Objective To compare the response measures and outcomes of SARS-CoV(2003), H1N1 influenza(2009), H7N9 influenza(2013)and COVID-19(2020)in Shanghai and provide scientific evidence for the emergency response of public health emergencies. Methods We compared the response measures and outcomes of the four epidemics in Shanghai in the aspects of government response, prevention and control system, scientific and technological support, social mobilization and prevention effects, using critical incident analysis based on the time axis of the epidemics from literature review. Results In response to the four epidemics of infectious diseases occurred in 2003-2020, Shanghai has generally made some significant effort and flexible measures in the first month of the epidemics, including"closure of live poultry markets"and"three closed-loops and four 100% coverage"and other specific prevention and control measures, which have enhanced the prevention and control system. However, we identified that the construction of prevention and control system for public health emergencies remained inefficient, compared to rapid economic development. The majority of the construction measures were principally post-epidemic. In addition, there were many challenges, such as passive response, temporary response teams and measures, and difficulties in the flexible bottom-up response for residents, families and industries without standard operating procedure and guidelines. Conclusion It may be an effective measure for the prevention and control of infectious diseases to build joint prevention and control measures with mass participation and regular drills, in the perspectives of strategic, tactical and operational levels of epidemic prevention and control.

Purpose To investigate the clinical value of gated myocardial perfusion imaging (GMPI) quantitative analysis technique in evaluating left ventricular remodeling and its effects on left ventricular function in patients with myocardial infarction (MI). Materials and Methods Seventy-six cases of MI patients were retrospectively analyzed, including pure left anterior descending artery (LAD) disease in 21 cases , left circumlfex artery (LCX) or right coronary branch (RCA) disease in 23 patients and multivessel disease in 32 cases. Seventy-four healthy people were additionally selected as control group. GMPI was performed on all subjects. Reconstruction images were automatically analyzed by using cardiac software QGS 2009 to obtain left ventricular remodeling index, including diastolic sphericity index (SIED) and end-systolic sphericity index (SIES). Cardiac function parameters were also obtained, including left ventricular end-diastolic volume (EDV), end-systolic volume (ESV), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and peak iflling rate (PFR). Differences of the left ventricular remodeling index and cardiac function parameters between the MI group and the control group were compared to analyze the relationship between left ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction and coronary artery lesions. Results SIED, SIES and EDV, ESV in MI group were signiifcantly higher than those in the normal group (P<0.01). The cardiac function parameters of LVEF and PFR were significantly lower than those of the normal group (P<0.01). SIED and SIES in the group of LAD lesions and multi-vessel disease were signiifcantly higher than those in the LCX/RCA lesion group (P<0.05). The left ventricular remodeling was occurred more often in LAD lesion group and multi-vessel disease group than in the LCX/RCA lesion group (χ2=6.502 and 10.166, P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the LAD lesions group and multi-vessel disease group (χ2=0.105, P>0.05). Linear regression analysis showed that LVEF and PFR in group of left ventricular remodeling was signiifcantly lower with the increase of SIED (F=43.231 and 15.642, P<0.01). SIED and SIES analysis resulted in high correlation for both intra-observer and inter-observer (r=0.881-0.926, P<0.01). Conclusion Left ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction can be accurately evaluated by GMPI. Patients with myocardial infarction due to LAD or multi-vessel coronary artery diseases may have left ventricular remodeling easier and more severe. Left ventricular remodeling will seriously affect the myocardial contraction and diastolic function, resulting in the entire left ventricular dysfunction.

Objective To conduct an in vitro study of the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Staphylococcus aureus and Acin- etobacter spp.,and evaluate their response to various concentrations of tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-?,interleukin (IL)-1?, and IL-6.Methods To monitor the growth of bacteria incubated with the cytokines TNF?,IL-1?and IL-6 that were added to RPMI 1640 medium in various concentrations (10,50.100,500 pg,1 and 10 ng) at 2,4 to 6,8 and 16-18 h.The bacterial concentration was estimated when the mixtures of cytokines and specific neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) were in- cubated.Results We found that all three bacterial species showed concentration-dependent growth enhancement when incubated with one or more tested cytokines.Blockade by specific neutralizing cytokine significantly inhibited cytokine-induced growth. When compared with control,the 6 h growth response was maximal with IL-1?for Staphylococcus aureus and Acinetobacter spp.,and with IL-6 for Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Conclusions In this study we provide additional evidence for a newly de- scribed mechanism for bacterial proliferation in the presence of exaggerated and protracted inflammation.The effect that cyto kine-induced growth enhancement inhibited by specific neutralizing cytokine MoAbs may be useful for antimicrobial therapy.

