Abstract?AIM:To investigate the clinical effect of orthokeratology for 400 juvenile with myopia astigmatism and its effects on corneal endothelial cells.?METHODS:Four hundred patients(800 eyes), of whom the average age was 11.5 ±2.3 years old, 239 male, 161 female, were divided into two groups: orthokeratology group and spectacles group. Parameters including efficacy data ( uncorrected visual acuity, corneal curvature, axial length and diopter ) and corneal endothelial cell data ( count of endothelial cell, endothelial cell density, fluorescein staining and central corneal thickness) were observed at 1d, 1, 6, 12 and 24mo after wearing.? RESULTS: The visual acuity of spectacles group recovered to normal after wearing, that of orthokeratology group recovered to normal at 1mo after wearing.At 2a after wearing, the corneal curvature, diopter of orthokeratology group decreased significantly (40.09 ±0.31D, 0.23 ±0.06D respectively); while those of spectacles group increased, the differences between the two groups were significant (P<0.05).The axial length of the two groups increased slightly at 1mo after wearing ( P>0.05 ) compared to those before wearing. At 2a after wearing, the axial length of the two groups were 23.96 ± 0.38mm, 26.49±0.88mm respectively (P<0.05).At 2a after wearing, central corneal thickness was 527.33 ± 27.69mm, 526.98±26.89μm(P>0.05).The count of endothelial cell and endothelial cell density both decreased after wearing without significant differences (P>0.05).?CONCLUSION: Orthokeratology has less effect on the corneal endothelial cells, no obvious adverse reactions and can control the prognosis of myopia.

Objective　To observe the effect of repairing the articular cartilage defects with tissue-engineered cartilaginous grafts in rabbits. 　Methods　 A total of 60 rabbits were divided into the cartilage graft group, the pure carrier control group and the blank control group. In the cartilage graft group, the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) of the rabbits were obtained by isolating and culturing the bone marrow aspirates in vitro. The culture system that facilitates the chondrogenous differentiation of MSCs in rabbits was established. The tissue engineering cartilaginous graft was composed of chondrogenetic MSCs, bovine type Ⅰ collagen and human fibrin. Then transplantations of the cartilaginous grafts were performed to repair articular cartilage defects in rabbits. 　Results　Hyaloid cartilage was formed within the defects repaired with the grafts at 12 weeks after transplantation by analyzing the content of type Ⅱ collagen and metachromatism. In the control groups, the fibrous cartilage repair was observed first, then the fibrous tissues and bone repairs were found. 　Conclusions　 The cartilaginous graft through tissue engineering is a promising graft for repairing articular cartilage defects.

Objective　To study the feasibility of constructing tissue engineered cartilage by differentiated rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(MSC) cultured in vitro and in vivo. Methods　The MSC were isolated from the nucleated cells fraction of autologous bone marrow by density gradient centrifuge, and then induced into chondrogenic differentiation by adding dexamethasone, transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1) and ascorbic acid in vitro. After 3 weeks, some cells turned to round shape and secreted metachromatic matrix. The cartilaginoid grafts composed of chondrogenic MSC. Bovine type Ⅰ collagen and human fibrin were cultured within the chondrogenic medium for 2 weeks in vitro or transplanted subcutaneously adjacent to the knee joint for 3 weeks in vivo. Results　The most cells in the grafts were degenerated and disappeared after cultured in vitro. But the residual cells were survival and secreted metachromatic staining proteoglycan with toluidine blue, which was characteristic cartilage matrix. The grafts developed into matured cartilage tissue assessed by histological examination after 3 weeks of transplantation in vivo. Conclusion　MSC can be used as functional cells to constructing tissue engineered cartilage.

A questionnaire survey was conducted in 114 medical students of 4th year in eight-year program before and after community clerkship of general practice.The survey showed that there were significant differences in the awareness of the function and features of community health service,the doctorpatient relationship and the difference with large hospitals before and after community clerkship (P ＜ 0.05).The willingness of students to work in the community health service was low (P ＞ 0.05).85.1％ students (97/114) thought that the community health service center had a harmonious doctor-patient relationship,65.0％ (74/114) thought that full communication between general practitioners and patients was an important factor to build a harmonious doctor-patient relationship,66.6％ (76/114) felt satisfied,and 72.8％ (83/114) gained a lot in the clerkship.The results indicate that the community clerkship of general practice is conducive for students to understand theory,knowledge of general practice.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of HER2/neu, Ki-67 and TK1 protein in meningiomas in correlation with tumor grades and recurrence.

METHODSTwenty cases of each of the following types of meningiomas were selected for the study, namely: the benign non-recurrent, recurrent benign, atypical and malignant, according to the World Health Organization (WHO) histological classification of nervous system, 2007. Immunohistochemistry study for HER2/neu, Ki-67 and TK1 protein was performed. HER2/neu gene amplification was detected using FISH. Cases with HER2 protein overexpression were studied by immunohistochemistry staining. The results of the biomarker assays were also used to study the correlationship with the tumor grades and tumor recurrency.

