Objective To optimize the extraction conditions for total flavonoids from Cibotium barometz by response surface meth-od(RSM). Methods According to the center combination of Box-Benhnken,using the RSM,the effects of ethanol concentration,the ratio of solid to liquid,the extraction time,and the extraction frequency were studied by central composite design. Results The opti-mal conditions of extraction were as follows:60％ethanol,the ratio of solid to liquid 1:40,refluxing and extracting twice,and 1.5 h for each time. Conclusion The actual extraction yield was 1.44％. The method of extraction has higher extraction efficiency than other methods and can provide a basis for the industrial production of the total flavonoids from S. barometz.

Objective:To investigate the effects of sodium selenite on the cell apoptosis of K562 cells and to elucidate its molecular mechanisms.Methods:K562 cells were treated with various concentrations of sodium selenite at different time points,and then MTT assay was employed to evaluate the effects of sodium selenite on the proliferative inhibition of K562 cells.MTT assay was employed to evaluate the effects of sodium selenite on the proliferative inhibition of K562 cells.Electronmicroscopy,and TUNEL were performed to confirm the apoptosis of K562 cells,RT-PCR was employed to analyze the mRNA expression levels of Bcl-2 and Bax.Colorimetric method were used to measure the activities of caspase-3 of K562.Results:Sodium selenite could inhibit proliferation of K562 cells and induce them to undergo apoptosis.RT-PCR results showed that sodium selenite could decrease the mRNA expression level of Bcl-2 and increase the level of Bax of K562 cells which had been treated with sodium selenite for 48h significantly,and the activity of caspase-3 elevated remarkably too.Compared with the control group,the expression levels of Bcl-2,Bax and acivity of caspase-3 in 20?mol/L sodium selenite treatment group were markedly changed(P

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of nadroparin in the migration of breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 and its action mechanism.

METHODThe MTT test was adopted to observe the effect of different concentrations of naringenin on the growth capacity of breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231. Wound healing and transwell experiment analysis were conducted to detect the effect of naringenin on the migration of breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231. Western blotting was adopted to investigate the effect of naringenin on protein expressions of MDA-MB-231 cell Integrin β3, β1 and matrix metalloproteinase MMP-2 and MMP-9. The computer virtual docking technique was used to evaluate the combining capacity of naringenin and Integrin β3 in vitro.

RESULTNaringenin inhibited the migration of MDA-MB-231 cells in a dose-dependent manner. In wound healing and transwell experiments, with the increase in the concentration of naringenin, the number of migrant MDA-MB-231 cells and the invasion capacity of breast cancer cells decreased. Naringenin could inhibit the protein expression of Integrin β3 in a dose-dependent manner, but with unobvious effect on expression of Integrin β1. Besides, naringenin could significantly inhibit the protein expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9. The results of the computer virtual docking showed a negative value in the combining capacity between naringenin and Integrin β3, indicating the high affinity between them.

CONCLUSIONNaringenin can inhibit the growth capacity of breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 and block the migration and invasion of breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231. Its mechanism is to down-regulate MMP-2 and MMP-9 expressions after combining with Integrin β3.

Breast Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Movement ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Female ; Flavanones ; pharmacology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; drug effects ; Humans ; Integrins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Neoplasm Invasiveness

We studied arterial oxygen desaturation, using a pulse oximeter, in 132 patients undergoing diagnostic upper gastrointestinal endoscopy to obtain predictive factors of the change. The baseline arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) level was 98.8+/- 1.2%. During the procedure, oxygen desaturation (SaO2>95%) was found in 90.2% of the patients, Mild oxygen desaturation (95>SaO2>90%) was found in 9.8% of the patients, and there was no severe oxygen desaturation(SaO2<90%). Age(P=0.52), gender(P =0.48), smoking(P =0.71), body mass index(P =0.32), and endoscopy time(P = 0.68) was not related to the degree of oxygen desaturation. These results suggest that oxygen desaturation, which may rarely induce serious cardiopulmonary events, is not frequently observed during non-sedated diagnostic upper endoscopy.
Endoscopy ; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal* ; Humans ; Oxygen*

