Chin ; surgery ; Humans ; Mandible ; surgery ; Maxillofacial Abnormalities ; surgery ; Osteotomy ; methods ; Osteotomy, Le Fort ; methods ; Tooth Abnormalities ; surgery

Adolescent ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; blood ; immunology ; Humans ; Infant ; Lymphocyte Subsets ; Th1 Cells ; immunology ; Th2 Cells ; immunology

Objective To investigate the epidemiology of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) in five rural counties of eastern China and analyze the biological,demographic and social risk factors.Methods Subjects of this study were all the diagnosed TB patients registered in the five study sites in Shandong Province,Jiangsu Province and Zhejiang Province during one year of 2008- 2009.Questionnaire interview was conducted in all the subjects to acquire the socio-demographic and clinical information.Sputum samples were collected for culturing and isolating of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.TB) strains.All the M.TB isolates were further tested for the susceptibility to first-line drugs including rifampin,isoniazid,ethambutol and strepomycin by proportion method.Mantel-Haenszel chi-square test,Fisher's exact test,ANOVA and nonconditional Logistic regression modeling were applied for data analysis.Results Among the total 380 M.TB isolates,105 were resistant to at least one of the first-line drugs.The total drug resistant TB prevalence was 27.6％.Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) was observed in 8.4％ of newly treated TB patients,whereas it was 23.3％in previously treated TB patients.After adjusted by county,gender and age of the subjects,multivariate analysis showed that previous treatment history (OR=3.900,95％CI: 1.737-8.704),tuberculosis cavity (OR - 1.987,95 ％ CI: 1.001 - 3.942) were independent factors influencing the occurrence of MDR-TB.Conclusions The prevalence of drug resistant TB in rural area of eastern China is relatively low compared with the average level in China,while it is still higher than the global average level.The present study highlights that TB patients with previous treatment history,cavitaryTB are correlated with MDR-TB,and elderly patients are at high risk of MDR-TB.

Objective:To evaluate the surgical corrective results of maxillary hypoplasia in patients with cleft lip and palate withtranspalatal modified Le Fort Ⅰ osteotomy.Methods:In the study,1 1 patients (4 women,and 7 men)with maxillary hypoplasia secondary to cleft lip and palate underwent transpalatal modified Le Fort Ⅰ osteotomy at Peking University School of Stomatology from Jan.201 2 to Dec.201 3, with the mean age of 21 years (from 1 8 to 27 years),Bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy (BSSRO) and genioplasty were performed simultaneously in 9 of them for better appearance and functional occlu-sion.Lateral cephalometric radiographs were taken and traced before surgery,immediately after surgery and 6 months after surgery.The position of subspinale (A)on horizontal direction,the angle of sella-na-sion-subsipmale (SNA)and the angle of sella-nasion-supramental (SNB)were collected and analyzed to evaluate the results.Results:All the patients were uneventful with transpalatal modified Le Fort Ⅰosteotomy.All of them had a better profile and a satisfactory occlusionafter operation.The position of A was moved forward (6.6 ±1 .1 )mm on average in horizontal direction when surgery was completed,and maintained (6.0 ±1 .2)mm on average 6 months after surgery.The average of SNA was 75.9°±2.8° before surgery,81 .6°±8.6°immediately after surgery,and maintained 81 .0°±2.6°6 months after sur-gery.The average of SNB was 82.6°±3.7°before surgery,78.0°±2.4°immediately after surgery,and maintained 78.5°±2.4°6 months after surgery.Conclusion:The maxillary hypoplasia in cleft lip and palate patients can be successfully corrected with transpalatal modified Le Fort Ⅰ osteotomy and the func-tional occlusion can be achieved simultaneously.The effect of deformity correction was satisfactory. Transpalatal modified Le Fort Ⅰ osteotomy can move maxilla more sufficiently,especially applicable for the patient with severe palatal scars preoperatively.

