Bilateral frontal polymicrogyria is a recently recognized syndrome characterized by symmetric polymicrogyria of both frontal lobes that presents with delayed motor and language development, spastic quadriparesis, and variable mental retardation. However, the postmortem findings of this syndrome are not fully elaborated. Here we describe an autopsy case of bilateral frontal polymicrogyria in a male fetus delivered at 22 weeks gestation due to extensive chorioamnionitis. The microscopic findings included a thinned cortical plate with fair neuronal maturation. There were no signs of neuronal damage and the white matter was unremarkable.
Autopsy ; Chorioamnionitis ; European Continental Ancestry Group ; Female ; Fetus ; Frontal Lobe ; Humans ; Intellectual Disability ; Language Development ; Male ; Malformations of Cortical Development ; Muscle Spasticity ; Neuronal Migration Disorders ; Neurons ; Pregnancy ; Quadriplegia

The contents of coumarins in the sulfur fumigated Angelicae Dahuricae Radix (Baizhi, ADR) were reduced significantly. To achieve the quality control of ADR, the qualitative identification of sulfur fumigated ADR and quantitative model of imperatorin content should be established. The near-infrared (NIR) spectrograms of non-sulfur and sulfur fumigated ADR were collected by NIR diffuse reflectance spectroscopy technology and pretreated by the method of first derivative derivation and vector normalization. The Ward's Algorithm method was used for the cluster analysis. The non-sulfur and sulfur fumigated ADR can be quickly identified in the range of 8,806. 0-3 811.0 cm(-1) based on the cluster analysis. The NIR quantitative model of imperatorin was established by the contents of imperatorin determined by HPLC in combination with partial least squares regression analysis. According to the calibration model established in this study, correlation coefficients (R2), the root-mean-square error of cross-validation (RMSECV), and the root-mean-square error of prediction (RMSEP) for imperatorin were 0.982 8, 0.006 8, 0.011 8, respectively. The quantitative model of imperatorin can be applied to determine the content of imperatorin in ADR accurately.
Angelica ; chemistry ; classification ; China ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Quality Control ; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared ; methods ; Sulfur ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo assess the diagnostic efficacy of contrast-enhanced CT in diagnosing mandibular invasion of oral cancers.

METHODSPubMed, Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE), the European Grey Literature Database, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), and CQVIP were searched electronically on January 03, 2014. Hand-searching was also performed on 19 relevant Chinese journals. The methodological quality assessment, as suggested in Cochrane Handbook, and the data extraction of the studies included were performed by two reviewers in duplicate. Meta-analysis was conducted using the Meta Disc 1.4 software.

RESULTSFourteen studies that involved 642 participants were included. Among the seven prospective studies, one had a low bias risk and the rest had unclear bias risks. When mandibular invasion was diagnosed the Meta-analysis results showed that the pooled sensitivity (SEN) was 0.718 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.665-0.767], the pooled specificity (SPE) was 0.909 (95% CI, 0.872-0.938), the area under curve (AUC) was 0.906 1, and the Q* was 0.837 8. When mandibular medullary invasion was diagnosed, the SEN was 0.787 (0.643-0.893), the SPE was 0.904 (0.790-0.968), the AUC was 0.949 6, and the Q* was 0.890 0. The Meta-regression results showed that the smaller slide thickness had a higher diagnosis efficacy.

CONCLUSIONCT showed a high efficacy in diagnosing mandibular or medullary invasion caused by oral cancers. With a high SPE, contrast-enhanced CT can confirm the clinical diagnosis of bone invasion effectively. In addition, selecting a smaller slide thickness CT can increase diagnosis efficacy.

Humans ; Mandible ; Mouth Neoplasms ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Prospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

OBJECTIVETo explore the analgesic effect of Zhixin Formula (ZF) and its effects on spinal glial fibrillary acidic protein (glial fibillary acidic protein, GFAP, a marker of astrocyte) , CD11b (a maker of microglia), Toll like receptors (TLR2 and TLR4) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) in bone cancer pain model rats.

METHODSTotally 20 male SD rats were randomly divided into the blank control group and the bone cancer pain group, 10 in each group. The bone cancer pain model was induced by injecting ascites tumor fluid containing 3 x 10(3) Walker256 cell line from the left tibia. Ethological tests, X-ray test, and HE staining were performed to confirm a successful modeling. After model was successfully established, 70 male SD rats were randomly divided into seven groups, 10 in each group: the blank control group, the bone cancer pain group (as the model group), the Western medicine (WM) group (Tramadol Hydrochloride), the high dose ZF group, the middle dose ZF group, the low dose ZF group, and the Chinese medicine (CM) group (Wulin Zhitong Capsule). Fourteen days after modeling, rats in the high, middle, and low dose ZF groups were administrated by gastrogavage with 9, 4.5, and 2.25 g/kg ZF water condensed preparation respectively, once a day for seven consecutive days. On day 21 MS typical protein expressions including GFAP, CD11b, TLR (2,4) and NF-κB from cornu dorsal medullae spindis L4-L5 were detected by immunohistochemistry, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot.