RESULTSImmunohistochemistry showed that the positive rates of HER2 expression in non-recurrence benign group, recurrence benign group, atypical group and malignant group were 3 cases (15%), 6 cases (30%), 7 cases (35%), and 10 cases (50%), respectively (P < 0.05). A higher tumor grade was correlated with a higher rate of HER2/neu expression. The Ki-67 and TK1 labeling index (LI) in non-recurrence group were lower than those in the atypical or malignant group (P < 0.05), whereas the atypical group had lower LI than that of the malignant group (P < 0.05). Higher levels of LI of Ki-67 and TK1 were correlated with higher tumor grades and recurrence of the benign meningiomas (P < 0.05). Expression of HER2 was positively correlated with Ki-67 and TK1 (r = 0.445, P < 0.01; r = 0.501, P < 0.01, respectively), and there was a positive correlation between Ki-67 and TK1 (r = 0.450, P < 0.01) as well. HER2/neu gene copy amplification in 7 of 26 cases (26.9%) of HER2 immunopositive meningiomas. The rates of HER2/neu gene amplification were 0 in tumors with 1+ immunopositivity, 4/6 in tumor with 2+ immunopositivity and 3/4 in tumor with 3+ immunopositivity. HER2/neu gene amplification in 3+ and 2+ immunopositive cases had no statistical significance (P > 0.05). Aneuploidy of chromosome 17 existed in 9 of 26 of HER2 immunopositive meningiomas (34.6%). However, the rates of chromosome 17 aneuploidy had no significant difference among tumors with variable HER2/neu imumopositivity (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSHigh levels of HER2 and Ki-67 or TK1 expression correlate with the increase of tumor grades and tumor recurrence. HER2/neu gene amplification is seen in a subset of meningiomas with the protein expression (26.9%). A combination of biomarker study including HER2/neu, Ki-67 and TK1 may be useful in predicting the biological behavior of meningiomas.

Aneuploidy ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17 ; Female ; Gene Amplification ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Ki-67 Antigen ; metabolism ; Male ; Meningeal Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Meningioma ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Receptor, ErbB-2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Thymidine Kinase ; metabolism

This study investigated a nano drug delivery system built by one sort of modified trimethyl chitosan (TMC). The TMC was modified by cRGDyk, ligand of integrin receptor avβ3. Single factor screening was used to optimize the prescription in which the particle sizes of TMC nanoparticle (TMC NPs) and cRGDyk modified TMC nanoparticle (C-TMC NPs) were (240.3 ± 4.2) nm and (259.5 ± 3.3) nm. Electric potential of those two nanoparticles were (33.5 ± 0.8) mV and (25.7 ± 1.6) mV. Encapsulation efficiencies were (76.0 ± 2.2) % and (74.4 ± 2.0) %. Drug loading efficacies were (50.1 ± 2.1) % and (26.1 ± 1.0) %. Then the cellular uptake, uptake mechanism and transport efficacy of TMC NPs and C-TMC NPs were investigated using Caco-2 cell line. The uptake rate and accumulating drug transit dose of C-TMC NPs were 1.98 and 2.84 times higher than TMC NPs, separately. Mechanism investigations revealed that caveolae-mediated endocytosis, clathrin-mediated endocytosis and macropinocytosis were involved in the intercellular uptake of both TMC NPs and C-TMC NPs. What is more, free cRGDyk could remarkably inhibit the uptake of C-TMC NPs.
Biological Transport ; Caco-2 Cells ; Caveolae ; Chitosan ; chemistry ; Clathrin ; Endocytosis ; Humans ; Integrin alphaVbeta3 ; chemistry ; Nanoparticles ; Particle Size ; Pinocytosis

Objective To study the effects of ibuprofen on the growth and development of oligodendrocytes. Methods A total of 6 clean and healthy adult female SD (Sprague Dawley) rats were used for extracting and culturing of oligodendrocytes(OLs).Lysophosphatidic acid(LPA)was then added,and the morphological changes of OLs pre-treatment and post-treatment were observed. Then 6 newborn rats (born 24-48 h) were used for mixed glial cell extraction from the cortex, then the OPCs were inoculated into the culture plates and randomly divided into control group, ibuprofen group, lysophosphatidic acid(LPA)group and LPA+ibuprofen group.After the adhering of the cells in each group for three days, cell morphology was observed,and the drugs were added as interventions.The control group was treated with normal saline, and the other 3 groups were added with saline solution of ibuprofen(100 μmol/L),LPA(1.0 μmol/L)and the mixture of them. The cell morphological changes were observed after 7-day intervention.The morphology of OPCs and OLs were observed by immunofluorescence staining through OPCs'specific immune markers (platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha, PDGFR-α)and OLs'specific immune markers(myelin basic protein,MBP)along with cell count of mature OLs.Western blot assay was used to detect the relative expression level of MBP in each group. Results After the treatment with LPA to the mature OLs,protrusions were shrinking and became very sparse.The morphology of cells developed well in each group after cell adhering for 3 days. After drug intervention for 7 days, more cell protrusions and branches were observed in ibuprofen group and LPA+ibuprofen group than those of the control group and LPA group.The results of cell count showed that the number of MBP positive cells was significantly higher in the ibuprofen group and LPA+ibuprofen group than that in the control group and LPA group(P<0.01).The results of Western blot assay showed that the MBP protein expression was significantly less in LPA group than the other three groups (P<0.01), and the expression was significantly higher in the ibuprofen group than that of LPA+ibuprofen group (P<0.01). Conclusion LPA has a toxic effect on the growth and development of OPCs, and it has an inhibitory effect on the normal growth of mature OLs. A certain concentration of ibuprofen can significantly inhibit the cytotoxicity of LPA on OPCs and OLs,and promote the formation and maintenance of mature OLs.

