Bilingual teaching is an important method to train international medical students.While the current bottleneck problem is the shortage of teachers during the exploration and practice in bilingual teaching. Proceeding from requirements and current situation of bilingual teachers, the following approaches should be taken to strengthen the teaching stuff construction of bilingual teaching: demonstration teaching, language training infiltrated in clinic job, guiding foreign students, preparing bilingual teaching materials and professional team building.

In the teaching of Medical Microbiology,the writers use problem based learning pattern and traditional teaching methods together to complement each other according to the characteristics of students. They improve the quality of teachers constantly,reform the old methods of teaching and evaluation system in order to improve the students'clinical work ability and train their innovation thoughts.

Colorimetry ; Coloring Agents ; Evaluation Studies as Topic ; Filtration ; methods ; Food ; Humans ; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted ; Mastication ; physiology ; Particle Size ; Time Factors

Yersinia enterocolitica,which is pertaining to pathogenetic Yersinia,is a human and animal pathogen found in most countries of the world.The microorganism is widely distributed in nature in aquatic and animals.It is transmitted through the respiratory tract or digestive tract.The epidemical seasons are mainly autumn and winter.Within a broad spectrum of clinical diseases,gastroenteritis is commonly encountered.To detect Yersinia enterocolitica,molecular biological method is the highest sensitive and special.

Objective:This article has summarized the second generation cognitive screening exam(NCSE) about it's subtests,methods of use,applicability,characteristics and flaws.

Objective In this study,we determined whether or not cancer-reactive cytotoxic T-lymphocytes(CTLs)could be induced from peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs)of colon cancer patients by in vitro stimulation with a PAP peptide.Methods The PBMCs of HLA-A24+ colon cancer patients and healthy donors were stimulated with a PAP213-221 peptide in vitro.The PAP-specific IFN-? was measured by ELISA.The cytotoxicity of CTLs were examined by 51Cr release assay.Results IFN-? produced by the PBMCs of 3 of 5 colon cancer patients and 1 of 8 healthy donors after incubation with PAP213-221 peptide pulsed C1R-A2402 cells were significantly higher then that after incubation with HIV peptide pulsed C1R-A2402 cells(P

Dental Porcelain ; classification ; Humans

To analyze the specific mechanism of Jinxueyuan granules, the relationship between the Jinxueyuan granules increased the saliva secretion of xerostomia model SD rats and excitement of receptors were studied in this experiment. In the study, three groups of xerostomia model rats were successfully established by using M-receptor blockers-4-diphenyl-acetoxy-N-methyl-piperidine (4-DAMP) and atropine, or adrenergic receptor blocker phentolamine; after the modeling, the medicine Jinxueyuan granules were gavaged. According to the clinical dose of Jinxueyuan granules and SD rats body surface area, the rats in atropine group were divided three dose groups respectively, namely low, medium and high dose of Jinxueyuan granules groups. The 4-DAMP group and phentolamine group were gavaged medium dose of Jinxueyuan granules. And the amount of salivary secretion for 150 minutes in all groups continuously were measured, and the effect of Jinxueyuan granules increased salivation and the relationship between characteristics and the receptors were observed; and submandibular gland tissue of the rats was isolated, then the effect of Jinxueyuan Granules for expression of the water channel protein aquaporin-5 (AQP5) in submandibular gland cells was analyzed by the Western blot technology. It was found that the saliva secretion of Jinxueyuan Granules groups was increased significantly, and compared with the saline control group, phentolamine group, 4-DAMP group and atropine group, difference was significant, P < 0.05. There was no significant difference between the low-dose of Jinxueyuan granules group and the saline group, but the medium dose of Jinxueyuan granules group had a significant difference, compared with the saline group (P < 0.05). In the time distribution of increasing saliva secretion, there was a significant difference between the saline and Jinxueyuan granules group in the saliva secretion (P < 0.05). After administration of Jinxueyuan granules, the expression of AQP5 protein in the submandibular gland cells expressing of treatment groups was increased, and compared with the blocker groups, there was a significant difference, P < 0.05. Except the atropine group, there was no significant difference in Jinxueyuan granules relieving the inhibition induced by blocks in phentolamine group and 4-DAMP group, compared with the saline group. Compared the AQP5 expression in three blockers groups, there was no significant difference in the efficacy of Jinxueyuan granules between phentolamine group and 4-DAMP group; but there was a significant difference between the atropine group and other groups (P < 0.05). Therefore, it was considered that the mechanism of Jinxueyuan granules increasing saliva secretion (effectiveness of nourishing Yin and generating body fluid ) possibly through the pathway mediated by muscarinic M receptor, especially M3 receptor, or adrenergic receptor, and increased expression of salivary gland AQP5 membrane, and then stimulate saliva production.
Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Male ; Rats ; Saliva ; secretion ; Salivary Glands ; drug effects ; secretion ; Xerostomia ; drug therapy ; metabolism

Objectives: To investigate the significance of CT multi-planar reconstruction of vertebral artery CT angiography(CTA) in C2 pedicle screw placement. Methods: The vertebral artery CTA images of 77 pa-tients were reviewed retrospectively by CT multi-planar reconstruction. The positions in three dimensions were adjusted according to the screw′s ideal direction, and the cross section of the screw passing through the pedicle was displayed based on CT multi-planar reconstruction. A circle was demarcated on the former plane to simulate the cross section of the screw. The diameter of the circle, the accommodation of screw in C2 pedicle, and the positions of the screw related to the vertebral artery were taken into account to assess the feasibility of pedicle screw placement. And meanwhile, the feasibility was assessed by measuring the inner di-ameters of pedicle complex. The results of the two methods were compared. Results: The simulation of place-ment of C2 pedicle screw basing on CT multi-planar reconstruction illustrated the accommodation of screw in C2 and its relationship with surrounding structures. According to this method, 10(13%) cases of left side and 19 (25%) cases of right side could not accommodate the circle with the diameter of 4mm and could not be placed pedicle screw, while operation was unavailable for 12(16%) cases of left side and 20(26%) cases of right side by measurement of inner diameters. The P value of McNamara test was 0.5 in the left and 1 in the right. There was no significant differences between the results of two methods(P>0.05). The result of Kap-pa test was 0.770 in the left and 0.732 in the right, and the P value of the Kappa test in the both sides was 0, which showed good consistency. Conclusions: The simulation of placing pedicle screw in axis basing on CT multi-planar reconstruction can illustrate the screw accommodation in C2 and its relationship with sur-rounding structures, which can provide good reference for the operation.

Objective To understand the protection knowledge and practice to cope with common respiratory infection in senior middle school students in Chengdu ,and to provide basis for carrying out school health education and the establishment intervention model of respiratory infection .Methods A self-administered questionnaire was conducted among 2 237 senior one students in two senior middle schools in Chengdu .Results In terms of basic knowledge of common respiratory diseases ,47 .47% of the students had adequate total awareness scores .Respiratory diseases cognitive knowledge was not comprehensive enough .Especially for the under-standing of certain knowledge ,there was misunderstanding .The awareness rates for prevention of respiratory diseases and the treat-ment of behavior were high ,and they were 87 .54% and 71 .43% ,respectively .Conclusion The senior middle school students in Chengdu have some education demand of respiratory disease ,and schools should strengthen publicity and health education .