Objective This study was to investigate the effect of using laryngeal mask airway (LMA)as a transition method after double lumen endotracheal anesthesia on the stress response dur-ing the extubation period.Methods Ninety patient underwent general anesthesia with double lumen endotracheal intubation were randomly divided into 3 groups:group A,B and C (n=30).Patients in group A were extubated directly after surgery.The double lumen endotracheal tube were changed to single lumen endotracheal tube under deep anesthesia in group B patients,while the double lumen en-dotracheal tube were changed to LMA in group C.MAP,HR and rate pressure product (RPP)at the end of surgery (T0 ),1 minute before extubating the endotracheal tube (laryngeal mask)(T1 ),1 mi-nutes (T2 ),5 minutes after extubating (T3 )were recorded.The reaction of extubation,such as buc-king or restlessness,was also observed.Results Compared with T0 ,the MAP,HR,and RPP were significantly increased in groups A and B at T1-T3 (P <0.05 ).Compared with group A,the MAP, HR,RPP were significantly decreased in groups B and C at T1-T3 (P <0.05 ).The number of buc-king and restlessness in group C were lower than that in group A and group B (P < 0.05 ). Conclusion The use of laryngeal mask during the transition period in double lumen endotracheal anes-thesia to can reduce hemodynamic fluctuations and stress reaction during the extubation.

Objective To explore the protective effect of selenium, an antioxidant, on fluoride-induced renal injury in rats and find out the optimal level of selenium against fluoride toxicity and its valid molecular target.Methods All 80 male weanling SD rats were randomly divided into 8 groups by body weight as follows: normal control group(drinking tap water), fluoride exposed group (drinking water containing 50 mg/L of NaF), low, middle,high selenium exposed groups(drinking water containing 0.375, 0.750, 1.500 mg/L of Na2SeO3) and low, middle,high Se-fluoride groups (drinking water containing both 50 mg/L NaF and three doses of Na2SeO3 as abovementioned, respectively). After 6 months, the rats were killed then the oxidation level and nuclear factor κB(NF-κB)expression level in kidney were measured. Results The weight of the fluoride exposed group[(695.95 ± 55.89 )g]was significantly deceased than the controls[(782.69 ± 56.12)g, P ＜ 0.01]. Glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)activity of fluoride exposed group[(55.86 ± 5.09)U/mgprot] was not significantly different but decreased. Tatal antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) activity in fluoride exposed group [(7.54 ± 1.35)U/mgprot] significantly decreased than the controls[(9.03 ± 0.37 )U/mgprot, P ＜ 0.05]. In addition, a significant increase of malondialdehyde ( MDA )in fluoride exposed group[(3.86 ± 0.31 )mnol/mgprot, P ＜ 0.05] was observed than the controls[(3.14 ± 0.32)nmol/mgprot, P ＜ 0.05]. GSH-Px activity of high Se-fluoride group[(74.99 ± 8.41 )U/mgprot] was significantly higher than the fluoride exposed group[(55.86 ± 5.09)U/mgprot, P ＜ 0.05] and its MDA level[(3.17 ± 0.20)nmol/mgprot] was lower than the fluoride exposed group[(3.86 ± 0.31 ) nmol/mgprot, P ＜ 0.05]. NF-κB expression levels of fluoride group, high selenium group and low Se-fluoride group(0.360 ± 0.015,0.367 ± 0.007,0.376 ± 0.006,respecyively) were obviously increased compared with the controls(0.312 ± 0.022, P ＜ 0.05); it was significantly lower in high Se-fluoride group(0.312 ± 0.005) than in fluoride exposed group(0.360 ± 0.015, P ＜ 0.05). Conclusions Na2SeO3 of 1.5 mg/L is the optimal dose against chronic fluorosis on kidney injury under this experimental condition.NF-κB is likely to be a target molecule of the selenium as an antagonist on fluorosis.

