Purpose: : Intensive care unit (ICU) diaries have been implemented across the international ICU community. This study aimed to comprehend the meaning and nature of the lived experience of patients’ families using the ICU diary in Korea. Methods: : This qualitative study adopted van Manen’s hermeneutic phenomenology. The participants comprised eight women and two men who were the family members of patients in the ICU for more than three days. Data were collected using in-depth interviews and observation from July 2018 to January 2019. Results: : Patients’ families who experienced the ICU diary recognized it with six beings according to time: a good idea, forgotten stuff, burdensome work, touching service, my stuff, and a thing in the memory. The ICU diary had three essential meanings for the families: communication, solace and hope, and a record of life. These findings were rearranged according to van Manen’s fundamental existential, and the lived things and lived others were remarkably confirmed. Conclusion : Patients’ families experienced various ICU diary forms over time and recognized an ICU diary as a means of communication. Therefore, the ICU diary is expected to be used as an intervention between families and healthcare providers in the ICU to support mutual communication.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of soft chelating irrigant on the sealing ability of root fillings by using a glucose leakage test. A total of 45 single-rooted teeth were selected for the study. The teeth were decoronated leaving a total length of 13mm. The root canals prepared using K3 NiTi rotary instruments to an apical dimension of size 45(0.06 taper). The specimens were then randomly divided into 3 experimental groups of 13 roots each and 2 control groups of 3 roots each. Specimen in each group were prepared with different irrigation protocols : group 1, 2.5% NaOCl; group 2, 2.5% NaOCl and 17% EDTA; group 3, 2.5% NaOCl and 15% HEBP. The root canals were filled with gutta-percha and AH Plus sealer using lateral condensation. After 7 days in 37degrees C, 100% humidity, the coronal-to-apical microleakage was evaluated quantitatively using a glucose leakage model. The leaked glucose concentration was measured with spectrophotometry at 1, 4, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. There was a tendency of increase in leakage in all experimental groups during experimental period. HEBP-treated dentin showed no significant difference with EDTA-treated dentin during experimental period. From the 21th day onward, HEBP-treated dentin showed significantly lower leakage than smear-covered dentin. HEBP-treated dentin displayed a similar sealing pattern to EDTA-treated dentin and a better sealing ability than smear-covered dentin. Consequently, a soft chelator(HEBP) could be considered as the possible alternative to EDTA.
Dental Pulp Cavity ; Dentin ; Edetic Acid ; Epoxy Resins ; Glucose ; Gutta-Percha ; Humidity ; Root Canal Filling Materials ; Smear Layer ; Spectrophotometry ; Tooth

OBJECTIVE: The authors report a retrospective analysis of the clinical effect of dorsal root entry zone (DREZ) lesioning for neuropathic intractable pain. METHODS: Fourteen patients who underwent dorsal root entry zone lesioning for various types of pain between September 1995 and August 2001 were evaluated retrospectively. Eleven male and three female patients whose ages ranging from 35 to 70 were studied. According to causes of intractable pain, patients were divided into paraplegic pain(7 patients), peripheral nerve injury pain(3), cancer pain(3), phantom limb pain(1) and root avulsion pain(1). Other preoperative pain managements showed no benificial effects. The changes in painful symtoms were closely observed during follow up period. The mean follow period after operation was 32.4 months. RESULTS: Postoperatively, the decrease in level of pain was classified into four groups : excellent, good, fair, poor. Excellent represented no pain without medication : Good, pain tolerable with non-opiate medicine ; Fair, pain tolerable with opiate medicine ; Poor, pain sustained. After operation, three patients were in excellent group, eight in good, one in fair, and two in poor. Twelve patients were in medically tolerable pain group accounting for 85.7%. There were no serious operation releated side effects. CONCLUSION: DREZ lesioning, in our series, provided substantial pain relief and this may be considered an option in management of these types of intractable neuropathic pain.
Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Neuralgia ; Pain Management ; Pain, Intractable* ; Peripheral Nerve Injuries ; Phantom Limb ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Nerve Roots*

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to compare the film thicknesses of several resin cements as a function of time after mixing and to examine the effect of working time on the film thicknesses. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The film thickness (microm) of 4 resin cements (n=10), 1 composite resin (Panavia F 2.0), 3 self-adhesive resin (Clearfil SA luting, Zirconite, RelyX U200) cements was measured at 20-second intervals after mixing of the cements up to 200 seconds under a load of 50 N. Linear regression was fitted to verify the effect of working time on the film thickness of each cement. Data were compared to the working time recommended by manufacturers using Wilcoxon test (alpha=.05). RESULTS: All of the materials showed a positive linear correlation between the film thickness and working time. There was no statistically significant difference between the working time based on our results and the values recommended by the manufacturers even though there was a discrepancy between those two values. CONCLUSION: The film thickness of resin cements could increase with the increase of working time. Working time to meet the ISO standard of 50-microm maximum film thickness could be different from the manufacturer's recommended value.
Linear Models ; Resin Cements ; Resins, Synthetic*

Sacroiliac (SI) joint pain can result from degeneration, infection, malignancy, and trauma. Patients with metastatic bone pain who do not respond to conventional treatment may need more aggressive neuroinvasive approaches. Recently, pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) neuromodulation has emerged as a promising treatment alternative for refractory cases of SI joint pain. Nevertheless, there is no report on the treatment of pain arising from SI joint metastases with PRF. We are reporting about a 63-year-old woman suffering from buttock pain due to breast cancer metastases in the SI joint. We treated this patient with PRF neuromodulation of the L4-S3 primary dorsal rami and lateral branches using a rotating curved needle technique. The patient tolerated the procedures well, without any complications. She experienced about 70% reduction in pain, and pain relief was sustained for 10 months. This result suggests that PRF neuromodulation is a safe, effective treatment for pain from SI joint metastases.
Arthralgia ; Breast Neoplasms ; Buttocks ; Female ; Humans ; Joints ; Middle Aged ; Needles ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Sacroiliac Joint*

We evaluated the role of endoscopic laser therapy and strip biopsy in the treatment of gastric flat adenoma. Over a period of three years, l6 adenomas in 13 patients were ablated with laser irradiation, while 10 adenomas in 7 patients were removed with strip biopsy. The size of adenomas, which ranged from 0.5 cm to 3.5 cm in diameter(mean 1.7 cm) showed no significant difference between the two treatment groups. All of the adenomas were successfully treated with either method and no complications occurred such as bleeding or perforation. The overall one-year recurrence rate was 6.2%. The recurrent adenoma was retreated successfully. We conclude that both endoscopic laser therapy and strip biopsy are safe and effective modalities in the treatment of gastric flat adenoma, but strip biopay may be preferred over laser therapy because the former enables us to examine the resected specimen.
Adenoma* ; Biopsy ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Laser Therapy ; Recurrence ; Stomach

We evaluated the role of endoscopic laser therapy and strip biopsy in the treatment of gastric flat adenoma. Over a period of three years, l6 adenomas in 13 patients were ablated with laser irradiation, while 10 adenomas in 7 patients were removed with strip biopsy. The size of adenomas, which ranged from 0.5 cm to 3.5 cm in diameter(mean 1.7 cm) showed no significant difference between the two treatment groups. All of the adenomas were successfully treated with either method and no complications occurred such as bleeding or perforation. The overall one-year recurrence rate was 6.2%. The recurrent adenoma was retreated successfully. We conclude that both endoscopic laser therapy and strip biopsy are safe and effective modalities in the treatment of gastric flat adenoma, but strip biopay may be preferred over laser therapy because the former enables us to examine the resected specimen.
Adenoma* ; Biopsy ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Laser Therapy ; Recurrence ; Stomach

PURPOSE: Chemotherapies for breast cancer generally have strong cellular cytotoxicity and severe side effects. Thus, significant emphasis has been placed on combinations of naturally occurring chemopreventive agents. Silibinin is a major bioactive flavonolignan extracted from milk thistle with chemopreventive activity in various organs including the skin, prostate, and breast. However, the mechanism underlying the inhibitory action of silibinin in breast cancer has not been completely elucidated. Therefore, we investigated the effect of silibinin in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells and determined whether silibinin enhances ultraviolet (UV) B-induced apoptosis. METHODS: The effects of silibinin on MCF-7 cell viability were determined using the MTT assay. The effect of silibinin on PARP cleavage, as the hallmark of apoptotic cell death, and p53 protein expression in MCF-7 cells was analyzed using Western blot. The effect of silibinin on UVB-induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells was analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS: A dose- and time-dependent reduction in viability was observed in MCF-7 cells treated with silibinin. Silibinin strongly induced apoptotic cell death in MCF-7 cells, and induction of apoptosis was associated with increased p53 expression. Moreover, silibinin enhanced UVB-induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells. CONCLUSION: Silibinin induced a loss of cell viability and apoptotic cell death in MCF-7 cells. Furthermore, the combination of silibinin and UVB resulted in an additive effect on apoptosis in MCF-7 cells. These results suggest that silibinin might be an important supplemental agent for treating patients with breast cancer.
Apoptosis ; Blotting, Western ; Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Cell Death ; Cell Survival ; Humans ; MCF-7 Cells ; Milk Thistle ; Prostate ; Silymarin ; Skin

Pancreatic arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are rare, and most cases occur as congenital anomalies. Many patients with AVM are asymptomatic, but occasionally present with abdominal pain or gastrointestinal bleeding. The increased portal vein flow that forms these malformations can lead to portal hypertension and gastrointestinal bleeding in the absence of primary liver pathology. Early diagnosis can lead to successful surgical resection or percutaneous transarterial embolization. We report a case of a patient with pancreatic AVM in the tail of the pancreas, in which endoscopic ultrasonography was helpful. This patient presented with abdominal pain and was subsequently treated with distal pancreatectomy.
Abdominal Pain ; Arteriovenous Malformations ; Early Diagnosis ; Endosonography ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hypertension, Portal ; Liver ; Pancreas ; Pancreatectomy ; Pancreatitis ; Portal Vein

A 65-year-old female visited us due to gait disturbance. A neurological examination showed cognitive impairment, dystonia, myoclonus, bradykinesia, postural instability, and freezing of gait (FOG). She was diagnosed with extrapontine myelinolysis based on her history of hyponatremia and high signal intensities (HSIs) in both striata on T2-weighted images. Her neurological problems including FOG improved over 25 days. In a follow-up MRI 50 days after the onset, HSIs disappeared in the striata but new ones appeared in the pons. FOG may have been related to striatal dysfunction in this patient.
Aged ; Cognition Disorders ; Dystonia ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Freezing* ; Gait* ; Humans ; Hypokinesia ; Hyponatremia ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Myelinolysis, Central Pontine* ; Myoclonus ; Neurologic Examination ; Pons ; Weather