OBJECTIVETo investigate the expressions of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors 1-3 (S1P1- 3) in the corpus cavernosum of castrated male rats and its relationship with the NOS/NO/cGMP and RhoA/Rho kinase signaling pathways.

METHODSWe equally randomized 18 eight-week-old healthy male SD rats into a sham-operation control, a castration, and a testosterone replacement (TR) group and harvested the bilateral testes and epididymides from the rats in the latter two groups, followed by 4 weeks of subcutaneous injection of testosterone propionate at 3 mg per kilogram of the body weight per day for those in the TR group and that of plant oil for those in the control and castration groups. At the age of 12 weeks, we measured the serum testosterone (T) level and maximum intracavernous pressure/mean arterial pressure (ICPmax/MAP) of the animals and determined the expressions of SlP1-3, eNOS, P-eNOS, ROCK1, and ROCK2 in the corpus cavernosum by Western blot and immunohistochemistry.

RESULTSThe serum T level was significantly decreased in the rats of the castration group as compared with those of the control and TR groups ([0.41 ± 0.04] vs [16.01 ± 1.02] and [15.84 ± 1.32] nmol/L, P < 0.01), with no statistically significant difference between the latter two groups. The ICPmax/MAP at 0 V, 3 V, and 5 V electric stimulation was remarkably lower in the rats of the castration group (0.088 ± 0.014, 0.323 ± 0.014, and 0.432 ± 0.012) than in those of the control group (0.155 ± 0.011, 0.711 ± 0. 010, and 0.819 ± 0.024) and TR group (0.153 ± 0.012, 0.696 ± 0.017, and 0.763 ± 0.027) (P < 0.01), with no significant difference between the latter two groups. With GAPDH as internal control, the animals of the castration group showed markedly reduced expressions of S1P1 ([49.99 ± 3.39]%), eNOS ([46.82 ± 3.81]%) , and P-eNOS ([45.42 ± 4.35]%) in comparison with those in the control group ([72.57 ± 3.06], [89.76 ± 3.98], and [82.53 ± 8.92] and TR group ([71.77 ± 4.43], [87.19 ± 4.23], and [79.82 ± 7.38]%) (P < 0.01) , while the expressions of S1P2, S1P3, ROCK1, and ROCK2 were significantly upregulated in the castration group ([82.35 ± 4.13], [61.03 ± 5.14], [74.50 ± 4.02], and [69.83 ± 5.75]%) as compared with those in the control group ([41.67 ± 1.68], [31.66 ± 2.67], [35.69 ± 5.56], and [39.85 ± 7.17]%) and TR group ([42.80 ± 3.87], [32.25 ± 4.22], 38.06 ± 5.21], and [42.36 ± 4.44]%) (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONAndrogen deficiency induces significant reduction of ICPmax/ MAP in male rats, which is possibly associated with the decline of S1P1 in the corpus cavernosum, inhibition of the eNOS/NO/cGMP signaling pathway, increased expressions of S1P2 and S1P3, and activation of the RhoA/Rho kinase signaling pathway.

Animals ; Male ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III ; metabolism ; Orchiectomy ; Penis ; metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Lysosphingolipid ; metabolism ; Testosterone ; blood ; pharmacology ; rho-Associated Kinases ; metabolism

Background Pterygium is a relatively common eye disease,but its aetiology and pathogenesis remain uncertain.At present,the study on pterygia focuses on understanding its underlying mechanism.Objective This study was to detect the expression of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguaine (8-OHdG),a marker of oxidative damage of DNA,and bcl-2,a gene related with apoptosis,on the pterygium tissue.Methods Thirty pterygium tissue specimens were obtained during the surgery with the primary pterygium 24 cases and recurrent pterygium 6 cases.In addition,20 normal conjunctival specimens from retinal detachment surgery and strabismus surgery were collected.The expressions of 8-OHdG and bcl-2 in pterygium tissue were detected using immunochemistry and compared with the normal conjunctival tissue.The difference in the expressions of 8-OHdG and bcl-2 among different specimens was compared by x2test,and the relationship between 8-OHdG expression and bcl-2 expression was evaluated by Kappa test.Results The positive expressing rate of 8-OHdG in the pterygium tissue was 62.5％ and 83.3％ in the primary and recrudescence pterygium tissue,respectively,but the expression of 8-OHdG was absent in the normal conjunctiva tissue.No significant difference was found in the positive expressing rate of 8-OHdG between primary and recrudescence pterygium tissue(x2 =0.938,P＞0.05).The bcl-2 expressing rate was 90.0％ and 87.5％ in the primary and recrudescence pterygium tissue,respectively.However,that in the normal conjunctival tissue was absent.No significant difference was seen in the bcl-2 expression rate between primary and recrudescence pterygium tissue (x2=0.833,P ＞ 0.05).Of the 27 pterygium tissue with bcl-2 positive expression,8-OHdG showed the positive expression in 20 specimens,and 3 specimens with the bcl-2 negative response were absent reactive to 8-OHdG,showing insignificant difference between them (P＞0.05).The relationship between 8-OHdG expression and bcl-2 expression was concord in a certein extent (Kappa =0.464).Conclusions The upregulation of 8-OHdG in the pterygium tissue indicates that oxidative damage of DNA plays a role in the development of pterygium.Oxidative damage of DNA caused by ultraviolet may be an upriver factor,which induces raising up of expression of bcl-2 and inhibits the apoptosis of normal cells and further proliferation of the conjunctiva tissue,resulting in the genesis and development of pterysium.