Objectives:To explore the possibility of using experimental animal models as a new means for studying the pathogenesis and symptomatologic development of radiation-induced lung injury,and provide theoretical and experimental evidences for early prevention and treatment with the traditional Chinese medicine.Methods:80 female Wistar rats were divided randomly into the model group and control group with 40 rats in each group respectively.The rats in model group were anesthetized and fixed,and a 2cm?3cm area of the right lungs received 6mV X-ray radiation at 3Gy?2/w and a maximal 10/5w.Eight rats randomly selected from each group were sacrificed at the end of weeks of 3,5,8,12 and 26.Diagnostic techniques of TCM were employed to analyze symptomatological and developmental characteristics of TCM in radiation-induced lung injury during exposure by dynamic examination and comparison of living rats,gross lung samples and tissue sections.Results: Signs and symptoms including redness around nose and eyes,yellowish secretion,tachypnea,dry stool,lethargy,sluggishness, inactiveness were observed in model group in early stage of radiation exposure,which consistent with dominant heat in the interior and primordial qi exhaustion syndrome.Swollen lungs,bright redness on surface and red bleeding patches were observed in early stage of radiation;microscopic examination showed interstitial tissues,and readily visible congestion,hemorrhage and edema of pulmonary interstitial tissues,consistent with damaged blood collaterals by heat and blood escaping circulation syndrome.In the later stage of radiation exposure,the lungs showed dark appearance,apparent purple petechia,hard texture and poor elasticity.Microscopic examination showed remote hemorrhage foci,pulmonary capillary stasis or closure,and focal fibrotic clumps,consistent with obstruction of collaterals by blood stasis syndrome.No abnormal changes were observed in the control group.Conclusions:Animal experiments can redeem the clinical inadequacy of traditional inspection,auscultation and olfaction,interrogation and feeling pulse and palpation diagnostic techniques,modern pathological methods can be utilized to study symptomatology of traditional Chinese medicine.Symptomatological and developmental characteristics of'heat toxin impairment in radiation-induced lung injury characterized by heat damaging pulmonary collateral syndrome in early stage and pulmonary collateral stagnation syndrome in the advanced stage'can be revealed at living organism,gross lung sample and microscopic pulmonary tissue levels,thus providing theoretical basis for early prevention and treatment of radiation-induced lung injury using'cooling blood to remove apthogenic heat'.

Objective To study the mechanism of cytotoxic T lympocytes in the acute rejection of xenogenic liver transplantation(XLT). Methods Hamster to rat orthotopic liver transplantation model was performed with three cuff method. In XLT,lymphocytes including CD8 and CD4 subsets were observed by histology and immunohistochemistry; the expression of perforin and Fas- L was observed by immunohistochemistry; and apoptotic cells of XLT were observed in situ end-labelling of fragmented DNA. Results In the XLT, T cell infiltration firstly ocurred on the 2nd day posttansplantation and located at the portal triads; the infiltrating lymphocytes proliferated increased with time and reached the peak on the 5th to 6th days.Perforin and Fas-ligand were expressed on the 4th day after XLT, and peaked on the 5th to 6th day,and the expression of perforing was still higher than the expression of Fas-ligand. Conclusions T lymphocyte participates in the acute rejection of XLT through the expression of perforin and Fas-ligand, which leads to apoptosis or necrosis of hepatocytes.

AAIM:To investigate the effect of atorvastatin ( ATO) on electrical remodeling, atrial ion channel protein expression and cardiac function in atrial tachypacing rabbits, and to explore the potential electrical mechanism of ATO in the prevention of atrial fibrillation.METHODS:The rabbits were subjected to atrial tachypacing at 600 min-1 in the absence or presence of treatment with atorvastatin (ATP and ATO groups) for 48 h, and the other 10 as sham group without pacing ( NP group) .The tachypacing model was performed by attaching pacing and testing electrodes to left atrial and connecting with custom animal cardiac pacemaker in the open-chest situation.The animals in ATO group were pretrea-ted with ATO for 7 d and continued during tachypacing.Serial atrial effective refractory period ( AERP) was measured in each rabbit at baseline, 8 h, 16 h, 24 h, 32 h, 40 h and 48 h with different cycle lengths.The changes of cardiac func-tions and cardiac structure were observed by cardiac ultrasonic cardiogram before and after atrial tachypacing.The expres-sion of atrial ion channel proteins CaLα1 and Kv4.3 was detected by Western blotting.RESULTS:Compared with NP group, AERP at cycle lengths of 150 and 200 ms, the adaption of AERP, and the levels of CaLα1 and Kv4.3 expression were all decreased in ATP and ATO group, especially in ATP group.Left atrial dimension ( LAD) was increased in pacing groups as compared with NP group (P<0.05) after pacing delivery for 48 h, while no difference between the formers was observed.No significant change of the left ventricular dimension ( LVD) and ejection fraction ( LVEF) among groups be-fore and after pacing was found.CONCLUSION:Atrial tachypacing significantly shorten AERP, resulting in poor adap-tion of AERP, while ATO pretreatment significantly attenuates the atrial electrical remodeling in rabbits, but had no effect on cardiac structure.ATO suppresses the down-regulation of atrial ion channel proteins CaLα1 and Kv4.3 expression after 48 h, which may be the potential ionic mechanism of atrial electrical remodeling for ATO.

