Objective To investigate the indications and clinical efficacy of an exclusive right-thoracic approach in esophageal surgery.Methods The clinical data of 35 patients with esophageal disease who underwent an exclusive right-thoracic approach operation from June 2008 to June 2010 at the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University were retrospectively analyzed.Of the 35 patients,21 were with esophageal cancer,and their ages were above 70 years,the partial pressure of oxygen of arterial blood (PaO2),maximal voluntary ventilation and forced vital capacity of the first second were (70 ± 9) mm Hg (1 mm Hg =0.133 kPa),51％ ± 9％ and 57％ ± 11％,respectively.Fourteen patients were with benign esophageal disease or low grade malignancy,and their PaO2 maximal voluntary ventilation and forced vital capacity of the first second were (96 ± 13) mm Hg,83％ ± 11％ and 91％± 14％,respectively.Exclusive right-thoracic approach was selected for all the patients,and surgical procedure was selected according to the location of the lesions.Patients were followed up by out-patient examination or phone call till April 2012.Results All the operations were carried out successfully,21 patients with esophageal cancer underwent partial esophagus resection and stomach-esophagus intrathoracic anastomosis through a right-thoracic approach.Of the 14 patients with benign esophageal disease or low grade malignancy,2 patients were with esophageal leiomyoma,3 with esophageal stromal tumor and 1 with esophageal leiomyomatosis underwent partial esophagus resection + intrathoracic anastomosis ; 7 patients with esophageal leiomyoma and 1 with esophageal stromal tumor underwent tumor extirpation.The operation time and operative blood loss were (3.4 ± 1.8)hours and (160 ± 44)ml,respectively.The number of lymph node dissected of the 21 patients with esophageal tumor was 14 ± 5,including 1.1 ± 0.7 lymph nodes dissected near the left gastric artery.No anastomosis fistula and perioperative death were detected,and the duration of hospital stay was (10 ± 4)days.The postoperative PaO2,maximal voluntary ventilation and forced vital capacity of the first second were (66 ± 10)mm Hg,50％± 11％ and 51％ ± 13％ for patients with esophageal cancer,and (94 ± 13) mm Hg,80％ ± 13％ and 87％ ± 16％ for patients with benign esophageal disease or low grade malignancy.All the patients were followed up for 1-2 years,no eating obstruction was detected,and the postoperative 1-and 2-year survival rate were 82.9％(29/35) and 77.1％ (27/35),respectively.Of the 8 patients with esophageal cancer who died postoperatively,1 died of cardiovascular diseases and 7 died of tumor recurrence and metastasis.Conclusion Exclusive rightthoracic appraoch could be used for patients with benign esophageal disease,low-grade malignancy and old esophageal cancer patients with poor pulmonary function.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of Tetramethyl pyrazine (TMP) on the cytokines and inflammatory mediators in the serum and the synovial fluid of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA)rats, and further to investigate its possible mechanisms for treating rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

METHODSType II CIA rat model was established. Rats in the TMP group were administered with TMP at 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg, once daily. Dexamethasone at 2.0 mg/kg was intramuscularly injected to those in the Dexamethasone treated group, once daily. Normal saline at 2 mL/kg was given to those in the normal control group and the model group, once daily. All medication was started from the 7th day, lasting to the 35th day. CIA rats' foot swelling degree was observed. Contents of serum IL-1, IL-6, IL-2, NO and PGE2in the synovial fluid were detected by radioimmunoassay and nitrate reduction method.

RESULTSCompared with the normal group, the foot swelling obviously increased, contents of NO and PGE2 in the synovial fluid were obviously elevated in the model group (P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, the foot swelling could be obviously inhibited by 100 mg/kg TMP and Dexamethasone; serum levels of IL-1 and IL-6 obviously decreased, serum IL-2 level obviously increased, contents of NO and PGE, decreased (P < 0.01). TMP 50 mg/kg could obviously inhibit the foot swelling of CIA rats (P < 0.01). There was no statistical difference in other indices (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSTMP at 100 mg/kg showed obvious inhibition on CIA rats. Its inhibitory effect might be correlated to inhibiting activities of endogenous cytokines and the generation of inflammatory mediators in inflammation local regions, improving contents of anti-inflammation cytokines, and inducing the balance of the inflammatory cytokine network.

Animals ; Arthritis, Experimental ; blood ; metabolism ; Dinoprostone ; metabolism ; Female ; Interleukin-1beta ; blood ; Interleukin-2 ; blood ; Interleukin-6 ; blood ; Male ; Nitric Oxide ; metabolism ; Pyrazines ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Synovial Fluid ; metabolism

Hemodynamic monitoring is an essential part in the care of children with congenital heart disease during perioperative period to guide clinical management.Currently,there are several methods available for hemodynamic monitoring.The invasive methods include the Fick method,thermodilution method,using the Swan-Ganz catheter and the pulse contour method.The noninvasive methods include partial carbon dioxide resorption,impedance method.In this paper,the principle,advantages and disadvantages of these monitoring methods in children undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass surgery were reviewed.