RESULTSCompare with the blank control group, increased weight in the model group was slow and showed a decreasing trend (P < 0.01), spontaneous ambulatory pain score (SAPS) obviously increased (P < 0.01), paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) obviously decreased in the model group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Results of lateral tibial X-ray and HE staining showed obvious changes and damage occurred in bone structures of rats in the model group. Immunohistochemistry showed that GFAP expression significantly increased in the model group (P < 0.05). Protein levels of NF-κB also significantly increased in the model group (P < 0.05). Compared with the model group, CD11b expressions obviously decreased in the middle and high dose ZF groups (P < 0.01). Meanwhile, protein expressions of TLR2 and TLR4, as well as NF-κB also obviously decreased (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONZF had analgesic effect, which might be probably related to inhibiting proliferation and activation of gliocytes, as well as activation of TLRs and NF-κB.

Animals ; Astrocytes ; Bone Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein ; Male ; Microglia ; NF-kappa B ; metabolism ; Osteosarcoma ; Pain ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia (PASH) of the breast occurs in premenopausal women and is characterized by anastomosing channels lined by spindle cells. It has been suggested to be of hormonal origin. This unusual condition may also be mistaken for a vascular tumor. We analyzed eight cases of PASH of the breast in Samsung Cheil Hospital from 1992 through 1998. All patients were premenopausal and had painless breast lump. Clinical diagnoses were fibroadenomas. Grossly, the masses were well circumscribed, nonhemorrhagic and measure 2.2 to 5 cm. Histologically, they consisted of complex interanastomosing channels lined by slender spindle cells, which resembled low grade angiosarcoma. Cells that line the interanastomosing channels showed no immunoreactivity for Factor VIII and electron microscopic findings consistent with fibroblast. All patients were treated with surgical excision and none of them had recurrence for 1 to 69 months (mean: 19 months) postoperatively. Pathologic diagnosis of PASH may be difficult unless the pathologists are aware of the presence of a mass lesion and appreciate the characteristic stromal changes. PASH should be included in the differential diagnosis of a circumscribed mass, especially in the premenopausal women.
Breast* ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Factor VIII ; Female ; Fibroadenoma ; Fibroblasts ; Hemangiosarcoma ; Humans ; Hyperplasia* ; Recurrence

Recently developed new classifications (Holland, Van Nuys, modified Lagios) of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) linked to outcome have emphasized the importance of nuclear morphology rather than architecture. We have evaluated these three classifications in ductal carcinomas composed of in situ and invasive carcinomas. The reproducibility of three classifications was assessed (n=49), and the histological grade of the DCIS was compared with the histologic differentiation (modified Bloom & Richardson method) and nuclear grade (modified Black method) of the coexisting invasive ductal carcinoma (n=45). According to Holland classification, the DCIS component was poorly differentiated in 51.0%, intermediately differentiated in 40.8%, and well differentiated in 8.2%. Using the Van Nuys classification, the DCIS component was group 3 (high grade with or without necrosis) in 44.9%, group 2 (non-high grade with necrosis) in 28.6%, and group 1 (non-high grade without necrosis) in 26.5%. According to the modified Lagios classification, the DCIS component was high-grade in 42.8%, intermediate-grade in 32.7%, and low-grade in 24.5%. The histologic grades of the three classifications revealed significant correlations between Holland and Van Nuys classification (p<0.0001) and between Holland and modified Lagios classification (p<0.0001), especially in poorly differentiated/group 3/high-grade DCIS. The reproducibility of classification of the DCIS was 71.4% in the Holland, 61.2% in the Van Nuys, and 55.1% in the modified Lagios classifications. The grade of the DCIS showed significant correlation with the grade of coexisting invasive ductal carcinoma (p<0.0001), especially in poorly differentiated/group 3/high-grade DCIS. In conclusion, DCIS grade, determined by the Holland, Van Nuys or modified Lagios classifications, is closely correlated with the histologic grade of the invasive ductal component in tumors composed of in situ and invasive ductal carcinoma, and may be a useful factor to estimate clinical behavior of DCIS. In our experience the Holland classification is recommended for DCIS classification due to its high reproducibility.
Breast* ; Carcinoma, Ductal* ; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating* ; Classification* ; Netherlands