Objective To investigate the application of respiratory navigator echo triggered black blood contrast FSE in cardiac MRI. Methods The respiratory navigator echo trigger technique combining with black blood FSE (NAV-FSE) was tested on 11 volunteers and 5 patients in free breathing,using breath-hold FSE (BH-FSE) with the same imaging protocals as control. The imaging efficiency and the image sharpness were compared between NAV-FSE and BH-FSE and t-test was used for the statistics. Results All NAV-FSE acquisitions were completed in sixteen subjects while 4 BH-FSE acquisitions failed because of poor breath holding. The efficiencies of NAV-FSE were (42. 95±11.50)%, (56. 14±11.40)% and (55.25± 14. 70)% when echo train length (ETL) were 24, 16 and 8, respectively. When ETL were 16 and 24, the sharpness of NAV-FSE ( 0. 43±0. 02 vs 0. 36±0. 02 ) and BH-FSE ( 0. 36±0. 03 vs 0. 35±0. 02 ) were statistically different (t =4. 26, 5. 53 ,respectively; P <0. 05). NAV-FSE could have a shorter ETL setting without consideration of breath holding. Conclusion The navigator echo trigger technique could be compatible with black blood contrast FSE to image the heart without the restriction of breath holding and it allows to optimize the parameters to improve the image quality.

Objective To investigate the expression and significance of Insulin like growth factor-ⅡmRNA binding protein3 (IMP3) in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). Methods One hundred and fifteen cases of GIST were subjected to immunohistochemical staining for IMP3 (SP method) and ki67 (iVisionTM method ). The relationship between IMP3 expression with clinicopathologic parameters and Ki67 proliferation indexes were analyzed. In situ hybridization detection of IMP3 mRNA was performed in 20 cases of GIST positive. Results The expression rate of IMP3 was 56.2%(65/115) in GIST positive. A significant correlation can be found between IMP3 expression and tumor of infiltration , coagulative necrosis , metastasis , nuclear atypia , diameter , mitotic count , risk grade of NIH (P < 0.05), while there was no significant correlation between IMP3 and gender, age, primary location, categories of cell type (P>0.05). There was positive correlation of IMP3 expression and Ki67 labeling indexes by Spearman analysis. Positive expression with IMP3 can be observed in 3 cases of recurrence.It may play important role in invasive and development and may be an important factor of prognosis in GIST.

Objective To explore experiences of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) to take up the home- based resistance training. Methods Twenty- two patients with COPD who completed the 12 weeks home- based resistance training were interviewed deeply, the phenomenological analysis method was used. Results Though reading, analysis, reflection, separation, theme refining, two themes were drawn: self- perceived benefits; pyhcological, social and healthy status barriers on taking up and persisting in the exercises. Conclusions The study finds that self- perceived benefits, psychological changes and confusion in COPD patients during home- based resistance training.As the medical staff, to seize the COPD patients for the purpose of health to do the health education and strengthen the relevant training, to help the patient perceive benefits on resistance training, to enhance the confidence of participating in the pulmonary rehabilitation, to promote the behavior change. Additionally, we should identify obstacles early and take up the intervention, to stimulate the enthusiasm of home- based resistance training in patients with COPD.