No abstract available.
Restraint, Physical*

Retrospective studies of duodenal polyps have shown a prevalence of 0.3-4.6% in patients referred to upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, and histologic classification have been inconsistent. A prospective consecutive study was carried out in 3,871 patients referred to diagnostic endoscopy, Sixteen patients had polyps in the first part of duodenum, for a prevalence 0.41%(0.28-0.53%, 95% confidence interval). Fourteen polyps were either inflammatory(thirteen polyps) or ectopic gastric mucosa(one polyp). Two hyperplasitc polyps were founded. All polyps were benign and sessile, and most of polyps(75%) were solitary.
Classification ; Duodenum ; Endoscopy* ; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal ; Humans ; Polyps* ; Prevalence* ; Prospective Studies

Objective To explore the effect of surgical treatment of low back pain patients with Modic change or high intensity zone(HIZ) on MRI of the lumbar spine .Methods 32 cases with intervertebral disc herniation underwent posterior lumbar inter-body fusion and 17 cases with lumbar discogenic pain underwent radiofrequency ablation from March 2011 to July 2012 were retro-spectively reviewed .For intervertebral disc herniation patients ,all patients were divided into two groups :groupⅠ (no with Modic changes group)and groupⅡ(with Modic changes group) ,according to the Admission MRI .GroupⅡ was sub-divided intoⅡa(Mod-ic type Ⅰgroup) andⅡb(Modic type Ⅱgroup) .For lumbar discogenic pain patients ,all patients were divided into group A (without HIZ group) and group B(with HIZ group) .The VAS and ODI scales at the preoperative and follow-up were recorded and analyzed . Results The postoperative scores of VAS and ODI of all the patients were improved ,and the difference was statistically significant (P<0 .05) .For intervertebral disc herniation patients ,three groups have no statistically significant difference (P>0 .05) .For lum-bar discogenic pain patients ,the improvement rate of VAS (low backpain) of A was better than that of B ,and the difference was sta-tistically significant(P<0 .05) ,but the differences of VAS (leg pain) and ODI scores weren′t statistically significant (P>0 .05) . Conclusion Posterior lumbar interbody fusion is effective for lumbar disc herniation patients with Modic changes ,and can obtain good clinical effect .For lumbar discogenic pain patients with high intensity zone on MRI ,radiofrequency ablation can cause clinical symptoms get some relief ,but the effect is poor .

Induced pluripotent stem cells(iPS)are derived from the differentiated somatic cells that regain the differentiation capabilities by the direct nuclear reprogramming with the exogenous factors.The methods for iPS induction evolved from transcription factors to RNA binding proteins,small molecules,and extracellular signals with the efforts in improving biosafty.The cellular and epigenetic characterization for iPS generation is a progressive and time-dependent process,which is tightly associated with the cellular differentiation status.However,epigenetics of iPS is not same as the embryonic stem cells.In combination with gene therapy and cellular transplantation therapy,the achievements of iPS had been applied in animal disease model treatment.

The DNA damage response is a cornerstone of genomic stability.The cell utilizes mutiple mechanisms including damage detection,cell cycle regulation,damage repair and apoptosis to keep cell homeostasis.The DNA damage response include several biochemical pathways:first,the recognition and repair of damaged DNA;second,the activation of DNA damage checkpoint,which arrests cell cycle progression so as to provides time for DNA repair and prevention of the transmission of genomic abnormalities to the daughter cells;third,apoptosis,which eliminates serious damaged cells.The double strand break(DSB) is believed to be one of the most severe types of DNA damage,and errors in DSB repair could result in genomic instability that might lead to malignancy.It has been reported recently that constitutive activation of the ATM-Chk2-p53 pathway and phosphorylation of histone H2AX acts as an inducible anti-cancer barrier in the early stages of human tumorigenesis.This ATM-regulated DNA damage response network maintains genomic integrity and delays or prevents cancer by eliciting growth arrest or cell death.In context with a recent report,the ATM-dependent DNA-damage cellular signaling has also been shown to be involved in the integration of human immunodeficiency virus type-1(HIV-1) into host genomes,and KU55933,a specific ATM inhibitor,attenuated the infection of HIV-1 into host cells.The regulation and mechanisms of the signaling pathways of DSB response,and its role in HIV-1 infection and malignancy genesis were reviewed.