Objective To identify the role of survivin and VEGF in angiogenesis of colorectal tumor by investigating tissue expression of survivin, VEGF and CD34 in human colorectal tumors. Methods Immunohistochemical staining for the paraffin sections by using the polyclonal antibodies of survivin, monoclonal antibodies of VEGF and CD34, was performed by the standard avidin-biotin-peroxidase technique. The percentage of positive cell and quantitative analysis were made by image analysis system, which also helped to calculate the amount of MVD. Results The immunoreactivity of survivin significantly increased in the transition from adenoma with low dysplasia to adenoma with high dysplasia (P <0.01). Similar changes in protein expression were observed for VEGF and MVD. The expression of survivin was closely related with that of VEGF. Both were positively correlated with MVD. Conclusion Survivin promotes angiogenesis of colorectal tumor together with VEGF. VEGF may be the potential causes of reexpression of survivin during colorectal tumorigenesis.

Objective To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of hepatolithiasis complicated by bronchobiliary fistula.Method The data of 35 patients with hepatolithiasis and bronchobiliary fistula treated in our department in the last 10 years were retrospectively studied.Results The operations were:-repair of fistula in the diaphragm (n=35),hepatic segmentectomy (n=22) biliary stricturoplasty (n=13),T-tube drainage of common bile duct (n=19),hepaticojejunostomy (n=3) and bilateral hepatojejunostomy with a Roux-en-Y loop of jejunum (n=13).Residual stones were left in 4 patients.There was no recurrence of the bronchobiliary fistula on follow-up.Conclusions Expectoration of bitter and purulent yellow sputum was an important clinical feature of bronchobiliary fistula.The key steps in a successful operation were reliefing the obstructed bile duct and re-establishment of adequate biliary drainage.

The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has greatly changed the pattern and natural history of ocular diseases of HIV-infected patients, resulting from the immune recovery and reduction of opportunistic infections. However, ophthalmic complica-tion continues to be concern in AIDS even in the HAART era, especially in developing areas, where absolute majority of HIV-positive patients live. Lack of test facilities and experience, poor conditions of hygiene, different microbiological environment, absence of effective treatment etc., characterize the ophthalmic manifestation of HIV-infected patients in developing countries from that in developed regions and thus pose a great challenge to the ophthalmic treatment in developing area. Not only varied from region to region, ocular complications are distinctive between adults and children. At the same time, the side effects due to the application of HAART pose their own risks of ocular complication and should, therefore, be given more research attention.

Objective To investigate the clinical features of patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC),and explore the factors that can prolong the disease-free interval(DFI) after primary treatment.Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 54 patients with recurrent EOC and analyzed the clinical stage,histological subtypes,primary treatments,DFI,recurrent site,secondary treatment,and the response after secondary treatment.By Mann-Whitney test and T test,factors influent the DFI were analyzed,the relationship between DFI and the response after secondary treatment were analyzed also.Results The mean DFI for all 54 patients was 19.07 months.The DFI of patients received optimal cytoreductive surgery was longer than those received non-optimal cytoreductive surgery [(32 ± 19.10) months vs (18.77 ± 7.80) months,P ＜ 0.01];The DFI of patients with serous,mucous and clear cell tumor was [(20.16 ± 14.63) months,(14.00 ± 4.73) months and (16.67 ± 13.03) months,respectively],suggesting patients with mucous tumor might have shorter DFI.The DFI of patients with low tumor grade was longer than those with high tumor grade [(28.18 ± 16.97) months vs (16.52 ±9.46) months,respectively];The DFI of patients with stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ disease was [(19.60 ± 12.89)months],was compared to the DFI of patients with stage Ⅲ,stage Ⅳ disease,which was [(19.22 ± 12.38) months] and [(11.67 ±5.39) months],respectively.When disease recurred,the most frequent recurrent site was pelvic (50％,n =27),with upper abdominal (29.6％) and lymph node(29.6％) followed.When recurrence was found in lymph node,the most frequent site was pelvic and para-arotic lymph node.In our study,when disease recurred,response of the tumor after the secondary treatment has no relationship with the DFI.Conclusions Patients received optimal cytoreductive surgery,patients with low tumor grade and early stage have longer DFI.Retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy might be chosen during the primary cytoreductive surgery in some selected patients.

