Objective To investigate the changes and significance of serum nitric oxide levels in the early stage after rat liver transplantation.Methods Male Sprague Dawley rats were used as do- nors and recipients of orthotopic liver transplantation,and the time of cold preservation and anhepatic phase was 4 h and 25 min respectively.Forty-eight rats were randomly divided into groups A,B and C (n=16 each).The samples of blood were taken from vena cava and hepatic tissues from left lobe 2 h, 4 h,6 h in groups A,B and C respectively after liver graft reperfusion.ALT and NO levels in serum were detected,and the expression of NF-?B in hepatic tissue was examined by immunohistochemical technique.Amounts of bile flow in 5 min after liver graft reperfused initially were measured.The pathological changes in liver tissues were observed.Results Amounts of bile flow in 5 min in group A (3.73?1.11?l) were greater than those group B (2.35?0.92?l) and group C (2.23?0.81?l) (P

Acinetobacter Infections ; etiology ; Acinetobacter baumannii ; drug effects ; isolation & purification ; Child, Preschool ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Intensive Care Units, Pediatric ; Male ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVEDetermine the content of ursolic acid of Liuwei Dihuangwan.

METHODUsing NIR with PLS, PCA-BPANN and WT-BPANN.

RESULTThe predication recovery were 100.7%, 100.6%, 100.1%, and the RSD were 5.42%, 6.49%, 6.52% respectively.

CONCLUSIONNIR can be used in the determination of ursolic acid, which set up the foundation of on-line control of traditional Chinese medicine.

Cornus ; chemistry ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Quality Control ; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared ; Triterpenes ; analysis

Osteoclasts are multinucleated giant cell, which derived from mononuclear myeloid hematopoietic stem cells with the function of bone absorption. Osteoclasts plays a key role in bone metabolism, therefore the body is very strict to regulation of osteoclastogenesis. Mobilization and differentiation of osteoclast maturation is a complex and sophisticated multi-level regulatory processes. In the relevant regulatory mechanisms, OPG/RANKL/RANK system plays a pivotal role in the process of osteoclast differentiation and maturation. Recent studies revealed that immune cells and osteoclasts were closely connect with each other in the field of bone metabolism, also provide a new therapeutic target for the treatment of bone diseases. The apoptosis of osteoclasts in bone metabolism have been payed more attention,while its mechanism is still not clear, which need further research.
Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Osteoclasts ; cytology ; metabolism ; Osteoprotegerin ; genetics ; metabolism ; RANK Ligand ; metabolism ; Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B ; genetics ; metabolism

Objective To investigate whether the gene polymorphisms of cytochrome P450(CYP) 2E1 are associated with the risk of anti-tuberculosis drug induced hepatotoxity (ADIH).Methods In this case control study, 339 patients who matched the diagnosis criteria of tuberculosis were included. The gcneral healthy status and liver biochemical parameters were checked in all these patients. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR RFLP) technique was used to determine CYP 2Et polymorphisms. The statistic analysis were performed by using both univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis. Results The allele frequencies of CYP 2E1 7632T/A, 1019C/T and 1259G/C in 103 tuberculosis patients of ADIH group were 17.5%, 26.2%and 27.2 % respectively, while those in 236 tuberculosis patients of control group were 29.7 % ,39.4 %and 40.7%, respectively (x2 =5.539, P＜0.05; x2 =5.458, P＜0.05; x2 =5.628, P＜0.05). The results of univariate analysis demonstrated that the risk of concurrent ADIH was significantly higher in patients with wild genotypes of CYP 2E1-7632T/A, CYP 2E1-1259G/C, CYP 2E1-1019C/T than in patients with other genotypes. After adjusted for sex, occupation and alcohol consumption status, the results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis also showed that wild genotypes of CYP 2E1-7632T/A, CYP 2El-1259G/C, CYP 2E1-1019C/T were significantly associated with higher risk of ADIH. The results of interaction analysis indicated that the wild genotypes of CYP 2E1-7632T/A and CYP 2E1-1259G/C or CYP 2E1-1019C/T had synergetic effects on the development of ADIH.Conclusions The risk of concurrent ADIH is significantly higher in patients with wild genotypes of CYP 2E1-7632T/A, CYP 2E1-1259G/C, CYP 2E1-1019C/T compared to patients with othergenotypes. Wild genotypes of CYP 2E1-7632T/A and CYP 2E1-1259G/C or CYP 2El-1019C/T have synergetic effects on the development of ADIH.