Objective To study the relativity between serum vascular endothelial growth factor(sVEGF),its receptors(sVEGFR1 and sVEGFR2) and uterine myoma. Methods Thirty hospitalized patients with uterine myoma were chosen as the study group and the other healthy women of the same age as control group.The levels of sVEGF,sVEGFR1 and sVEGFR2 of the two groups were determined by using ELISA technology. Results The levels of sVEGF and sVEGFR2 in the study group were much higher than in the control group(P0.05).The levels of sVEGF and sVEGFR2 in women with myoma had no differences during the menstrual cycle.The level of sVEGFR2 was correlated with the number of myoma(P

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases ; therapy ; Retrospective Studies

Objective To study the effects and mechanisms of infrasound with low sound pressure level on focal cerebral ischemia-refusion injury. Methods Focal cerebral ischemia was produced by 2 hours of occlusion of the middle cerebral artery in rats. lnfrasound generated by infrasound 8TM device was used as treatment factor. Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: sham group (n=8), model group (n=8) and in-frasound group (n=16) , and the infrasound group was subdivided into 20- and 120-min infrasound groups, with 8 rats in each group. Neurological symptoms was assessed at 2 h, 1 d, 3 d and 7 d, respectively. These rats were sacrificed after 7 days of infrasound treatment and their brains were harvested. The number of IGF-1 posive cells of ischemia cortex was counted by using immunohistochemical technique. Results Compared with model group, neurological symptoms of rats in 120-min infrasound group was significantly improved (P<0.05); the number of IGF-1 positive cells of ischemia cortex in 120-min infrasound group increased significantly as compared with that in model group (P<0.01). Conclusion Infrasound with low sound pressure level (120 min/d, 7 d) could exert neuroprotective effect in focal cerebral ischemia injury by increasing expression of IGF-1 in brain.

Objective To examine the neuroprotective effect of pulsed magnetic field in a animal focal cere-bral ischemica-reperfusion injury model. Methods Forty-eight Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomized into 3 groups, a sham-operation group, a model group and a pulsed magnetic field group, with rats 16 in each group. Mid-dle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) method was employed to establish the focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion inju-ry model in rats of model group and pulsed magnetic field group. Rats in sham-operation group was subject to the same operation procedure but not underwent ischemia-reperfusion. The infarction volume, histopathological damage and expressions of IGF-1 in ischemic brain tissue were investigated to evaluate the effect of pulsed magnetic field. Results The infarction volume was reduced, histopathological damage alleviated and expressions of IGF-1 in ische-mic brain tissue elevated in the pulsed magnetic field group as compared against the model group (P<0.05). Con-clusions Pulsed magnetic field might provide neuro-protection against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Objective To observe dynamically the expression of insulin-like growth factor(IGF-1)in the brain and liver,and to explore changes in IGF-1 levels.Methods The thread method waa used to establish middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats.The expression of IGF-1 on the ischemic side of the cerebral cortex and in the liver wag observed dynamically using immunohistochemical techniques. Results The number of IGF-1-positive cells increased significantly,peaking on the 3rd day in the cortex and the 7th day in the liver.Conclusion The expression of IGF-1 Wag upregulated in the brain after the experimental cerebral ischemia;peripheral humoral regulation of IGF-1 responded more slowly and recovered to some extent at the 7th day after cerebral ischemia.

Adenoma, Pleomorphic ; surgery ; Humans ; Parotid Neoplasms ; surgery

Objective To evaluate the histologic changes in the dermis and the changes of the rate of type Ⅲ and type Ⅰ collagen by the radiofrequency device. Methods The effects of radiofrequency current on the dermis were observed. Ten rabbits were treated by radiofrequency, and the histologic change in the dermis were observed by H-E staining and Sirius red staining. Results After RF treatment, the fibers in the dermis appeared more compact and the quantity of the type Ⅲ (red) and type Ⅰ (green) collagen were both increased. The fibers in the dermis appeared more compact and the rate of type Ⅲ and type Ⅰ collagen was increased. It was also found that a significant proliferation of dermal collagen was observed in 8 days after treatment. As time went by, the proliferation of dermal collagen was more pronounced, and the rate of type Ⅲ was increased. Conclusion The radiofrequency current can increase the quantity of collagen in the dermis and increase the rate of type Ⅲ and type Ⅰ collagen, which may be one of the key mechanisms of facial rejuvenation by RF.