Objective:To evaluate the feasibility of integrating 3D photos and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT)images and to assess the degree of error that may occur during the above process,and to analyze soft and hard tissue changes after orthognathic surgery using this new method.Methods:Ten patients with maxillofacial deformities were chosen.For each patient,CBCT scans and stereophotographic images were taken before and 3 months after surgery.3D photos were superimposed onto the CBCT skin im-ages using relatively immobile areas of the face as a reference.3D color maps and mean distances were used to evaluate the errors that might occur during the process.Two reference planes were set up using cer-tain points.The distances between Prn (pronasale),Sn (subnasale),Ls (labrale superior),ANS (anterior nasal spine),A (subspinale),UIE (upper incisor edge)to the coronal plane were calculated before and af-ter surgery.In order to verify the repeatability of this method,we examined the distances twice at two-week intervals.Paired t test was used to evaluate the reproducibility.Results:CBCT and 3D photos could be successfully fused with clinically acceptable errors.This new method could be used to evaluate soft and hard tissue changes after orthognathic surgery.The 3D color maps showed that the two images could be fused with minimal errors.The mean distances were within 0.3 mm,and the locations of landmarks on maxilla and mandible such as Ls,ANS,A,UIE changed significantly after orthognathic surgery (P <0.05). Landmarks on the nose such as Prn,Sn had little changes after surgery (P >0.1 ).The paired t test showed that the mean value and standard deviation were (0.08 ±0.98)mm.Conclusion:Fusing of CBCT and 3D stereophotographic images used as a new method in evaluating soft and hard tissue changes after orthognathic surgery was feasible and accurate.The virtual 3D composite craniofacial models permitted concurrent assess-ment of hard and soft tissues during diagnosis and treatment planning.Maxillary and mandibular locations had significant association with orthoganthic surgery while the nasal tissue was not simp affected by surgery.

Objective: To observe the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) on uterine prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) in rats with primary dysmenorrhea (PD) and to discuss the possible mechanism in EA intervening PD. Methods: Forty Sprague-Dawley female rats were randomly divided into a blank group, a model group, an EA group and an ibuprofen group, with 10 rats in each group. The PD model was established using estradiol benzoate combined with oxytocin in the model group, EA group and ibuprofen group. At the same time of modeling, rats in the EA group were given EA at Guanyuan (CV 4) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6) once a day for 20 min each time for 10 consecutive days. Ibuprofen was intragastrically administered once a day for 10 consecutive days in the ibuprofen group. The same amount of normal saline was intragastrically administered once a day for 10 consecutive days in the blank group and model group. The number of writhing of rats in each group within 30 min was compared on the 11th day just after the interventions. The uterine homogenate supernatant was separated and the PGF2α level was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Western blot was applied for the detection of the expression levels of COX-2, phospho-NF-κB p65 and NF-κB p65 proteins in uterine tissues. Results: Compared with the blank group, the number of writhing in the model group increased significantly (P<0.01), and the expression levels of PGF2α, COX-2, phospho-NF-κB p65 and NF-κB p65 proteins in uterine tissues were significantly increased (all P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the number of writhing in the EA group and ibuprofen group were significantly reduced (both P<0.01), and the expression levels of PGF2α and COX-2 protein in uterine tissues were significantly reduced (both P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the phospho-NF-κB p65 level in uterine tissues in the EA group was significantly reduced (P<0.01). Compared with the ibuprofen group, the phospho-NF-κB p65 level in the EA group was significantly reduced (P<0.01). Conclusion: The mechanism of EA for PD rats may be related to inhibiting the phosphorylation of NF-κB and reducing the levels of COX-2 and PGF2α in uterine tissues.

Objective:To prepare and purify siRNA targeting a proliferation-inducing ligand targeted(APRIL-siRNA),so as to provxde a basis for studying the role of APRIL in human pancreatic cancer.Methods:pET-22b-APRIL was constructed to express APRIL dsRNA of human pancreatic cancer cell line CFPAC-1 in E.coli and the product was purified by chromatography using CF-11 column.APRIL dsRNA was digested by RNaseⅢto prepare APRIL siRNA,then the reaction mixture was loaded onto a DEAE ion exchange chromatography to remove RNaseⅢfrom oligonucleotides,and size exclusion chromatography was used to purify 21 bp siRNA.The purified APRIL siRNA was used to transfect Chinese hamster ovary(CHO)cells and the expression of APRIL in CHO cells was observed under fluorescence microscope Results:APRIL dsRNA was successfully expressed in E.coli after IPTG induction and was purified by CF-11 column.dsRNA was hydrolyzed with RNaseⅢand was purified by DEAE ion exchange chromatography and size exclusion chromatography.15% nondenaturing PAGE and 12% SDS- PAGE confirmed that RNaseⅢwas removed from oligonucleotides and 21 bp siRNA was purified with size exclusion chromatography.It was also found that APRIL siRNA obviously depressed APRIL expression in CHO cells.Conclusion:We have successfully constructed APRIL siRNA targeting APRIL gene of CFPAC-1 cells with in vitro transcription,which provides a basis for knock-down of APRIL gene in CFPAC-1 cells.

Objective: To identify nasal width changes occurring after Le Fort Ⅰosteotomy and to compare prospectively the effect of three surgical techniques for controlling postoperative nasal width . Methods:In the study, 79 patients (22 male and 57 female, mean age 23.2 ±3.4 years), who re-ceived Le Fort Ⅰosteotomy at Peking University Hospital of Stomatology from 2011 to 2014, were ran-domly divided into three groups .Group 1 was treated with traditional intraoral alar base cinch suture ( ABCS);Group 2 with extraoral ABCS, and Group 3 with traditional ABCS plus an extra intraoral suture at points G.lat.All the patients had taken 3D photos using 3dMD camera before operation , and 3, and 6 months after operation.The nasal widths, which were indicated as distances between Sbal-Sbal, G.lat-G.lat and Al-Al, were measured by two examiners in the 3D photos three times with a time-interval of one week .SPSS 13 .0 was used to do the statistic analysis .Results: At the end of the postoperative 6 months, the nasal widths lessened as compared with the postoperative 3 months.No significant diffe-rences were found between the three groups 6 months after the operation .The degree of the postoperative nasal width widening had positive correlation with that of the intraoperative nasal width widening , and had negative correlation with the initial nasal width and the amount of post-suture narrowing .Conclusion:There is no difference between three suturing techniques for controlling nasal width widening after Le FortⅠosteotomy.The postoperative nasal width-widening can’t be totally avoided, and the alteration might last at least 6 months after the operation .For patients with narrow nasal width and need to move maxilla forward , more overcorrection of ABCS is needed to control the postoperative nasal base widening .

Objective: To investigate the effect of icariin on the proliferation, differentiation, and the mRNA expressions of Cbfαl, BMP2, BMP4 of rat osteoblasts. Methods: Primary rat osteoblastic cells were obtained by sequentia collagenase/trypsin enzyme digestion from calvarial bones of new born ( within 24 h) SD rats and were identified by Alkaline phosphatase and alizarin red staining. The passage 3-5cells were treated with icariin at the concentration of 0 mol/L, 10~(-8)mol/L, 10~(-7)mol/L, 10~(-6)mol/L,10~(-5)mol/L, 10~(-4)mol/L for 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, and the proliferation of the cells was measured by CCK-8assay. The proliferation index was detected by Flow Cytometry and the activity of alkaline phosphatase was determined by p-Nitrophenyl phosphate (pNPP) method after being treated with icariin at the concentration mentioned above for 48 h. The total cellular RNA was extracted 48 h after being treated with icariin at the concentration of 10~(-6)mol/L, and the expressions of Cbfα1, BMP2, BMP4 mRNA were examined by real-time PCR. Results: Icariin showed no effect on the proliferation of osteoblasts, but improved ALP activity. The Cbfα1, BMP2, BMP4 mRNA were significantly upregulated after icariin treatment. Conclusion: Icariin could promote the differentiation ability of rat osteoblasts through upregulating the Cbfα1, BMP2, BMP4 mRNA expressions.

Objective To investigate the application of U100plus laser in treating incarcerated in gallbladder stones. Methods The clinical data of 52 patients accepted U100plus laser lithotripsy of gallbladder neck incarcerated were retrospective analyzed. Results All 52 patients were successful treated by surgery. Twelve patients with gallbladder wall edema, drainage tubes were used to prevent bile leakage after gallbladder surgery. After 2~4 d, the ultrasound examination showed that no abnormal drainage, and tube was removed. The mean operative time was 40 min. The mean intraoperative bleeding was 2 mL. Patients were able to get out of bed 1 day after surgery. The average length of hospital stay was 4 d. Pa-tients were followed up for 6 to 30 months, and no special discomfort, The ultrasonography showed no stone recurrence. Conclusion U100plus laser lithotripsy is a safe and effective method for treating incarcerated gallbladder stones.