Objective:To investigate the expression of circhipk3 in microglial cells in heat-induced neurological injury, and to preliminary analyze the effect of circhipk3 on microglial polarization in heat-induced neurological injury.Methods:Mice were randomly (random number) divided into a control group and a heat radiation disease 0.8 h group (HS 0.8), a heat radiation disease 8h group (HS 8), and a heat radiation disease 24 h group (HS 24). By establishing a mouse model of heat shock (HS), heat-damaged brain tissue was obtained, microglia were isolated and RNA was extracted. Quantitative PCR method was used to detect M1 and M2 marker molecules in microglia, and to evaluate the polarization direction and type of microglia. The expression level of circhipk3 was detected in microglial cells in heat-induced neurological injury, and the effect of circhipk3 on microglial polarization was further elucidated by intervening the expression of circhipk3 in microglial cells.Results:The expression of CD45 and CD11-b in the HS 8 group was significantly higher than that in the control group [(4.41±0.18) vs. (1±0.15), P=0.000], [(3.47±0.19) vs (1±0.15), P=0.000] , and the CD45 and CD11-b of the HS 24 group was significantly lower than that of the HS 8 group [(1.34±0.15) vs. (4.41±0.18), P=0.000], [(1.38±0.21) vs. (3.47±0.19), P= 0.001]. At the same time, the expression of CD206, FIZZ and Arg1 in the HS 8 group started to increase compared with the control group [(1.59±0.16) vs. (1±0.12), P=0.014], [(1.62±0.15) vs. (1±0.15), P=0.002 ], [(2.23±0.28) vs. (1±0.19), P=0.004], and CD206, FIZZ, and Arg1 in the HS 24 group were significantly higher than those in the control group [(2.67±0.20) vs. (1±0.12), P=0.002], [(2.19±0.15) vs. (1±0.15), P=0.000], [(3.04±0.18) vs. (1±0.19), P=0.001]; circhipk3 mimicis significantly increased the expression of Arg1 [(7.26± 0.06) vs. (3.86±0.06), P=0.000]; at the same time, circhipk3 inhibitor promoted the expression of CD45 and HO-1 [(2.96±0.03) vs. (1.63±0.09), P=0.000], [(2.52±0.10) vs. ( 1.30±0.02), P=0.000]. Conclusions:Microglial cells are predominantly M1-type in early neurological injury of heat radiation disease. HO-1 may be one of the microglial M1-type markers. The high expression of circhipk3 in microglial cells mainly promotes its transformation to M2 type.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of full-length spleen tyrosine kinase [SYK (L)] mRNA and protein in human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) as well as its possible effects on the invasion and metastasis of OSCC.

METHODSThe expression of SYK (L) was detected in 27 cases of OSCC tissues and its matched adjacent non-cancerous tissues by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), Western blot, and immunohistochemistry. Fourteen cases of normal oral gingival tissues were also analyzed as a normal control.

RESULTSReduced mRNA and protein expression of SYK (L) in OSCC tissues was observed compared with that in normal oral gingival tissues (P<0.01) and adjacent non-cancerous tissues (P<0.05). SYK(L) expression was significantly associated with lymph-node metastasis (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSYK(L) is a candidate tumor suppressor for OSCC tissues, and has an inhibitive effect on the initiation, proliferation, and lymph-node metastasis of human OSCC.