Objective To observe the effect of aspirin(ASA)on radiosensitivity of human glioblastoma multiforme cell line U87,and explore its mechanism.Methods Routine culture of U87cell line was performed; inhibitory effect of different doses of ASA(16,8,4,2,1 and 0.5 mmol/L)on the proliferation of U87 cells and the influence of 1 mmol/L ASA pretreatment on the proliferation of U87cells after single fraction irradiation with 2,4 and 8 Gy 6MV-X ray were detected with CCK-8; the radiation enhancement ratio(RER)of ASA on these 3 different radiation doses were calculated.We chose 1 mmol/L ASA and 8 Gy X-ray for further experiment; the U87 cells were divided into control group,radiation treatment group,ASA treatment group and radiation plus ASA treatment group; the changes of apoptosis rate and the level of NF-κB in each group were detected by flow cytometry(FCM),and the expression of NF-κB was observed by laser scanning confocal microscope.Results As compared with that of control group(not given ASA),the inhibitory effect on proliferation of U87 cells in 1 and 0.5mmol/L ASA treatment groups was not significantly different(P＞0.05).The RER in radiation dose of 2,4and 8 Gy induced by ASA was(0.155±0.008),(0.205±0.017)and(0.392±0.024),respectively; 8 Gy treatment group had a significantly higher RER than 2 and 4 Gy treatment groups(P＜0.05).FCM showed that ASA plus 8 Gy radiation treatment could increase the apoptosis rate of U87 from(7.74％±0.43％)to (12.58％±0.94％),however,it could decrease the level of NF-κB in U87 cells from(96.65％±2.79％)to (77.06％.±2.89％); significant differences between control group and ASA plus radiation treatment group were noted(P＜0.05).Laser scanning confocal microscope showed that the expression of NF-κB mainly appeared in the cytoplasm ad nucleus after irradiation,and its expression could be inhibited by ASA.Conclusion ASA could increase the radiosensitivity of U87 cells by inhibiting the expression of NF-κB to increase the apoptosis of glioma cells.

This study was aimed to investigate the change of tissue factor pathway (TFP) ratio during the attack of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and its clinical significance. Plasma recalcification time was assayed by manual operation. Plasma tissue factor (TF), TF pathway inhibitor (TFPI) antigen, FVII:Ag, activated FVII (FVIIa) and D-Dimer were measured by enzyme linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA). TF activity was determined by chromogenic assay, plasma FVII coagulation activity (FVII:C) was detected by one-stage system. Blood samples were taken from 59 patients with AMI and 84 healthy volunteers. The results indicated that (1) plasma recalcification time was significantly shorter in the AMI group than that in the control; (2) compared with the control, TF activity in AMI patients showed no significant change (p > 0.05); the antigen levels of TF and TFPI in patients with AMI were remarkably increased (p < 0.05), and the increment degree of TF was remarkably higher than that of TFPI, therefore the TF/TFPI ratio was enlarged; total TFPI (t-TFPI) and full-length TFPI (fl-TFPI) were significantly higher (p < 0.01), truncated TFPI (tr-TFPI) was significantly lower (p < 0.01); the TF/t-TFPI ratio was higher than that in normal group, the TF/t-TFPI ratio was lower than that in normal group (p < 0.01), but the TF/tr-TFPI and fl-TFPI/t-TFPI ratios in AMI group were more remarkably higher than that in control group (p < 0.01), the tr-TFPI/t-TFPI and tr-TFPI/fl-TFPI ratios were significantly lower (p < 0.01). (3) compared with the control, the levels of plasma FVIIa and FVII:C in AMI group were higher (p < 0.05), FVII:Ag did not significatly change; FVIIa/FVII: Ag ratio was more remarkably higher (p < 0.01), but the elevation of FVIIa/FVII:C and FVII:C/FVII:Ag ratios showed no significant change (p > 0.05); (4) plasma D-dimer was significantly higher, compared with the normal control (p < 0.01). It is concluded that TFP is initiated during the attack of AMI, suggesting the circulating blood in AMI patients is in hypercoagulable status, therefore the simultaneous detection of multiple coagulation factors is necessary for evaluating risk factors in AMI patients, and the use of ratio for reflecting hypercoagulable status and risk factors is more reliable to detect each of them separately.
Aged ; Blood Coagulation ; Case-Control Studies ; Factor VII ; metabolism ; Female ; Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products ; metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Infarction ; blood ; Thromboplastin ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of antizyme 1 (ZA1) gene transfection on the cell proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis of human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells in vitro.

METHODSThe recombinant eukaryotic expression vector pAZ1m was constructed by cloning mutant AZ1 gene into the vector pEGFP-N1, and subsequently transfected in SH-SY5Y cells. The transfected cell proliferation was examined using MTT assay, and the changes in cell cycle and apoptosis were assayed using flow cytometry analysis. RT-PCR was performed to measure cyclin D1 and caspase-3 mRNA expressions, Western blotting carried out to examine cyclin D1 protein expression, and the changes in caspase-3 activity were detected using a caspase-3 detection kit.