Background Arresting the overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) will be a new approach to the inhibition of neovascularization.RNA interference (RNAi) can inhibit the expression of specific gene,and its application in eye has little interference to other gene expression.Objective This study was to investigate the effect of small interference RNA (siRNA) targeting VEGF on the expression of VEGF and retinal neovascularization in oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) model.Methods psi-HITM/enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)/VEGF siRNA was designed and prepared in vitro.Mouse endothelioma (EOMA) were cultured in DMEM without antibiotic and divided into 5 groups.The cells were incubated in DMEM only in the blank control group;while 1 μl of LipofectamineTM 2000 + psi-HITM/EGFP,1 μl LipofectamineTM 2000 + 40,50 or 60 nmol/L of psi-HITM/EGFP/VEGF siRNA was added into DMEM in the negative control group and siRNA groups,respectively.The expression of VEGF mRNA and protein was detected by real time PCR (RT-PCR) and Western blot.The optimal effective concentration of VEGF siRNA was assessed.OIR models were established in 48 7-day-old C57BL/6J mice by raising them at an oxygen concentration of (75±2) ％ for 5 days and then to normal air.The mice were randomized into the model group,null vector group and VEGF siRNA group.1 μl of a mixture of psi-HITM/EGFP or VEGF siRNA (60 nmol/L) and LipofectamineTM 2000 was intravitreally injected,respectively,in the null vector group and VEGF siRNA group.The normal mice were used as the normal control group.Expression of VEGF mRNA and protein in the mouse retinas was detected by RT-PCR and Western blot,respectively,and FITC-dextran stretched retinal preparation was examined to evaluate the neovascularization,and retinal sections were examined to quantify the number of vascular endothelial cell nuclei extending beyond the internal limiting membrane (ILM).Results The in vitro transfection test showed that the expression of VEGF mRNA and protein in the EOMA cells was significantly different among the blank control group,negative control group and 40,50,60 nmol/L VEGF siRNA groups (F =148.890,P ＜ 0.001; F =306.960,P ＜ 0.001),and the expression of VEGF mRNA was lower in different concentrations of VEGF siRNA groups than that in the blank control group (t=73.950,119.890,156.480,all at P＜0.001).Also,the expression of VEGF protein was less in different concentrations of VEGF siRNA groups than that in the blank control group (t =15.452,23.344,42.119,all at P＜0.001).The optimal inhibitory concentration of VEGF siRNA was 60 nmol/L.In vivo study determined that compared to the model group and null vector group,the non-perfusion zones and neovascular net in the retina were decreased,and the number of vascular endothelial cell nuclei extending beyond the ILM was less in the VEGF siRNA group.The relative expression level of VEGF mRNA in the retinas was 1.23±0.18,4.02±0.16,3.98±0.19 and 1.98±0.12 in the normal control group,model group,null vector group and VEGF siRNA group,respectively,with a significant difference among them (F=369.780,P＜0.001),and the relative expression levels of VEGF mRNA in the model group and null vector group were higher than that in the normal control group (t=37.880,37.336,both P＜0.001),and the expression of VEGF mRNA in the VEGF siRNA group declined by 50.8％ (t=10.183,P＜0.001).The difference in the expression levels of VEGF protein also was assayed among the various groups (F=408.980,P＜0.001),and VEGF level in the retina was lowered by 68.0％ in the VEGF siRNA group compared to the model group (t =11.473,P＜0.001).However,VEGF level in the VEGF siRNA group remained at a high level in comparison with the normal control group (t =2.422,P＜0.001).Conclusions Intravitreal injection of VEGF siRNA can attenuate retinal neovascularization by effectively downregulate the expression VEGF mRNA and protein in the retina.

Objective To observe the clinical effect of neonatal respiratory failure therapy with mechanical ventilation. Methods Forty - eight cases of neonatal respiratory failure were applied endotracheal intubation through mouth. At first, ventilation was given via the intermittent positive - pressure ventilation + peak end - expiratory pressure( IPPV + PEEP) way. Later, the breath parameters were regulated and transited to the intermittent mandatory ventilation( IMV) way according to original illness. When frac - tional concentration of in-spired gas(FiO2)

Animals ; Arsenic ; toxicity ; Comet Assay ; DNA Damage ; drug effects ; Lymphocytes ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Tobacco Smoke Pollution ; adverse effects

OBJECTIVETo explore ginseng fermentation process by Lactobacillus plantarum, and to make part of total saponins transformed into more reactive ginsenoside Rd.

METHODMicrobial fermentation was carried out by still dark culture. Total saponins were extracted by Soxhlet extraction, and determined by UV visible spectrophotometry with colours reaction by vanillin-sulfuric acid. Ginsenoside Rd was determined by HPLC method.

RESULTThe fermentation process was: MRS medium, 35 degrees C, pH 5.0, cultured for 2 days. The content of total saponins was inhance 32%, and the content of ginsenoside Rd was increased 4.864 mg x g(-1).

CONCLUSIONThe fermentation system's process was reasonable, and it's suitable for mass production, important significance for ginsenoside microbial transformation.

Biotransformation ; Culture Media ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Fermentation ; Ginsenosides ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Lactobacillus plantarum ; chemistry ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Molecular Structure