could help patients to get through the perioperative period smoothly,and enhance the postoperative recovery.

Objective:To compare the similarities and differences of doctor -patient trust building mechanism between doctors in urban and rural areas from the perspective of rural residents by the empirical study .Methods:Based on the field research and secondary in -depth interviews to the related personnel in H County of Beijing .Re-sults:There had obvious difference of doctor -patient trust building mechanism between doctors in urban and rural areas from the perspective of rural residents .Trust building mechanism between village doctors were mainly the trust of the similar social background , between the doctors in township health centers and city hospital were the trust based on reputation , institution-based trust , and relationship-based trust .Conclusion:The difference of re-gional and cultural between urban and rural areas ,the nature of medical institutions the relationship with doctors , reputation of medical institution and medical and health care system in urban and rural areas ,maybe the reasons that The difference of doctor -patient trust building mechanism between doctors in urban and rural areas .

Objective To observe the effect of iodine deficiency and hypothyroidism on the protein expressions of calcineurin in the hip-pocampus of pups. Methods Female Wistar rats (n=28) after pregenancy were randomly divided into control group,hypothyroid group and iodine deficient group. According to the dose of propylthiouracil (PTU) in the fed water, hypothyroid group was divided into 5 ppm group and 15 ppm group (7 rats in each group). Totally 5 pups from each group were sacrificed and perfused intracardially in postnatal day (PN) 7,PN14 and PN21. Brains were removed,fixed and sectioned coronally. All sections were observed and analysed for the protein exression of calcineurin by immunohistochemistry in the hippocampus CA1,CA3 and DG regions. Results In PN14 and PN21,protein levels of cal-cineurin in GA1 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus in iodine-deficient and 15 ppm treatment groups were significantly higher than those of the controls (P< 0.05) and in DG region,the contrary was true. In PN7,the positive products were scarely observated in each region and the protein expression was no significantly different in all four groups. Conclusion Iodine deficiency and hypothyroidism may increase the protein expression of calcineurin.

Objective To assess the clinical significance of three-dimensional speckle tracking imaging (3D-STI) in the evaluation of left ventricular myocardial function in breast cancer survivors with postoperative anthracycline-based chemotherapy.Methods A total of 51 breast cancer survivors with postoperative anthracycline-based chemotherapy were recruited and 31 female healthy volunteers as the controls.Conventional echocardiography and 3D-STI derived parameters [including global longitudinal strain (GLS) and global area strain (GAS)] were measured before and at 3 and 6 anthracycline-based chemotherapeutic cycles.The receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve was constructed to determine optimal sensitivity and specificity of 3ID-STI derived parameters for the prediction of future cardiotoxicity.Results In comparison with the controls and baseline cases,GLS and GAS deteriorated significantly (P ＜ 0.05 for both).No statistical difference in GCS and conventional parameters showed before and after the initiation of chemotherapy (P ＜0.05,respectively).The ROC curves showed that GAS as the best 3D-STI predictor of patients who develop cardiotoxicity during the follow-up.The area under ROC(AUC) of GAS was 0.894,and its optimal cut-off value was-28.4％,with a specificity of 88.0％ and a sensitivity of 82.9％.AUC of GLS was 0.802,and its optimal cut-off value was-14.3％,with a specificity of 62.0％ and a sensitivity of 85.4％.Conclusions Early decreases in GAS and GLS based on 3D-STI may allow the prediction of subsequent cardiotoxic development accurately in breast cancer survivors with postoperative anthracycline-based chemotherapy.

The paper introduces and summarizes the teaching purpose and content project,implementation and effect of the optional course in Excel and medical data analysis.