Anterolateral thigh flap is perfect for reconstructing maxillofacial soft tissue defects. This tissue has been widely used by clinicians, but often causes operation difficulties because of vascular variation. In this paper, we report a case where anteromedial thigh was used as new donor site when the vascular anatomic variation of anterolateral thigh perforator flap induced a failure in the flap harvest. Moreover, this paper discusses the anatomy and application of anteromedial thigh flap.
Humans ; Maxillofacial Abnormalities ; surgery ; Perforator Flap ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Thigh ; surgery

Objective To compare the difference of early optic nerve damage and visual field defect between primary open angle glaucoma(POAG)and primary angle-closure glaucoma(PACG).Design Prospective case series.Participants 30 eyes of 23 patients with early POAG and 30 eyes of 22 patients with early PACG were recruited.Methods Routine ophthalmologic exams,visual field (Humphrey Field Analysis 24-2),scanning laser polarimetry GDx ECC(Full Exam)were performed.Different types of RNFLD and GDx ECC parameters were compared between the two groups through X square-test and independent samples t-test,respectively.Both the intra-group globe visual indices and retinal sensitivity loss of each illumination target were compared with independent samples t-test. Main Outcome Measure GDx ECC parameters,types of RNFLD,visual indices and retinal sensitivity loss of each illumination target. Results Significant differences in all GDx ECC parameters of the two groups were found except Superior Average and Symmetry.In GDx ECC reports,diffuse RNFLD in POAG and PACG were 40% and 10%,respectively(P＜0.05),while localized RNFLD were 53% and 63%,respectively.The differences of PSD and CPSD between groups were significant.More localized retinal sensitivity loss in the superiotemporal visual field in PACG were found.Conclusion The diffuse RNFL damage of early POAG is more than that of PACG. Differences between POAG and PACG in retinal sensitivity loss of the superiotemporal visual field are found,which are consistent with the RNFL damages.The pattern of RNFL damage and the visual field defects are different both functionally and structurally,which may give insight into the different etiologies of POAG and PACG.

To study the chemo-preventive effect of the supercritical extracts from Angelica sinensis (SFE-AS) on induced colorectal carcinoma in mice by using the AOM/DSS-induced male mice colorectal carcinoma model, and discuss its possible action mechanism. Male Balb/c mice were subcutaneously injected with single dose of azoxymethane (AOM, 10 mg x kg(-1) body weight). One week later, they were given 2% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in drinking water for 7 days to induce colorectal carcinoma. Each drug group was orally administered with supercritical extracts from Angelica sinensis at 15, 30, 60 mg x kg(-1) until the 17th week. The tumor incidence rate of the SFE-AS group, mice tumor-bearing quantity and tumor-bearing volume of the SFE-AS group were lower than that of the AOM/DSS model control group, which may be related with the significant reduction of PCNA, COX-2, iNOS in the AOM/DSS-induced mouse colorectal carcinoma model associated with inflammation by SFE-AS. According to the results of this study, SFE-AS showed an intervention effect in the incidence and development of AOM/DSS-induced mouse colorectal carcinoma associated with inflammation, and could be further used in chemo-preventive studies on human colorectal carcinoma.
Angelica sinensis ; chemistry ; Animals ; Azoxymethane ; adverse effects ; Colonic Neoplasms ; chemically induced ; genetics ; immunology ; prevention & control ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; chemically induced ; genetics ; immunology ; prevention & control ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Dextran Sulfate ; adverse effects ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ; genetics ; immunology

Objective To investigate the correlation between the structural parameters provided by the Heidelberg retina tomogra- phy (HRT) and the structural parameters provided by laser diagnostics glaucoma scanning system (GDx), to discuss whether the correla- tion between them be used to make a more accurate diagnosis. Design Case control study. Participants Thirty-two patients (49 eyes) with primary open angle glaucoma and 15 patients only with abnormal GDx results. Methods The patients underwent examination with HRT, GDx. The relations between the topographic parameters of GDx Ecc and HRT were analysed by linear regression. F test was used to analyse whether there was a spatial correspondence between the GDx Ecc and HRT I]. Maim Outcome Measures The topographic parameters generated by GDx Ecc and HRTⅡ. Results In glaucoma group, among the topographic parameters generated by GDx Ecc and HRTⅡ. The correlation between NFI and rim area was significant (r=-0.68,P=-0.000). The spatial correspondence between GDx Ecc and HRTⅡwas also significant. In control group, NFI and rim area also had the significant correlation among the parameters of optic nerve head and retinal nerve fiber layer (r=-0.79, P=0.001). But there was no spatial correspondence between the GDx Ecc and HRTⅡ. Conclusions There is a spatial correspondence between GDx and HRT, but this correspondence doesn't existence in patients only with abnormal GDx result. This difference can be used to make a more accurate diagnosis.

In order to obtain the phase I clinical trial data safely and accurately , the subjects management is very important .The purpose of this paper is to introduce the subjects management model during recruitment , screening and observation and discuss the phase I subjects management strategy , according to the author ’ s practical experience and the working model of phase I clinical trials in hospital .

OBJECTIVETo observe the effects of beta3-adrenergic receptor(beta3-AR) antagonist on myocardial uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) expression and energy metabolism in chronic heart failure rats.

METHODSSeven weight-matched normal adult rats (control group), 18 isoproterenol (ISO) induced heat failure (HR) rats (ISO group) and 21 ISO induced heart failure rats but received specific beta3-AR inhibitor SR59230A (ISO+ SR59230A group) for 6 weeks were included in this research. At the end of the study, echocardiography was performed, the ratio of left ventricular weight and body weight (LVW/BW) was calculated. The expression of beta3-AR ad UCP2 mRNA in myocardium were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), the UCP2 protein in myocardium were detected by Western blot. The myocardial contents of creatine phosphate (PCr) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) were measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

RESULTSCompared with control group, the cardiac function was significantly reduced and myocardial beta3-AR mRNA significantly increased, UCP2 mRNA and protein were also significantly increased in ISO group, this change could be attenuated by the treatment with SR59230A, and the expression of myocardial UCP2 protein negatively correlated with the ratio of PCr/ATP.

CONCLUSIONIn the chronic stage of HF, the expression of UCP2 increases, which causes myocardial energy shortage, SR59230A improves myocardia energy efficiency and cardiac function by means of suppressing the expression of UCP2.

Adrenergic Antagonists ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Energy Metabolism ; Heart Failure ; metabolism ; Ion Channels ; metabolism ; Male ; Mitochondrial Proteins ; metabolism ; Myocardium ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-3 ; metabolism ; Uncoupling Protein 2

OBJECTIVETo explore the normal values of vestibular autorotation test (VAT) in young people.

METHODSVAT was performed in 31 young people aged 20-30 years. The measured value were analyzed and compared with the reference normal value.

RESULTSThe measured values of VAT in healthy young people are almost within the normal range of the general population. Compared with the reference normal values, the horizontal gains at 2.0, 2.3, 2.7, 5.5, and 5.9 Hz, the vertical gains at 2.0 and 5.9 Hz, and the vertical phases at 2.0, 2.3, 2.7, 3.1, 3.5, and 3.9 Hz were significantly different (P < 0. 05). No significant difference was shown in the horizontal phases and asymmetry.

CONCLUSIONSThe normal values of VAT in young people is within the reference normal range of the general population. The vestibular function of young people may be more sensitive in lower frequency range (2-3Hz).

Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Reference Values ; Vestibular Function Tests ; standards ; Vestibule, Labyrinth ; chemistry ; physiology ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of the Pim-1 gene in the LNCaP cells of the animal model of orthotopically implanted prostate cancer by surgical castration simulating androgen-deprivation therapy.

METHODSWe equally allocated 32 male BALBc-nu mice into 4 groups, androgen-dependent prostate cancer (ADPC), androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) , castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and blank control, and established the models of orthotopically implanted tumor using human prostate cancer LNCaP cells. We detected and ,compared the expressions of Pim-1, PSA, and androgen receptor (AR) in the tumor tissues of different groups by RT-PCR. qRT-PCR, ELSIA and immunohistochemistry.

