Bilingual teaching is an important method to train international medical students.While the current bottleneck problem is the shortage of teachers during the exploration and practice in bilingual teaching. Proceeding from requirements and current situation of bilingual teachers, the following approaches should be taken to strengthen the teaching stuff construction of bilingual teaching: demonstration teaching, language training infiltrated in clinic job, guiding foreign students, preparing bilingual teaching materials and professional team building.

In the teaching of Medical Microbiology,the writers use problem based learning pattern and traditional teaching methods together to complement each other according to the characteristics of students. They improve the quality of teachers constantly,reform the old methods of teaching and evaluation system in order to improve the students'clinical work ability and train their innovation thoughts.

Colorimetry ; Coloring Agents ; Evaluation Studies as Topic ; Filtration ; methods ; Food ; Humans ; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted ; Mastication ; physiology ; Particle Size ; Time Factors

Yersinia enterocolitica,which is pertaining to pathogenetic Yersinia,is a human and animal pathogen found in most countries of the world.The microorganism is widely distributed in nature in aquatic and animals.It is transmitted through the respiratory tract or digestive tract.The epidemical seasons are mainly autumn and winter.Within a broad spectrum of clinical diseases,gastroenteritis is commonly encountered.To detect Yersinia enterocolitica,molecular biological method is the highest sensitive and special.

Objective:This article has summarized the second generation cognitive screening exam(NCSE) about it's subtests,methods of use,applicability,characteristics and flaws.

Objective In this study,we determined whether or not cancer-reactive cytotoxic T-lymphocytes(CTLs)could be induced from peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs)of colon cancer patients by in vitro stimulation with a PAP peptide.Methods The PBMCs of HLA-A24+ colon cancer patients and healthy donors were stimulated with a PAP213-221 peptide in vitro.The PAP-specific IFN-? was measured by ELISA.The cytotoxicity of CTLs were examined by 51Cr release assay.Results IFN-? produced by the PBMCs of 3 of 5 colon cancer patients and 1 of 8 healthy donors after incubation with PAP213-221 peptide pulsed C1R-A2402 cells were significantly higher then that after incubation with HIV peptide pulsed C1R-A2402 cells(P

Dental Porcelain ; classification ; Humans

Objectives: To investigate the significance of CT multi-planar reconstruction of vertebral artery CT angiography(CTA) in C2 pedicle screw placement. Methods: The vertebral artery CTA images of 77 pa-tients were reviewed retrospectively by CT multi-planar reconstruction. The positions in three dimensions were adjusted according to the screw′s ideal direction, and the cross section of the screw passing through the pedicle was displayed based on CT multi-planar reconstruction. A circle was demarcated on the former plane to simulate the cross section of the screw. The diameter of the circle, the accommodation of screw in C2 pedicle, and the positions of the screw related to the vertebral artery were taken into account to assess the feasibility of pedicle screw placement. And meanwhile, the feasibility was assessed by measuring the inner di-ameters of pedicle complex. The results of the two methods were compared. Results: The simulation of place-ment of C2 pedicle screw basing on CT multi-planar reconstruction illustrated the accommodation of screw in C2 and its relationship with surrounding structures. According to this method, 10(13%) cases of left side and 19 (25%) cases of right side could not accommodate the circle with the diameter of 4mm and could not be placed pedicle screw, while operation was unavailable for 12(16%) cases of left side and 20(26%) cases of right side by measurement of inner diameters. The P value of McNamara test was 0.5 in the left and 1 in the right. There was no significant differences between the results of two methods(P>0.05). The result of Kap-pa test was 0.770 in the left and 0.732 in the right, and the P value of the Kappa test in the both sides was 0, which showed good consistency. Conclusions: The simulation of placing pedicle screw in axis basing on CT multi-planar reconstruction can illustrate the screw accommodation in C2 and its relationship with sur-rounding structures, which can provide good reference for the operation.