RESULTSAZ1 gene transfection significantly inhibited the proliferation of SH-SY5Y cells, causing cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 stage and down-regulated cyclin D1 and up-regulated caspase-3 expressions. Obviously increased caspase-3 activity was also observed in the transfected cells.

CONCLUSIONExogenous AZ1 gene transfection can inhibit the proliferation and cause cell cycle arrest of SH-SY5Y cells by down-regulating cyclin D1 expression. Up-regulated caspase-3 expression resulting from AZ1 gene transfection may induce apoptosis of the neuroblastoma cells.

Apoptosis ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Cyclin D1 ; metabolism ; Down-Regulation ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; Neuroblastoma ; metabolism ; Proteins ; genetics ; Transfection ; Up-Regulation

OBJECTIVETo study the effect and the possible mechanism of IL-6 on NMDA-excited neuronal discharges of rats in vitro.

METHODSThe cerebellar slices were prepared and spontaneous discharges of single cerebellar interposed nuclear (IN) neurons were recorded by extracellular recordings. The cerebellar slices were perfused with artificial cerebral spinal fluid (ACSF) containing N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), IL-6, JAK inhibitor AG490. The changes in firing activities of the neurons treated with the drugs were recorded. The levels of phosphorylation at serine 897 site of NMDA receptor subunit 1 (NR1) in the neurons treated with various drugs mentioned above were detected by Western blot.

RESULTSThe discharge rates of the neurons that were treated with IL-6 together with NMDA were significantly lower than those of the neurons treated with NMDA alone. AG490 partially blocked the inhibitory effect of IL-6 on the NMDA-stimulated neuronal firing activity. The treatment of the neurons with IL6 and NMDA led to a concentration-dependent suppression of the phospho-NR1 expression relative to those neurons treated with NMDA alone. AG490 blocked the effect of the IL-6-induced depression of phospho-NR1 expression.

CONCLUSIONIL-6 inhibits NMDA-stimulated neuronal firing activity, and simultaneously down-regulates the phosphorylation of NR1 at serine 897 site.

Animals ; Cerebellum ; drug effects ; metabolism ; In Vitro Techniques ; Interleukin-6 ; pharmacology ; N-Methylaspartate ; pharmacology ; Nerve Growth Factors ; metabolism ; Neurons ; drug effects ; metabolism ; physiology ; Phosphorylation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the myocardial protective effect of L-carnitine in children with hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) caused by Coxsackie A16 virus and possible mechanisms.

METHODSA total of 60 HFMD children with abnormal myocardial enzyme after Coxsackie A16 virus infection were enrolled and randomly divided into L-carnitine group and fructose-1,6-diphosphate group (fructose group), with 30 children in each group. The two groups were given L-carnitine or fructose diphosphate in addition to antiviral and heat clearance treatment. Another 30 healthy children who underwent physical examination were enrolled as control group. The changes in myocardial zymogram, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and apoptosis factors sFas and sFasL after treatment were compared between groups.

RESULTSThere was no significant difference in treatment response between the L-carnitine group and the fructose group (P>0.05). One child in the fructose group progressed to critical HFMD, which was not observed in the L-carnitine group. Before treatment, the L-carnitine group and the fructose group had significantly higher indices of myocardial zymogram and levels of MDA, sFas, and sFasL and a significantly lower level of SOD than the control group (P<0.05), while there were no significant differences in these indices between the L-carnitine group and the fructose group (P>0.05). After treatment, the L-carnitine group and the fructose group had significant reductions in the indices of myocardial zymogram and levels of MDA, sFas, and sFasL and a significant increase in the level of SOD (P<0.05); the fructose group had a significantly higher level of creatine kinase (CK) than the control group and the L-carnitine group, and there were no significant differences in other myocardial enzyme indices, MDA, sFas, and sFasL between the L-carnitine group and the fructose group, as well as between the L-carnitine and fructose groups and the control group (P>0.05). SOD level was negatively correlated with aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), CK, and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) (r=-0.437, -0.364, -0.397, and -0.519 respectively; P<0.05), and MDA level was positively correlated with LDH and CK-MB (r=0.382 and 0.411 respectively; P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSL-carnitine exerts a good myocardial protective effect in children with HFMD caused by Coxsackie A16 virus, possibly by clearing oxygen radicals and inhibiting cardiomyocyte apoptosis.

Carnitine ; therapeutic use ; Child, Preschool ; Coxsackievirus Infections ; complications ; Female ; Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease ; drug therapy ; etiology ; metabolism ; Heart ; drug effects ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; analysis ; Myocardium ; metabolism ; pathology ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism