PURPOSE: This study examined the influencing factors on antenatal depression among pregnant women. METHODS: This was a cross sectional descriptive study with 255 pregnant women who visited a general hospital in a metropolitan city for their regularly scheduled check-up. Measurement tools employed were the Korean version of Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the food habits, and the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Socio-demographic variables and the status of high risk pregnancy were identified. Influencing factors on antenatal depression were identified using a stepwise multiple regression analysis. RESULTS: The mean score of antenatal depression was 7.2 +/- 5.0; 18.4% with mild depression, 5.9% had moderate depression, with 0.8% identified with severe depression on BDI scale. Influencing factors on antenatal depression accounted for 47.8% of the total variance which consisted of quality of sleep, marital satisfaction, food habits, gestation periods, sexual satisfaction, high risk pregnancy, and age. CONCLUSION: Findings show that antenatal depression should be monitored on a regular basis during early pregnancy and in high risk pregnancy if possible, and quality of sleep and food habits should be incorporated in the management of antenatal depression.
Depression ; Female ; Food Habits ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, High-Risk ; Pregnant Women ; Prenatal Care

PURPOSE: This study was done to evaluate the effects of antenatal depression on birth outcomes. METHODS: The participants were 255 pregnant women who were followed in a prospective study. Of these, 197 cases were examined included birth weight, Apgar scores at 5 minute, premature contraction, complication of labor, delivery types and laboratory data. Descriptive statistics, ANOVA, Chi square test of linear by linear association, Kruskal Wallis test, Relative Risk, univariate and adjusted multiple logistic regression were used for data analysis with SPSS/Win. RESULTS: Level of antenatal depression was associated with low birth weight (chi2=7.69, p=.010). High risk pregnancy was a predictor of low birth weight (OR=6.98 [1.21-40.30]) and baby's weight (OR=2.12, [1.05-4.28]). Prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) was a predictor of complications in labor (OR=3.59, [1.03-12.48]). But there were no significant effects of antenatal depression on other birth outcomes. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that women with antenatal depression, high risk pregnancy, prepregnancy BMI> or =23 kg/M2 should be monitored and managed to ensure favorable birth outcomes.
Adult ; Apgar Score ; Body Mass Index ; Cohort Studies ; Delivery, Obstetric ; *Depression ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Odds Ratio ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications ; Prospective Studies ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Women/*psychology

This study was to examine the differences in health belief variables and HPV (Human Papillomavirus) knowledge in Pap smears according to the stages of change using Trans-theoretical Model (TTM) among married nurses. METHODS: The research design was a cross sectional survey. Participants were 387 married nurses working in general hospital located metropolitan city. Measurement variables were perceived threatening, perceived severity, benefits of Pap, HPV knowledge and stages of the change in Pap smear. RESULTS: Classified stages were pre-contemplation 3.9%, contemplation 17.8%, relapsing 29.5%, action 31.0%, and maintenance 17.8%. Accuracy rate of HPV knowledge were low ranging from 15% to 45%. Among the variables, perceived threatening (F=3.56, p=.007), perceived severity (F=9.73, p<.001) and HPV knowledge (F=7.52, p<.001) were significantly different by stages of change. CONCLUSION: Application of TTM to Pap smears was efficient to know the nurse's level of health behaviors, Health belief variables and HPV knowledge were main factors to identify the stages of change. The continuation of Pap smears and the education in relation to HPV knowledge should be encouraged for married nurses.
Cross-Sectional Studies ; Health Behavior ; Health Status ; Hospitals, General ; Research Design ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; Vaginal Smears

Branch retinal vein occlusion(BRVO), along with central retinal vein occlusion, is second only to diabetic retinopathy as a cause of retinal vascular disease. It has been suggested that eyes with shorter axial length have smaller lamina cribrosa and a narrower scleral canal through which the central retinal vein and artery could pass, causing physical blockage in the vein which predisposes to thrombus formation. The subsequent narrowing of the venous lumen will lead to trubulence. reduced flow, venous stasis and thrombus formation at the level of the arteriovenous crossing. This study was conducted to determine whether there was any difference between the axial lengths of eyes with BRVO and those of control eyes. The axial lengths of the eyes in the group of 37 patients with a unilateral BRVO was compared with those of eyes in the control group. The BRVO group consisted of 23 male and 14 female patients and their mean ages were 61.5+/-7.0 years(51~75years) in male and 63.7+/-7.0 years(52~76years) in female. The control group consisted of 46 male and 28 female patients and their mean ages were 62.5+/-6.5 years(50~73years) in male and 63.9+/-6.1 years(52~75years) in female. The mean axial length of eyes of the BRVO group was 23.08+/-0.57mm(21.92~24.19mm) in male and 22.71+/-0.65mm(21.08~24.00mm) in female. The mean axial length of control eyes was 23.74+/-0.73mm(22.46~25.24mm) in male and 23.18+/-0.81mm(21.62~24.76mm) in female. The difference between the mean axial length of eyes of the BRVO group and that of control eyes was statistically significant(p<0.05). In conclusion, the short axial length may play as a risk factor in the occurrence of a BRVO.
Arteries ; Diabetic Retinopathy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Retinal Vein Occlusion* ; Retinal Vein* ; Retinaldehyde* ; Risk Factors* ; Thrombosis ; Vascular Diseases ; Veins