Objective To observe the expressions of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) 1,3a and 3b in retinoblastoma (RB).Methods Sixty-two RB samples and six normal retinas were studied,including 17 poorly differentiated and 45 well differentiated samples; 16 invasive and 46 non-invasive samples.The expressions of DNMT1,3a,and 3b,and Ki-67 were detected using immunohistochemical analysis.Brown staining of nuclei was considered to represent the positive stain for DNMT1,3a and 3b,and ki-67,blue staining as negative.The level of high expression of nuclear staining was,positive cells in DNMT1≥65 ％,in DNMT3a≥60％ and in DNMT3b≥40％.The correlations of DNMT1,3a and 3b expression in RB samples,and MIB-1 labeling index were analyzed.Results Viewed under the light microscope,negative expressions of DNMT1,3a and 3b were demonstrated in normal retinas,however,positive expression was observed in RB samples,with 100％ in DNMT1,98％ in DNMT3a and 92％ in DNMT3b.Comparing well differentiated RB samples with poorly differentiated samples,significant differences were found in high expression of DNMT1 (x2 =12.57,P＜0.05) and DNMT3a (x2 =10.54,P＜0.05) ; also in the positive cells of DNMT1 (U=179,P＜0.05) and DNMT3a (U=198,P＜0.05).No significant difference was found comparing high expression (x2=1.5,P＞0.05) and positive cells (U=307,P＞0.05) of DNMT3b.When comparing invasive tumor tissues with non-invasive tumors,significant differences were shown between high expression (x2 =4.72,P＜0.05) and positive cells comparing DNMT1 (U=236,P＜0.05).No significant difference was shown in high expression (x2=3.53,0.84; P＞0.05) in DNMT3a and DNMT3b,or in comparison with positive cells (U=338,257; P＞0.05).The expression of DNMTs was positively correlated with the MIB-1 labeling index in RB tissues (R2=0.554,0.376,0.219; P＜0.05).Conclusion There are high expressions of DNMT1,3a,and 3b in RB.

Objective To observe the expression and relationship of high-mobility group A(HMGA) 1,HMGA2,MIB-1 labeling index (LI) and let-7 in retinoblastoma (RB).Methods Forty-four RB samples were studied,including 11 poorly differentiated samples,33 well-differentiated samples; eight invasive and 36 non-invasive samples.The expression of HMGA1,HMGA2 and MIB-1 LI in RB were analyzed by immunohistochemitry.The HMGA1,HMGA2 were scored on a scale of 0 to high expression.0: no expression ; low: 1％ - 10 ％ ; medium: 11 ％ - 50 ％ ; high: ＞50 ％.The MIB LI were scored on a scale of 0to high expression.O: no expression;low: 1％ - 40％;high: ＞ 40％.Semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to assay the let-7 expression level: ≥ 80％ showed no significantly decreased expression; 60％ - 79％ showed medium decrease in expression; ＜ 60％ highly decreased in expression.Results In 44 RB samples,there were 14 cases with no HMGA1 expression (32％),11 cases with low expression (25％),10 cases with medium expression (23％),and nine cases with high expression (20％).Expression level of HMGA1 was significantly higher in poorly differentiated RB than in well-differentiated RB (x2 =11.3,P＜0.01) ; however,no statistically significant difference was found between invasive tumors and noninvasive tumors (x2 -5.9,P＞0.05).There were 11 cases with no HMGA2 expression (25％),11 cases with low expression-(25％),nine cases with medium expression (20％),and 13 cases with high expression (30％).Expression level of HMGA2 was significantly higher in poorly differentiated and invasive RB than in well differentiated and noninvasive RB respectively (x2=20.9,8.7; P＜0.05).There were 4 cases with no MIB-1 LI expression (9％),18 cases with low expression (41％),and 22 cases with high expression (50％).Expression level of MIB1 LI was significantly higher in poorly differentiated RB than in well-differentiated RB (t=5.2,P＜0.05).Higher expression of MIB-1 LI was found in invasive tumors than in noninvasive tumors,with no significant difference (t=-1.1,P＞0.05).Twenty seven cases had no significantly decreased expression of let-7 (61％).There were eight cases with medium decreased expression (18％) and nine cases with highly decreased expression (21％).Correlation analyses revealed that MIB1 LI expression significantly correlated with HMGA1and HMGA2 proteins (r=0.327,0.602; P＜0.05).A significantly inverse correlation existed between let-7 expression and HMGA1,HMGA2 proteins and MIB-1LI respectively (r=-0.247,-0.310,-0.392; P＜0.05).Conclusions Overexpression of HMGA1,HMGA2 and MIB-1 LI and down regulation of let-7 were demonstrated in RB.Supplying let-7 to RB cells can possibly inhibit HMGA1 and HMGA2 expression.