Cancer metastasis is composed of a complex cascade that involves a variety of critical steps beginning with detachment from the primary tumor and ending with growth of tumor at a distant site, such as bone. The "seed-and-soil hypothesis" predicts that the bone microenvironment expresses factors through which attract a variety of cancer cells and promote the tumor development. The ending point of tumor development in bone is achieved through the bidirectional and dynamic interaction between tumor cells and the cells in their growth microenvironment. A variety of factors produced by the bone microenvironment, contribute to the pathogenesis of cancer skeletal metastasis. In this review, using prostate cancer (CaP) as an example, some of general mechanisms of cancer metastasis will be summarized. In addition, the current understanding of the interaction between tumor cells and the bone microenvironment will be addressed. Finally, the research directions in the near future will be suggested.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and adverse effects of gefitinib as the first line treatment in elderly patients with lung adenocarcinoma.Methods 81 elderly patients of previously untreated advanced lung adenocarcinoma,who were non-smokers and unsuitable for chemotherapy,received gefitinib treatment until disease progression or intolerable toxicities occurred.The curative effect performance status of improvement and adverse effects were observed.Results All of the patients were evaluable.Partial response rate and stable disease rate of gefifinib were 25.9 ％ (21/81) and 48.1％ (39/81),respectively.55.5 ％ (45/81)of patients had performance status improved after treatment.Conclusion Gefitinib has curative effect and is well tolerated in the treatment of elderly patients with previously untreated advanced lung adenocarcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 ; blood ; metabolism ; DNA Methylation ; Genes, p16 ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins ; blood ; metabolism

Aged ; Antitubercular Agents ; therapeutic use ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Factor VIII ; therapeutic use ; Hemophilia A ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Humans ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; Male ; Phytotherapy ; Tuberculosis, Spinal ; complications ; drug therapy

Objective The purpose of this study is to evaluate Surgical Procedure and Prognosis for elderly stage 1NSCLC patients above 70 years old.Methods The patients who were stage Ⅰ non-small cell lung cancer from 2003 to 2007were enrolled ( n =71 ).The median age was 74 years ( ranged from 70 to 84 years).The median follow-up of patients was 30months( ranged from 2 to 81 months).Results The percentages of postoperative complications after sublobar resection and lobectomy patients were 36.4％ and 46.9％,respectively.The period in hospital were 11.36 days and 12.24 days.The 3 year survival was 85.9％ for patients undergoing sublobar resection and 78.8％ for lobectomy.The 5 year survival was 56.4％ and 56.9％ respectively.No significant difference was observed between two types of surgical procedure in the elderly.Staging is the independent factor of prognosis.Conclusion Lobectomy is still the main therapy method for elderly stage Ⅰ NSCLC patients.Especially,for those who can undergo radical resection.But sublobar resection also appears to be a viable surgical treatment for patients with cardiopulmonary physiologic impairment.

AIM To investigate the effect of puerarin (Pue) on tumor necrosis factor (TNF) ?, interleukin (IL) 6 secreted by neonatal rat cardiomyocytes during hypoxia/reoxygenation injury. METHOD The activities of TNF ? and IL 6 in the supernatants of cultured myocytes, which were sampled from different groups (control, model, and therapeutic groups with 1 g?L -1 Pue, 0 1 g?L -1 Pue, 0 01 g?L -1 Pue) at different time, were assayed by bioassay method. RESULTS TNF ? and IL 6 activity increased compared with that of control ( P

AIM: To analyze the results of phacovitrectomy with internal limiting membrane(ILM) peeling to treat foveoschisis in ultra-high myopia.METHODS: Totally 32 eyes of 32 ultra-high myopia patients with foveoschisis were selected retrospectively.The preoperative refractive errors ranged from-12.00D to-20.00D with the mean of-15.78±2.16D.The best corrected visiual acuity(BCVA) were converted to LogMAR acuity, and the average BCVA was 4.1±0.4.Conventional phacovitrectomy with ILM peeling by ICG dying were performed.Gas tamponade were performed to end the operation.The BCVA and the foveoschisis cavity were observed by 1-9mo after the surgery, with the mean of 4.5mo.RESULTS: The foveoschisis cavity of 30 eyes were healed with BCVA increased and visual distortion alleviated distinctly (94%)(t=-7.91, P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Phacovitrectomy with ILM peeling is useful in treating foveoschisis in ultra-high myopia with visual function preserving.

It has gradually become a consensus in the industry that the traditional Chinese medicine gypsum should be decocted first, but the understanding of decocting method is not completely unified in the works of doctors since ancient times, and there are occasional disputes about whether it is necessary to decocting first. In this study, the phase determination, physical and chemical characterization, qualitative and quantitative analysis of inorganic and organic components of the decoctions of herbal pairs and the whole prescription Maxingshigan decoction with gypsum as the center, and the pre-decoctions and co-decoctions of them were carried out to explore the scientific connotation of the pre-decoctions of gypsum. Results show that decoction phases were different between the co-decoctions and pre-decoctions of licorice-gypsum (Gancao-Shigao, GC-SG), ephedra-gypsum (Mahuang-Shigao, MH-SG) and almond-gypsum (Xingren-Shigao, XR-SG). The results of the micromorphology, particle size and zeta potential of herbal pairs and prescription (Quanfang, QF) showed that the supramolecular particles in pre-decoctions were smaller, more uniform and more stable than the co-decoctions. The results of organic components analysis showed that different cooking methods did not change the organic composition and content. ICP-OES results showed that the content of inorganic components in pre-decoctions was higher than in co-decoctions for the same boiling time of gypsum. The IR results showed that the pre-decoctions had stronger chemical functional group effect than the co-decoctions. To sum up, compared with the co-decoction, the pre-decoction of gypsum has different phase state and chemical composition interaction, and the difference of inorganic composition is an important material basis affecting the change of phase state compared with the co-decoction. It indicates that the material basis of traditional Chinese medicine decoction is indeed different whether gypsum is decocted first or not, which can provide a basis for the clinical application of decocted gypsum.

OBJECTIVETo observe the expression profiles of osteoblast-related genes in human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from bone marrow during osteogenic differentiation.

METHODSMSCs were induced to differentiate with MSC osteogenic differentiation medium for 7, 14, 21 and 28 days respectively. Alizarin Red staining was used to detect matrix mineralization. Expression of osteoblast-related genes, including osteocalcin, osteopontin, Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), alkaline phosphatase and collagen type 1, was assessed with quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.

RESULTSOn day 14 after induction of differentiation, cells were stained positively with Alizarin Red. The expression levels of these genes exhibited an upward trend as induction time was prolonged. Exposure to osteogenic differentiation medium less than 21 days did not significantly induce osteocalcin expression; osteocalcin expression levels in the differentiated cells induced for 21 and 28 days were 1.63 and 2.46 times as high as the undifferentiated cells respectively (all P<0.05). Stimulation with MSC osteogenic differentiation medium over 14 days significantly enhanced bone marrow-derived MSCs to express osteopontin and Runx2 genes (all P<0.05). Osteogenic differentiation medium could significantly induce the expressions of alkaline phosphatase and collagen type1 genes (all P<0.05). Their expressions reached the peak levels on day 21, which were increased more than 4- and 3-fold respectively.

CONCLUSIONHuman bone marrow-derived MSCs could exhibit the sequential expression pattern of osteoblast marker genes during osteogenic differentiation in vitro.

Alkaline Phosphatase ; genetics ; Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Collagen Type I ; genetics ; Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit ; genetics ; Genetic Markers ; Humans ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; metabolism ; Osteocalcin ; genetics ; Osteogenesis ; Transcriptome