In the last few years,the morbidity of pulmonary fungal infection is keeping increasing.However,misdiagnosis is very common in clinical practice since it has no specific clinical characteristics.Subsequently,delayed treatment happened.Laboratory test is the key method to diagnose pulmonary fungal infection.In fact,only pathology and positive cultural results obtained from germfree specimens could make the final diagnosis.Recently,some new methods put into effect such as G-test and GM-test.These methods greatly improve the early diagnosis of invasive fungal infection.Among them,PCR is a very prospective way.Nevertheless,the most basic and common used way is to detect and analysis sputum,blood and the specimen obtained through bronchoscopy.The specimen collecting process need to be standardized and the results need to be evaluated along with the clinical data. Abstract:Summ ary: In the last few years,the morb id ity of pu lmo-nary fungal infection is keep ing increasing.However,m isd iag-nosis is very common in c lin ical practice since it has no spec if-ic c lin ical characteristics.Subsequently,delayed treatm ent hap-pened.Laboratory test is the key m ethod to d iagnose pu lmonary fungal infection.In fact,on ly pathology and positive cu ltural re-su lts obtained from germ free spec im ens cou ld m ake the final d i-agnosis.Recently,som e new m ethods put into effect such as G-test and GM-test.These m ethods greatly improve the early d iag-nosis of invasive fungal infection.Among them,PCR is a very prospective way.Nevertheless,the most basic and common used way is to detect and analysis sputum,b lood and the spec im en obtained through bronchoscopy.The spec im en collecting process need to be standard ized and the resu lts need to be eval-uated along w ith the c lin ical data.

Atypical pathogens are very common in community-acquired pneumonia(CAP) with the morbidity of about 22%(20%～28%).Therefore,CAP guidelines around the world usually emphasize the importance of atypical pathogens.The diagnosis tests are also listed in the guidelines,but only applied among inpatients.Japanese Respiratory Society recommended the diagnosis criteria of atypical pneumonia based on the clinical characteristics for the first time in the world.All guidelines recommended that empirical antibiotic therapy should cover those atypical pathogens when Mycoplasma pneumoniae,Chlamydia pneumonia or legionella pneumophilia infection are possibly exist.Antibiotic therapy against Mycoplasma pneumoniaen and Chlamydia pneumonia should be considered among outpatients and inpatients as well as anti-legionella pneumophilia therapy in severe patients in ICU.The recommended regimen is beta-lactam antibiotics combined with macrolides or fluoroquinolones alone.

The incidence of gram-positive coccus infection was keeping rising in recent years,with increase in hospital-and community-acquired pneumonia,as well as the incidence of infection caused by drug-resistant bacteria.Staphylococcus sp.,Streptococcus sp.and Enterococcus sp.were the most common pathogens inducing infection of the respiratory system,among which Streptococcus ranked the first.Streptococcus pneumoniae is still the most common pathogen causing respiratory infection.Recently,infection produced by penicillin-resistant strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae became more and more prevalent,leading to frequent failure in treatment.Regarding to Staphylococcus aureus,the methicillin-resistant strains (MRSA) account for approximately 60% of the pathogens inducing hospital-acquired infections,and what is worse,such a tendency is spreading to community,while the features of community-acquired MRSA infections (CA-MRSA) are very different from that of hospital-acquired MRSA infections (HA-MRSA).The purpose of present article is mainly to summarize the advances in diagnosis and treatment of pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus.

Objective To reveal the literature resources in traditional Chinese medicine from the end of the Qing Dynasty to 1949 .Methods The papers published in journals of traditional Chinese medicine from the end of the Qing Dynasty to 1949 were statistically analyzed .Results The largest number of journals was published in Shang-hai, the largest number of papers was published in Guanghua Medical Journal, 95%of the papers were published by a single author, the contents were focused on classical prescriptions and proved recipes, food therapy, disease treatment, baby care knowledge, and the most commonly studied were infectious diseases, such as exogenous febrile disease, cholera, and malaria.Conclusion The papers published in journals of traditional Chinese medicine from the end of the Qing Dynasty to 1949 are focused much more on the application of the knowledge about traditional Chinese medicine , but less on the theories of traditional Chinese medicine .

