With the development of modern medical detection technology,the requirement for ophthalmic diagnosis is raised,and many new measurement methods begin to apply in research and clinical,which makes the detection methods in the field of ophthalmology more accurate and comfortable.Optical coherence tomography angiography is a novel and noninvasive flow imaging technique,and it has the advantages of high resolution,fast scanning,as well as quantifying blood flow.Meanwhile,this technique can not only qualitatively analyze the shape of ocular blood vessels,but also be able to measure the ocular blood vessels and blood flow non-invasively,as well as to assess the depth of lesions.At present,with a wide clinical application in ophthalmology,optical coherence tomography angiography will be reviewed in this paper.

Cerebral infarction is a polygenic disease caused by genetic factors and environmental factors.The first discovery in the Icelanders is that the ALOX5AP and PDE4D gene polymorphism may be associated with cerebral infarction.So far,many conclusions of foreign studies are still controversial.This article will summarize the research status and the progress of these two genes.

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the vascular walls. As the essential mediators of inflammation, cytokines play important roles in atherosclerosis. Through widespread and penetrating studies, many cytokines, such as TNF-, IL-1, IL-6 and IFN-, are found involved in the development of atherosclerosis, as well as the related signal transduction pathways such as the NF- B pathway, the JNK / AP-1 pathway, and the JAK / STAT pathway. This implies that cytokines have a favorable perspective of clinical application. A few cytokines are identified as biomarkers, which help the early diagnosis of the disease and estimation of the risk of the clinical vascular events. Meanwhile, great progress has been made on the cytokine-targeted treatment of atherosclerosis, providing a novel therapy in the treatment of the disease.

Chlamydia pneumoniae(Cpn) is one of the most common pathogens causing human respiratory tract infection.They cause acute respiratory tract infection,atherosclerosis and many other diseases. Cpn infection often recur or remain persistent,which may induce Th1-type response.At the same time,antibody-mediated immune and Toll like receptor play an auxiliary role.In this review,the author summarized advances in the immune response to Chlamydia pneumoniae infection.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; drug therapy ; immunology ; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active ; Child ; China ; HIV Infections ; drug therapy ; immunology ; Humans ; Male ; Research

Crisis Intervention ; Disasters ; Humans ; Stress, Psychological ; prevention & control

China ; Humans ; Mental Health ; Public Health Practice

OBJECTIVE To explore the status of nosocomial infection,infection sites of patients and susceptible factors of infection in neuro-intensive care unit(NICU) in order to correspondently prevent and control the occurrence of nosocomial infection.METHODS The clinical data of 471 patients admitted to NICU from Mar 2005 to Feb 2006 were investigated retrospectively.RESULTS Out of 471 cases in one year,a total of 90 cases of nosocomial infection were found.The rate of nosocomial infection was 19.11%.Among the nosocomial infection sites,the respiratory tract was the most frequent one(46.67%).The second was urinary tract(44.17%).The patients aged of more than 60 years,or with urethral catheter,mechanical ventilation,vein intubations,or with long medical intubation suffered infection more susceptibly than other patients.The infection rate of nosocomial infection was significantly different from hospitalization group.Sex was not evidently related to nosocomial infection.CONCLUSIONS The rate of nosocomial infection in NICU is largely higher than the total rate of infection.The susceptible factors are age,long-term hospitalization,invasive operations and long medical intubation.

Objective To clone the 5′ non-coding region (NCR) of human interferon-?-inducible protein 10(IP-10), and to identify the transcriptional activity of IP-10 promoter induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Methods Genomic DNA of lymphocytes was isolated from the human blood. With above DNA as the template, the 5'NCR of human IP-10 was amplified by nest polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Then, the IP-10 promoter was cloned into luciferase reporter vector, pGL3. The recombined vector was transfected into HUVEC, and then the activity of the luciferase was determined after the cells were stimulated by LPS. Results Human IP-10 promoter was obtained and the pGL3/IP-10 was successfully constructed. Moreover, the activity of luciferase driven by human IP-10 promoter was observed to obviously increase in the HUVEC stimulated by LPS. Conclusion We successfully cloned human IP-10 promoter, constructed luciferase reporter vector driven by the human IP-10 promoter, and confirmed that high transcriptional activity of human IP-10 promoter was induced by LPS in HUVEC. The results supplied an experimental base for the further study of the transcriptional regulation of human IP-10.

[Objective]The intervention of electroacupuncture (EA) on chronic inflammation and cyclooxygenase-1/-2 mRNA expressions in rats with II collagen-induced arthritis was observed in vivo, so as to discuss the effect of EA on chronic inflammation and its pivotal mechanism. [Method]Wistar rats immunized intradermally with bovine type II collagen, were served as the animal models of chronic inflammation. EA stimulation, begun on day 11 after the injection, was applied at the acupoint equivalent to ST36 for continuous 10 times. Indomethacin and refecoxib were used respectively as the control treatments of NSAID inhibitor and COX-2 selective inhibitor. The arthritic index, swelling volume of paw and concentrations of prostaglandin E_2 (PGE_2) of local tissue were investigated. Furthermore, we investigated the impact of EA on the levels of COX-1 mRNA and COX-2 mRNA in synovial tissues and gastric mucosa of inflammatory rats by using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). [Results]All collagen-injected rats developed chronic inflammation of paws. EA remarkably reduced the paw swellings of rats on day 16 and day 21 and attenuated the severity of arthritis from the day 14 to day 21. The levels of PGE_2 in the inflammatory tissues of swollen paws were also lowered by EA. EA stimulation obviously down-regulated the expression of COX-2 mRNA in synovial tissue, but did not influence the level of COX-1 mRNA expressed in gastric mucosa. Indomethacin and refecoxib also strongly down-regulated COX-2 expression in synovial tissue. However, either indomethacin or refecoxib strongly affected the COX-1 mRNA expressions in gastric mucosa. [Conclusion] EA has a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect on collagen-induced arthritis, and the pivotal mechanism and also the advantage of its therapeutic result may be due to selective suppression of COX-2 gene activation, without destroying COX-1 activity in stomach.