Objective To explore clinieopathologieal features and prognosis in a high grade malignancy group of colorectal mueinous carcinoma, signet-ring cell carcinoma and low-differentiated carcinoma. Methods Retrospective analysis and follow-up were made on 148 patients with colorectal mucinous carcinoma, 55 patients with signet-ring cell carcinoma and 281 low- differentiated carcinoma treated in our hospital from 1988 to 2006. Obtained data were analyzed by SPSS13.0. Related factors underwent x2 analysis, survival analysis were estimated using Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the Log-rank test. Results Coloreetal signet-ring cell carcinoma were significantly different from mucinous carcinoma and low- differentiated carcinoma in gender, age, tumor location, bowel obstruction, operative modus, tumor embolism, tumor infiltration and lymph node metastasis(x2 = 7, 67,38.4,86.0,14.5,93.7,17.3,62. 1,24. 4,56.17 ,P <0.05). Median survival time was 24 months in signet-ring cell carcinoma, 47 months in mueinous carcinoma and 49 months in low- differentiated carcinoma. The difference is of significance(x2 = 21.3, P < 0.05). Conclusions Clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of colorectal signet-ring cell carcinoma, mueinous carcinoma and low- differentiated carcinoma is of significant difference(P < 0.05). Malignancy of signet-ring cell carcinoma is higher with worse prognosis.

Objective To identify the pmgnesfic factors influencing the recurrence and metastasis of adenocarcinoma of the ampulla of Vater after panreaticoduodenectomy. Methods A retrospective study was carried out on the clinical manifestation, pathological behavior and survival data in 101 patients with Vater's ampullary adenecarcinoma receiving pancreaticoduodenectomy from Jan 1980 to Dec 2003. Results According to TNM system, there were 42 cases (41.6%) of stage Ⅰ, 32 cases (31.7%) of stage Ⅱ, 27 cases (26.7%) of stage Ⅲ. During postoperative follow-up period [ median, 46(2-192) months] 25 patients (24.8%) suffered from recurrence or/and metastasis with the median recurrence time of 20 (2-93) months, among which there were 11(10.8%) cases of local recurrence and 20 (19.6%) cases of distant metastasis. The differences were statistically significant between the patients with recurrence or/and metastasis and those without in the following parameters: tumor size larger than 2 cm (64% vs. 39%, X2=4.56, P=0.033), positive lymph node metastasis in the primary specimens (52% vs. 17%, X2=11.98, P=0.001), postoperative complications (51% vs. 20%, X2=7.50, P=0.006). Logistic regression showed only lymph node status (OR=5.14, P=0.0037) was independent factors of tumor recurrence and metastasis. The median non-recurrent time in those without lymph node metastasis was 49 (2-192) months, significantly longer than the median 32(12-152) months in those with metastasis (X2=5.43, P=0.0198, log-rank test). Conclusions Recurrent metastasis is the main problem in patients with ampullary adenocarcinoma after pancreaticoduodenectomy. The lymph node status is an independent prognostic factor.

Objective To explore the clinicopathological characteristics as prognostic factors in patients with colorectal signet-ring cell carcinoma. Methods Clinical data of 62 patients of colorectal signet-ring cell carcinoma and 281 patients of colorectal low-differentiated adenocarcinoma were retrospectively analyzed. COX Proportional Hazards Model was used in multivariate analysis. Results Colorectal signet-ring cell carcinoma occurred more frequently in young patients and most of them located in the rectum. Gender, preoperative CEA, pathological type and liver metastasis were not statistically different from low-differentiated adenocarcinoma (X2=0.07,0.04,0.06,1.79,P>0.05).Bowel obstruction, operative modalities, tumor embolism, infiltration depth, lymph node metastasis were statistically different from low-differentiated adenocarcinoma (X2=8.96,75.1,18.5,72.0,7.44,P<0.05). Median survival time was 28 months in patients of colorectal signet-ring cell carcinoma and 49 months in patients of colorectal low-differentiated adenocarcinoma. The difference was statistically significant (X2=12.51,P<0.05). Infiltration depth, lymph node metastasis, operative modalities and postoperative adjunctive therapy were independent prognostic factors based on a multivariate analysis of the COX Proportional Hazards Model. Conclusions The biological malignancy of colorectal signet-ring cell carcinoma is higher than that of low-differentiated adenocarcinoma in colorectal carcinoma. Radical resection and postoperative adjunctive therapy were effective treatment methods.