RESULTSThe relative gray scales in the ADPC and CRPC groups were 0.59 ± 0.01 and 1.14 ± 0.02, with statistically significant differences from 0.62 ± 0.03 in the ADT group (P < 0.05), and the Δ Ct values of Pim-1 were 6.15 ± 0.34 and 4.56 ± 0.23 in the former two groups, also with significant differences from 5.11 ± 0.21 in the latter (P < 0.05). The results of 2-ΔΔ Ct relative quantification analysis showed that the amplification products of Pim-1 in the ADT and CRPC groups increased 2.05 and 3.01 times respectively that of the ADPC group. The concentration of PSA was significantly higher in the ADPC ([480 ± 25] pg/ml) and CRPC ([870 ± 23] pg/ml) than in the ADT ([170 ± 32] pg/ml) and blank control groups (0 µg/L) (P < 0.01). The mean optical densities of Pim-1 and AR proteins were 0.017 ± 0.002 and 0.032 ± 0.009 in the ADPC group and 0.024 ± 0.002 and 0.040 ± 0.011 in the CRPC group, both with significant differences from those in the ADT group (0.018 ± 0.001 and 0.019 ± 0.006) (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONPim-1 is highly expressed in nude mice with prostate cancer receiving androgen-deprivation therapy and plays an important role in the progression and metastasis of prostate cancer.

Androgen Antagonists ; therapeutic use ; Animals ; Disease Progression ; Gene Expression ; Heterografts ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent ; metabolism ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; metabolism ; Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant ; genetics ; metabolism ; therapy ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-pim-1 ; metabolism ; Receptors, Androgen ; metabolism

OBJECTIVEOver the last few decades, diabetic cardiomyopathy has been identified as a significant contributor in cardiac morbidity. However, the mechanisms of diabetic cardiomyopathy have not been clarified.

METHODSIn the present study, a diabetic rat model was induced by the intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. The myocardial CD147 expression and extent of glycosylation, as well as thematrixmetalloproteinases(MMPs) expression and activity, were observed in the diabetic and synchronous rats.

RESULTSThe results showed that CD147 located on sarcolemma of cardiomyocytes. The myocardial CD147 expression and glycosylation were significantly increased in the diabetic rats as compared with the control. Expression of MMP-2 protein, MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity were also increased in left ventricular myocardium in the diabetic rats. Tamoxifen only inhibited the enhanced expression of myocardial CD147 in the diabetic rats, but not in synchronous control rats. Tamoxifen inhibited glycosylation of myocardial CD147 in both diabetic and control rats. The inhibition of tamoxifen on CD147 glycosylation was stronger than on the expression in the myocardium. The extent of myocardial CD147glycosylation was positively related toMMP-2 and MMP-9 activity. Tamoxifen induced an inhibition of myocardial MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity in the control and diabetic rats.

CONCLUSIONThese results indicate that myocardial CD147 expression, especially the extent of glycosylation, regulates MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity, then accelerates cardiac pathological remodeling inducing diabetic cardiomyopathy. Tamoxifen inhibits myocardial CD147 glycosylation and further depress the activity of MMPs. Therefore, tamoxifen may protect the diabetic rats against diabetic myocardium.

Animals ; Basigin ; metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; complications ; Diabetic Cardiomyopathies ; drug therapy ; Glycosylation ; Heart ; drug effects ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ; metabolism ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; metabolism ; Myocardium ; metabolism ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; cytology ; Rats ; Sarcolemma ; metabolism ; Tamoxifen ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of androgen on sexually dimorphism nucleus in preoptic area (SDN-POA) and anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV) before sexual differentiation of the brain in female rats.

METHODSNeonatal female SD rats (n=12) were randomly divided into two groups: androgen group and control group. Twenty-four hours after birth animals were subjected to intraperitoneal injection of 50 microl of testosterone propionate (TP,10.0 g/L) or aseptic oil as control. The rats were sacrificed 60 days after the injection and the brains were collected for crystal violet staining. LEICA Q Win system was applied in detecting the boundaries of SDN-POA and AVPV, then the volumes of SDN-POA and AVPV were calculated.

RESULTSThe volumes of SDN-POA in androgen group were significantly larger than those in control group [(16.77+/-2.68) vs (8.99+/-1.42)mm(3)x10(-3), P<0.01], while the volumes of AVPV in androgen group were significantly smaller than those in control group [(9.14+/-1.16) vs (14.62+/-2.80)mm(3)x10(-3), P<0.01].

CONCLUSIONExogenous androgen rendered before sexual differentiation in female rats results in enlargement of SDN-POA volumes and reduction of AVPV.

Androgens ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Female ; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus ; anatomy & histology ; drug effects ; Preoptic Area ; anatomy & histology ; drug effects ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sex Differentiation