Purpose:To investigate p53 gene mutation, CD44V6 expression and their relationship with metastasis of ovarian carcinoma in tumor diagnosis. Methods:PCR SSCP with silver staining was used to detect the mutation of p53 gene; by using Southern blot and image analysis, the quantitative and qualitative expression of CD44V6 were also determined. Results:The positive percentage of CD44V6 expression and p53 gene mutation was not detectable in any of the normal ovarian specimens but in the benign tumors, non metastasizing and metastasizing carcinomas it was 10%, 75%, 88% and 5%, 40%, 60% respectively. The mean dark density of each band in these four groups(mentioned above) was 85.25?23.16, 817.11?126.5, 3820.14?289.43 and 10132.92?1521.20 respectively. The expression of CD44V6 of metastasizing carcinomas was higher than that of non metastasizing group. Conclusions:The expression of CD44V6 is related to tumor metastasis; the positive percentage of CD44V6 is higher than that of p53 gene mutation in the group of metastasizing and non metastasizing tumors; Compared to p53 gene mutation, CD44V6 is a better marker for tumor metastasis.

From 1952 to 1990, 21 cases of malignant tumor of the appendix, including 14 cases of carcinoid tumor of appendix, 4 cases of appendix adenocarcinoma, 2 cases of appendix lymposarcoma and 1 case of appendix cystocarcinoma, were treated in the Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College Among these 21 patients, 16 underwent appendectomy alone, 5 underwent appendectomy first and a right hemicolectomy was performed on later All of the 21 patients were followed up for 5～10 years,the survival rate was 90 5% and 90 5% respectively So if a malignant tumor of the appendix was suspected, a biopsy during operation should be done to determine the pathological type If the diagnosis was clear, the choice of operation mode must be made according to the size and the pathological type of the tumor In selective patient, a right hemicolectomy must be performed on

Small cell lung cancer, most malignant and highly aggressive has a high relapse rate due to drug resistance. Potential strategies as high dose chemotherapy with autologous bone marrow transplantation and analysis on genes of metastases are focused on. In spite of great improvement, methods and clinic significances of bone marrow micrometastases are still to be determinated. Bone micrometastases may be a resort to clarify the mechanism of metastases.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of mesenteric vascular thrombosis (MVT) in patients with antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS).Methods The cases reports about MVT in patients with APS were searched in Pubmed and Chinese biomedical database (1983.1-2007.7) and then were analyzed.Results There were 13 males and 8 females in 21 patients.The average age was (37±17) years (5months～69 years).Three cases (14%) had a history of deep venous thrombosis and 4 (19%) had spontaneous abortions.The course of disease was 4 hours to 4 months.The clinical manifestations included abdominal pain 18 (86%),hemafecia or melaena 4 (19%),vomiting 3 (14%),diarrhea 2 (10%),hematemesis 2(10%).Physical signs included abdominal tenderness in 10(48%),peritoneal irritation signs in 5 (24%),shifting dullness in 3 (14%) anddecreased bowel sounds in 3 (14%).Mesenteric vascular thrombosis were detected through B uhrasonography (3/10,33%),abdominal CT (9/13,69%),MRI (4/4,100%),Doppler ultrasound (4/4,100%),angiography (6/6,100%).Eighteen cases (86%) had positive anti-cardiophospholipin antibody and 14 (67%) were IgG-subtype.Lupus anticoagulants were detected in 4 (19%).Sixteen cases reee-ived exploratory laparotomy,lsehemia or necrosis of intestine were found in 9(56%).In 21 cases,superior mesenteric vein thrombosis,suprior mesenteric artery thrombosis,inferior mesenteric vein thrombosis,inferior mesenteric artery thrombosis were discovered in 17 (81%),4 (19%),0 (0%),1 (5%)patients respectively.Portal vein was also involved in 7 (33%) cases who had superior mesenteric vein thrombosis.Conclusion Superior mesenteric vein is usually involved in patients with APS who have MVT.MVTs are always occurr in middle-age male patients.Some patients have deep vein thrombosis or spontaneous abortion before MVT.The disease may be fulminant or had is insidious in onset.Abdominal pain and intestinal obstruction are the most common manifestations.IgG-subtype anticardiophospholipin antibodiesare the common antibodies discovered in these patients.Combined more than one image methods can detect the thrombi effectively.Anticoagulation and essential exploratory laparotomy are effective interventions in most cases.

With the development of minimally invasive surgery,great developments have been made in laparoscopie techniques and digestive endoscopy.However,laparoscopy may cause injury by abdominal puncture,and digestive endoscopy is a painful examination for patients and is difficult to localize the tumor.Magnetic anchor makes use of magnetic attraction in positioning,and it improves laparoscopy and endoscopy by external magnetic field or magnetic handle.Nowadays,combined application of magnetic anchor and laparoscope and endoscope in the treatment of digestive diseases has been accepted by many medical centers,and further researches need to be carried out to realize the aim(small trauma,little pain and quick recovery)of minimally invasive surgery.

As a species of acute respiratory tract pathogen in mankind, Chlamydia pneumoniae can cause upper respiratory tract infection, pneumonia, it may also play an important role in bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, sarcoid, lung cancer.