Blotting, Western ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; metabolism ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Mouth Neoplasms ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; Syk Kinase ; metabolism

Pharmaceuticals were chosen as the entry point to analyze the status and characteristics of China′s pharmaceutical exports. An export competitiveness evaluation system was comprehensively constructed by selecting the scale, quality and progress of international trade as three dimensions. Net exports, export contribution rate, international market share, display comparative advantage index, competitive advantage index, Michaely index and export advantage growth index as seven indices. In order to avoid the discrepancy caused by the different angles of each index, the indicators were abstracted into two comprehensive ones through principal component analysis, to measure the export competitiveness of the world′s leading countries and regions in pharmaceuticals import and export directly. The result shows that China′s exporting competitiveness of pharmaceuticals ranks the sixth among the 10 major import and export countries in the world. On this basis, dialectical reference is made from Switzerland with strong export competitiveness of pharmaceutical products, in order to promote the long-term development of the export of pharmaceutical products in China.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic and therapeutic value of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) for biliary complications after liver transplantation. Methed ERCP was performed via electronic duodenoscopy in 12patients suspected of having biliary complications such as obstructive jaundice after orthotopic liver transplantation. Results ERCP displayed common bile duct stenosis or obstruction in 9 cases (including 2 cases with also calculi), common bile duct calculi in 2 cases (including 1 complicated by bile duct dilation) and intrahepatic bile duct thinning in the donor liver in 1 case. Balloon dilation of the common bile duct, calculus removal and metal stent placement in the common bile duct was performed in one case. Calculus removal by Oddi sphincterotomy was carried out in 3 cases. Nasobiliary catheter placement was performed in 2 cases. Conclusion ERCP may serve as the primary modality for diagnosing and treating biliary complications after orthotopic liver transplantation with good safety and effectiveness in most cases.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic and therapeutic value of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) for biliary complications after liver transplantation. Methed ERCP was performed via electronic duodenoscopy in 12patients suspected of having biliary complications such as obstructive jaundice after orthotopic liver transplantation. Results ERCP displayed common bile duct stenosis or obstruction in 9 cases (including 2 cases with also calculi), common bile duct calculi in 2 cases (including 1 complicated by bile duct dilation) and intrahepatic bile duct thinning in the donor liver in 1 case. Balloon dilation of the common bile duct, calculus removal and metal stent placement in the common bile duct was performed in one case. Calculus removal by Oddi sphincterotomy was carried out in 3 cases. Nasobiliary catheter placement was performed in 2 cases. Conclusion ERCP may serve as the primary modality for diagnosing and treating biliary complications after orthotopic liver transplantation with good safety and effectiveness in most cases.

Prevotella bivia is associated with pelvic inflammatory disease. A 77-year-old man developed a rapidly growing chest wall abscess due to P. bivia within days. He underwent surgical resection of the infected area; his postoperative course was uneventful. This is the first case of chest wall abscess due to P. bivia infection. Its correct diagnosis cannot be underestimated because fulminant infections can occur in aged or immunocompromised patients if treated incorrectly. Prompt, appropriate surgical management, and antibiotic therapy affect treatment outcome.
Abscess ; diagnostic imaging ; microbiology ; pathology ; surgery ; Aged ; Bacteroidaceae Infections ; diagnostic imaging ; microbiology ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Prevotella ; isolation & purification ; physiology ; Thoracic Diseases ; diagnostic imaging ; microbiology ; pathology ; surgery ; Thoracic Wall ; microbiology ; pathology ; surgery ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

OBJECTIVETo investigate the brain functional laterality in motor areas during motor execution systematically.

METHODSFunctional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was employed combined with right hand sequential finger movement task to investigate brain activation pattern and laterality in 8 right-handed subjects. 3dDeconvolve program of AFNI was used to estimate the hemodynamic response function and to generate activation maps. Then the laterality index (LI) was calculated and tested statistically.

RESULTAll motor areas including the areas which were previously considered to be engage in movement preparation only were activated in movement execution. In the activation map, it appeared left lateralization in cerebra and right lateralization in cerebella. After further statistical test, it was found that in primary motor area (M1), supplementary motor area (SMA) and posterior parietal cortex (PPC), there were left lateralization. While in premotor cortex (PMC), cingulate gyrus and basal ganglia (BG), the lateralization tendency was not obvious. The activation in cerebella is characterized with right lateralization.

CONCLUSIONThough there are tiny differences among subjects, most of the motor areas appear lateralized activation. Past studies only observed laterality in several motor areas. It may be due to the difficulty of the task or the experimental design.

Adult ; Brain ; physiology ; Female ; Functional Laterality ; physiology ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Motor Cortex ; physiology