Objective: To explore the relationship between mental symptoms and functional dyspepsia (FD), and the effect of Xiaoyu decoction (XYD) plus psychotherapy on FD. Methods: SCL-90 scale and FD symptom scale were used to estimate the condition of 56 healthy subjects and 56 patients of FD before and after 4 weeks treatment with XYD plus psychotherapy. Results: There was significant difference in SCL-90 scales between the healthy subjects and the FD patients before treatment (P<0.01). After treatment, the mental symptoms and the symptom of FD in the patients were markedly improved, as compared with those before treatment, the difference was significant (P<0.01). Conclusion: Mental symptoms, such as depression and anxiety existed commonly in FD patients, were closely related to FD. XYD plus psychotherapy could cure it effectively.

Ameloblastoma is a benign odontogenic tumor with an aggressive biological behavior, and the surgical treatment frequently results in failure for the postoperative recurrence. The aim of this article was to investigate whether the proliferative ability and prognosis of ameloblastoma could be evaluated by the radiographic boundary. The ameloblastoma cases treated by the conservative therapy in our hospital between 1981 and 2001 were divided into three groups based on the nature of the radiographic borders of the lesions. The biologic behavior was evaluated by Ki-67 antibody immunohistochemically. Comparisons of prognosis and Ki-67 expression were carried out by statistic methods. There were 24 cases of well-defined edge with sclerosis (group I), 41 cases of well-defined edge without sclerosis (group II) and 32 cases of ill-defined edge (group III). The recurrent rates were 29.2% in group I, 43.9% in group II and 62.5% in group III (P<0.05). The cells in group III expressed the highest Ki-67 level (P<0.05). The radiographic boundary could be used as one of indicators in evaluating the proliferative ability of ameloblastoma and the patient's prognosis, which was consistent with Ki-67 expression.
Adult ; Ameloblastoma ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Cell Proliferation ; Chi-Square Distribution ; Female ; Humans ; Ki-67 Antigen ; analysis ; Male ; Mandibular Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Observer Variation ; Prognosis ; Radiography, Panoramic ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

Objective To study the curative effect and the prognostic factors of endoscopic traumatic optic neuropathy (TON). Methods The clinical data of 53 patients with TON from 2010 to 2015 years was retrospectively analyzed. Divided the patients into the surgery group and the non-surgery group, according to whether or not accept the treatment of endoscopic optic decompression. And evaluating the potential prognostic factors in chi-square test, group t-test and multiple regression analysis. Results In 53 patients (55 eyes ), 31 eyes have no visual acuity before treated: 8 eyes’ visual acuity was improved in 16 eyes (8/16) that accepted operation; 3 eyes’ visual acuity was improved in 15 eyes (3/15) that with non-operation;24 eyes have visual acuity before treated:11 eyes’ visual acuity was improved in 14 eyes (11/14) that accepted operation;3 eyes’ visual acuity was improved in 10 eyes (3/10) that with non-operation;19 eyes’ visual acuity was improved in 30 eyes (19/30) that accepted operation, the total effective rate was 63.3%, and there was no complications happened in the patients who accepted operation. The age, eye-side, sex, visual acuity, optic canal fracture , orbit fracture , all these factors have no correlation to the prognosis (P>0.05), but the interval time between injury and operation (less than 3 days) and the way of the treatment are benefit to improve vision (P<0.05). Conclusions The endoscopic optic decompression is an effective treatment in TON, and it’s better to improve vision in 3-day after TON.

A chiral LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous analysis of desvenlafaxine (DVS) enantiomers in human plasma was developed and applied to a pharmacokinetic study on 12 Chinese healthy volunteers. d6-Desvenlafaxine was used as internal standard (IS). Chromatographic separation was performed on the Astec Chirobiotic V chiral column (150 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 μm). The assay was linear over the concentration range of 0.500-150 ng x mL(-1) for both enantiomers (r2 > 0.99). The method was successfully applied to a stereoselective pharmacokinetic study of 100 mg desvenlafaxine sustained release tablets on 12 Chinese healthy volunteers under fasting conditions. The results showed that the pharmacokinetic parameters were similar to both enantiomers in Chinese healthy volunteers. The AUC(0-t), and C(max) of the two enantiomers were about 1.5 times higher than those of blacks and whites reported in the literature.
Administration, Oral ; Area Under Curve ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Cyclohexanols ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; Desvenlafaxine Succinate ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans ; Male ; Plasma ; chemistry ; Stereoisomerism ; Tablets ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry