OBJECTIVE: To seek approach for the protection of domestic pharmaceutical enterprises with immature creativity and to ensure drug accessibility. METHODS: An analysis was performed applying the theory of demand elasticity by comparing the attributes of health right and patent right etc based on TRIPS protocol and the related practice abroad. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS: For a developing country, China should give top priority to the short-term urgent needs, such as to meet people's medication demands, followed by meeting the long-term demands, such as to encourage independent intellectual property rights. Hence, drug accessibility-related system in drug patent system should be evolved step by step.

Child ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Electrocardiography, Ambulatory ; Heart Atria ; pathology ; Humans ; Tachycardia, Ectopic Atrial ; diagnosis

OBJECTIVE:To improve the monitoring and reporting system of adverse drug use(ADR)in medical organiza?tions.METHODS:The current situation of monitoring and reporting system of ADR in medical organizations were analyzed.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:In our country the running of the ADR monitoring and reporting system is left to be improved and optimized.

Objective To show the international protocols for blood pressure monitoring based on a real example. Methods The assessment process of international protocol that can be released by Working Group on Blood Pressure Monitoring of European Society of Hypertension was evaluated. Results 33 participants were selected, which all indexes in evaluation stage one and stage two of the indicators were detected through. The 95% consistency interval in difference between tested device and reference monitor was 10.65～-12.67 mmHg for systolic BP and 13.68～-14.03 mmHg for diastolic BP, and there were 7.1% (7/99) and 6.1% (6/99) of valid points out of the 95% consistency interval. Conclusion The measured automatic blood pressure in the normal environment, measuring accuracy and the standard with the control of mercury -type sphygmomanometer is coincident, so it can be recommended for home application.

Objective To compare blood pressures results measured by automated sphygmomanometer and standard mercury sphygmomanometer,and to investigate the application of measurements consistency evaluation method in accurate measurement of automated sphygmomanometer.Methods Intraclass correlation coefficient was used to estimate the reliability of repeated measurements,and Bland -Altman method was adopted to evaluate the consistency between automated sphygmomanometer and standard mercury sphygmomanometer.Meanwhile,the results were compared with protocol of European Society of Hypertension.Results The tested automated sphygmomanometer did not adapt to the criteria of European Society of Hypertension.The intraclass correlation coefficient of mercury sphygmomanometer was 0.937 for systolic blood pressure,0.849 for diastolic blood pressure.The intraclass correlation coefficient of tested sphygmomanometer was 0.944 for systolic blood pressure,0.929 for diastolic blood pressure.The 95% consistency interval was(-10.20 to 16.94)mmHg for systolic blood pressure and(-6.25 to 11.69)mmHg for diastolic blood pressure.Conclusion Normally,Bland-Altman method has the same judgment result with protocol of European Society of Hypertension.

40/h) and non-severe group(n=15,AHI 5-40/h).Anthropometric measurements,fasting plasma glucose,insulin,blood fat,and CT quantitative measurement of abdominal adipose tissue were recorded. Results Insulin resistance index(HOMA-IR) in patients with OSAS was related to hypoxia independently of obesity variables.The severe group was characterized by more serious metabolic disorders and higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome than the non-severe group.OSAS was positively associated with an increased metabolic disorders risk for the severe group versus the non-severe group(OR=8.8).Using the receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve analysis,waist circumference had the greatest areas under the ROC curves compared with body mass index and neck circumference.The results of multiple stepwise regression of lowest pulse oxygen saturation(LSpO2)during overnight sleep indicated that neck circumference followed by epworth sleepiness score(ESS) entered the equation(P

Objective To explore the clinical application of ultrasonography on tethered spinal cord syndrome (TCS).Methods Ultrasonic feature of 45 patients with TCS were analyzed retrospectively. Pre-and post-operative blood flow rates of cone were recorded by color doppler.Results Ultrasound was the same as computer tomography not only presented the image of anatomy and pathology of TCS,but also showed the lack of pulsatile motion of distal cord with TCS.Before the operation,blood flow rates of cone were( 0.047?0.012) m/s.After the operation,blood flow rates of cone were(0.158?0.029) m/s.There was significantly different(P

Objective To compare the clinical effects of electroacupuncture at antagonistic motor points and at acupoints on ankle varus post stroke. Methods 96 patients with ankle varus post stroke were randomly divided into treatment group (n=48) and control group (n=48). All the patients accepted Bobath approach. The treatment group accepted electroacupuncture at antagonistic motor points, while the control group at antagonistic acupoints. They were assessed with Holden functional ambulation category, modified Ashworth scale and dorsiflexion- eversion grade of ankle before and after 4 weeks of treatment. Results The ambulation, spasticity of ankle, and dorsiflexion-eversion of ankle improved in both groups after treatment (P<0.05), and improved more in the treatment group than in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Electroacupuncture at antagonistic motor points may release spasticity of ankle post stroke more effective than at acpoints

Objective: Based on cell model and HPLC-MS technology , to screen myocardial protection active compounds from traditional patent medicine Tongmai Yangxin pill ( TMYXP ) . Methods: Fractions of TMYXP were prepared by high performance liquid preparation technology . The cardioprotective effects of prepared fractions were tested on H2O2 oxidation-damaged H9c2 myocardiocytes.The active components were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography ( HPLC) coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry .The possible active compounds were putatively identified by comparison of their MS ions and molecular weight with literatures . Results:Ten TMYXP components presented significant myocardial protective activities , 5 of which were investigated and presented good dose-effect relationships .Their median effective concentrations ( EC50 ) were respectively 11.66, 17.44, 13.10, 7.332, 15.15 μg/mL.Totally, 11 potential active compounds were analyzed and identified , including Glycyrrhizic acid , Glycycoumarin , Licoisoflavone , Ophiopogonin D′, Licoricon, Gancaonin L, Neoglycyrol, Emodin, Angeloylgomisin H, Angeloylgomisin Q and Glyasperin A .Conclusion:The myocardial protection active compounds of TMYXP were screened successfully .

The study is aimed to assess the genetic diversity and genetic relationship of 18 Sarcandra glabra resources from different populations,and guide parent selection of cross breeding between these resources. The molecular marker technique ISSR was used to investigate the genetic diversity of the 18 resources. Data was analyzed by POPGEN 32, and a cluster diagram was presented by UPGMA. One hundred and ninety-eight amplified fragments were obtained using 23 ISSR primers. One hundred and eighty-four polymorphic loci were identified. Nei's genetic diversity index (h) was 0.32, Shannon diversity index (I) was 0.485 4. The genetic similarity coefficient among the resources ranged from 0.383 8 to 0.878 8 in an average of 0.661 2. The genetic distance between sample S2 and sample S18 was the farthest, so as between sample S3 and sample S18 both Nei's genetic distance was 0.957 5, The genetic distance between sample S4 and sample S5 was the closest, the Nei's genetic distance was 0.129 2,and the sample S1, S2, S3, S7, S10 were significantly different from the others based on the clustering analysis, the three groups S2 vs S3, S2 vs S6, S2 vs S18 were the best parent group selection. There was a middle level of genetic differentiation in the resources. The genetic distance between resources gives useful information to guide parent selection of cross breeding.
Conservation of Natural Resources ; DNA Primers ; genetics ; Genetic Variation ; Magnoliopsida ; classification ; genetics ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Phylogeny