PURPOSE: This study aimed to examine the factors associated with postpartum depression and its influence on maternal identity of postpartum women. METHODS: Research design was a cross sectional descriptive study with a total of 89 women within the six month postpartum period. Associations of eating habits, overall sleep quality and other factors with postpartum depression utilizing the Korean Beck Depression Inventory (K-BDI) were done. The influence of postpartum depression on maternal identity was analyzed. Variables yielding significant associations (p<.05) were included in an adjusted logistic regression and a stepwise multiple regression. RESULTS: Mean scores of postpartum depression was 9.42+/-6.08 and 31.5% (n=28) for mild depression, 11.2% (n=10) was moderate and 4.5% (n=4) was severe depression on the K-BDI scale. Perceived health status and overall sleep quality were predictors of postpartum depression. Postpartum depression and the husband's love were predictors of maternal identity. CONCLUSION: Awareness of poor health perception and sleep quality will be helpful to detect for postpartum depression. Strategies to increase maternal identity during the postpartum period would be tailored by level of depression.
Depression ; Depression, Postpartum* ; Eating ; Female ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Love ; Postpartum Period* ; Research Design

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Korean version of the Sexuality Attitudes and Beliefs Survey (SABS) and to assess SABS for Korean nurses. METHODS: The Korean version of SABS was developed through forward-backward translation techniques. Internal consistency reliability and construct validity using confirmatory factor analysis were conducted using PASW+ PC Win (18.0) and AMOS (18.0). Data were collected from 567 nurses who worked in one of six general hospitals across the country. RESULTS: The Korean version of SABS showed a reliable internal consistency with Cronbach's alpha of subscales ranging from .59 to .73. Factor loadings of the 10 items of three subscales ranged from .38 to .83. The three subscales model were validated by confirmatory factor analysis (GFI>.97, RMSEA<.05). Sexuality attitudes and beliefs for Korean nurses were more negative than that of European or American nurses. The SABS scores for Korean nurses were significantly different according to age, marriage, education, clinical experiences, and feeling about sexuality. CONCLUSION: The Korean version of SABS has satisfactory construct validity and reliability to measure Korean nurses' attitudes and belief toward sexuality. Education is essential to enhance importance and self-efficacy and to relieve barriers to addressing patients' sexuality.
Adult ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Attitude of Health Personnel ; Female ; Humans ; Nursing Staff/*psychology ; *Program Evaluation ; Questionnaires ; Republic of Korea ; *Sexuality ; Translating

Under the Korean Association of External Quality Assessment Service,autoimmune proficiency testings (PT) for six test items were performed in2018–2019 for laboratory quality improvement. We conducted two trials peryear and sent three PT materials for anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) testing andtwo PT materials for anti-mitochondrial antibody (AMA), anti-smooth muscleantibody (SMA), anti-thyroglobulin antibody (anti-Tg), anti-thyroperoxidaseantibody (anti-TPO), and anti-double stranded DNA antibody (anti-dsDNA)testing in each trial. The analysis was conducted based on the informationand results of each test item entered by the laboratory. The report comprisedof a common report that showed the characteristics of all the participatinglaboratories and a laboratory-specific report that showed the assessmentdata of individual laboratories. The intended response rates for ANA, AMA,SMA, and anti-dsDNA qualitative tests were over 97.5%, 88.2%, 85.0%, and90.4%, respectively. The coefficient of variations for anti-Tg and anti-TPO was10.4%–70.1% and 16.6%–21.0%, respectively. The number of participatinglaboratories in 2019 was more than that in 2018. We believe this statisticalreport will be useful to interpret external PT results and set up autoimmuneassays at each laboratory.

After publishing 2001 version of the Korean Medication Algorithm for Schizophrenia, the strategy of pharmacologic treatment for schizophrenia has been altered with the rapid advancement in the area of psychopharmacology. Currently, the feasibility of this algorithm has been evaluated. Guidelines require updating when significant new evidence appears. Recently, several guidelines of the treatment of schizophrenia including the APA practice guideline, the Expert Consensus Guideline Series and the Texas Medication Algorithm Project (TMAP) Antipsychotic Algorithm for Schizophrenia were revised. In this review, the authors briefly discussed the problems and limitations of the Korean Medication Algorithm for Schizophrenia and presented the direction of future revision on the model of above-mentioned guidelines.
Consensus ; Drug Therapy ; Methods* ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Psychopharmacology ; Schizophrenia* ; Texas

No abstract available.
Churg-Strauss Syndrome* ; Humans ; Vasculitis*

We experienced two cases of convulsive seizure, accompanied with tachycardia and hypertension following spinal anesthesia for inguinal herniorrhaphy and skin graft. Spinal anesthesia was performed with teracaine, 10% dextrose solution and epinephrine. Tranexamic acid was used instead of 10% dextrose solution inadvertently. About 2 hours after spinal anesthesia, the patients developed spastic rigidity at the upper extremities and chest wall that progressed to episthotonus and seizure preceded by tachycardia and hypertension. About 40 hours after vigorous symptomatic treatment using mechanical ventilator, oxygen, short acting barbiturate, antihypertensive drugs and anticonvulsants, the patients had recovered completely with clear mental state. And they didn't show any other neurologic deficits except amnesia.
Amnesia ; Anesthesia, Spinal ; Anticonvulsants ; Antihypertensive Agents ; Epinephrine ; Glucose ; Herniorrhaphy ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Muscle Spasticity ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Oxygen ; Seizures* ; Skin ; Subarachnoid Space* ; Tachycardia ; Thoracic Wall ; Tranexamic Acid* ; Transplants ; Upper Extremity ; Ventilators, Mechanical