The annual incidence of prostate cancer (PCa) continually increases. New PCa immune therapy has become the fourth line antitumor treatment following surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. As the most promising research direction in cancer immunotherapy,immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as programmed cell death-1 and programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) inhibitors, block PD-1 and its ligand PD-L1 and then terminate the negative control signal to the T cell, thereby facilitating T cell recovery and reversal of tumor immune-escaping mechanism. These processes restore the capability of T cells for immune response and inhibit and kill tumor cells. This review summarizes the progress on the current application of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in PCa clinical trials.

Lithium(Li) salt is. a kind of effective drug commonly used in the treatment and prevention of mental disorders, but its active mechanism is still not well understood. Getting on for twenty years, many research have been reported on relationship between Li salt and second messenger system, especially the effect of Li salt on adenylate cyclase. Identical result is not obtained and there are few reports on brain calmodulin (CaM) activity change by Li salt. The aim of present expcri- ment is to determine the content of CaM in raet brain by phosphodiesterase (PED) method after chronic application of Li salt and discuss preliminary the molecular mechanism of Li salt action. The result showed that marked change has happened in the content of CaM in rat brain after chronic application of Li salt. It is ins-plied that Li salt brings its action into play probably by changing the content of CaM in rat brain

Thyroglobulin antibody (TGA) production in vitro by cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients with autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) was measured by ELISA technique. PBMC from patients with AITD could synthesize and secret detectable amount of TGA. The average positive rate of TGA production in vitro was 31.25%. PBMC from the patients with Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) could produce TGA more easily than that from the patients with Graves'disease (GD). The average positive rate was 44.19% in HT and 16.22% in GD. Pokeweed mitogen could increase TGA production, but soluable thyroglobulin could not stimulate TGA synthesis and secretion. Antithyroid drug methi-mazole had some inhibition effect on TGA production in vitro. A significant positive correlation between the serum TGA and the amount of TGA produced in vitro by PBMC from HT patients (r = 0.4, P

Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Fatty Liver ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Phytotherapy ; methods ; trends

Mutual promotion, mutual assistance and mutual inhibition are commonly for the compatibility of Chinese herbs, but they are also existed among the acupoints. In the paper, the relevant literature on acupoint, compatibility was collected and the mutual promotion, mutual assistance and mutual inhibition relationships of acupoints were described. The laws of the above mentioned combinations, the theoretic evidences and modern researches were summarized briefly. The mutual promotion and mutual assistance refer to the coordination of acupoints, presenting the relationship of the primary and the secondary about the mutual assistance. Hereby, the acupoints could be divided into the simple assistant acupoints and the acupoints from the affected meridians. The mutual inhibition is used to describe the antagonism effect in acupoint combination. There are more researches on the mutual promotion of acupoint combination but less ones on the mutual inhibition and its mechanism is just hypothetic. It is very important to have the deep study on those compatibility relationships for the improvement of acupuncture efficacy and to elaborate the effect mechanism.
Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; history ; China ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Medicine in Literature ; Meridians

Drug Compounding ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Terminology as Topic ; Translations

Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Teaching ; methods ; Terminology as Topic ; Translations

Objective To summarize the management and diagnosis of testicular tumors in children.Methods The clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment and outcome of patients with pediatric testicular tumors, who were referred to Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University from January 2003 to December 2013 ,were analyzed retrospectively.Results All of the 76 prepubertal patients were diagnosed initially with a painless scrotal mass.The mean age of the patients at diagnosis ranged from 1 to 156 months[mean(32.3 ±4.4) months].There were 39 cases(51.3％) with ages of0-1 years,18 cases (23.7％) with ages of 1-3 years,10 cases (13.2％) with ages of ＞ 3-7 years,9 cases(11.8％) with ages of ＞ 7-14 years.There were 37 cases in left side and 39 cases in right.And there were 59 cases (77.6％)of benign tumors and 17 cases(22.4％)of malignant tumors.Of the benign tumors,42 cases(55.2％)were teratomas, including 34 cases of mature teratoma and 8 cases of immature teratoma;11 cases were epidermoid cyst;11 cases were other benign tumors as lymphangioma.Among the 17 cases of malignant tumors, 16 cases (21.1％) were yolk sac tumors, which were I stage;1 case was embryoma.Thirty-three patients had abnormal alpha fetoprotein (AFP)concentrations before surgery,including 9 patients with mature teratoma,7 patients with immature teratoma, 16 patients with yolk sac tumors, 1 patient with embryonal carcinoma of testis.Of the 59 cases of benign tumors,testis-sparing surgery was done in 50 tumors, the other 9 patients underwent testis-excising because of tumor severely oppressing testis.All the 17 cases of malignant tumors underwent testis-excising.There were 76 cases in the follow-up.One patient with yolk sac tumor died for pulmonary metastasis during the follow-up.Others were alive and free of tumor recurrence.Conclusions The age range of the prepubertal testicular onset was 1 year or younger, most of the tumors were benign, and the most common subtype was teratoma.AFP highly expressed in yolk sac tumors, it was help to diagnosis.Testis-sparing surgery should be performed for the benign tumors and testis-excising for the malignant tumors.

Objective To review the characteristics,mechanism,the brain structural and functional changes of cognitive impairment induced by sleep-disordered breathing in children.Methods The retrieve time was from 2002 to 2014 and the retrieve databases were the US.national library of medicine and Weipu Chinese journal databases.Search word included sleep disorders breathing, cognitive, sleep apnea syndrome, neurobehavioralmanifestations,image,sleep deprivation.Results 52 English literature and 1 Chinese literature were accepted.Most literatures were clinical trial, comparative study, multicenter study, randomized controlled trial, controlled clinical trial.Conclusion The study in the cognitive impairment and characteristics change of the brain function and structure in children with SDB is not enough.Most cognitive assessments are completed by scale.How to diagnosis early,more objectively assess cognitive, study molecular mechanisms, study function change and positioning of brain function need more research in clinical.

Objective To explore the clinical features and SQSTM1/p62 gene mutations in Chinese Han patients with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis linked superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) mutation (FALS-SOD1).Methods A total of 13 FALS-SOD1 probands and 100 healthy controls were studied,with DNA extracted from the peripheral blood.Sequencing was carried out at 8 exons,intron-exon boundaries and promoter region (2-kb upstream from the coding sequence) of SQSM1/p62.Clinical data were collected and all patients were followed-up.Phenotype-genotype relationship was analyzed.Results The insertion of T was found in intron 5 of SQSTM1/p62 gene [+ 1 insert T (TT ＞ TG)] in a FALS-SOD1 G16A male proband,with limbs as the symptom onset and faster disease progression than the other two SOD1 G16A probands without SQSTM1/p62 gene mutation.Conclusions The insertion of T in the intron 5 of SQSTM1/ p62 gene may promote the ALS progression by damaging p62 function in the FALS-SOD1 G16A proband.