Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; China ; epidemiology ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Humans

China ; Data Collection ; Disabled Persons ; statistics & numerical data ; Humans

Treatment of macular hole associated retinal detachment in high myopia has progressively evolved over the years,including the scleral buckling,simple intravitreal gas injection,pars plana vitrectomy (PPV),PPV combined with internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling or transplantation and so on.Simple vitreous gas injection is less traumatic and good for the patients with small holes and localized retinal detachment.PPV combined with ILM peeling can achieve better treatment effects for small holes with wide retinal detachment.But for large holes with wide retinal detachment,PPV combined with ILM transplantation is necessary to improve the macular holes closure rate.If the ILM has been peeled before,the lens capsule could be a nice substitute for ILM.The scleral surgery can solve the problem of posterior scleral staphyloma and effectively control the elongation of the axial length.However,there is still no one surgery could deal with all the problems of high myopia,we should consider all the circumstances like the size of the macular hole and the range of the retinal detachment to choose the best individualized therapy.

Objective To observe the hemodynamic parameters of retrobulbar vessels of eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) by using color Doppler imaging (CDI) technique.Methods Pertinent publications were retrieved from the PubMed of The National Library of Medicine,the ISI Web of Knowledge of The Institute for Scientific Information,and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials.Case control studies involved POAG patients were included.Changes in retrobulbar blood flow parameters including peak systolic velocity (PSV),end diastolic velocity (EDV) and resistive index (RI) of the ophthalmic artery (OA),central retinal artery (CRA) and short posterior ciliary artery (SPCA) were evaluated by CDI.The searching time was from the data base established up to April,2014.Meta analysis was used on the included articles,the mean difference (MD) along with 95 ％ confidence interval (95 ％ CI) of the blood flow parameters were calculated.Results Twenty-four articles were retrieved,including 1336 eyes as cases,1102 eyes as controls.PSV of POAG eyes was statistically signiflcantly lower than controls in theOA (MD=-3.05,95％CI:-4.49--1.61,P＜0.001),CRA (MD=-1.66,95％CI:-1.95--1.38,P＜0.001),SPCA (MD=-0.87,95％ CI:-1.49--0.26,P=0.005).EDV of POAG eyes was statistically significantly reduced than controls in the OA (MD=-1.78,95％CI:-2.14--1.41,P＜0.001),CRA (MD=-0.95,95％CI:-1.17--0.74,P＜0.001),SPCA (MD=-0.53,95％CI:--0.71--0.36,P＜0.001).Statistically significant increases in RI of POAG eyes than controls in the OA (MD=0.04,95％CI:0.03-0.05,P＜0.001),CRA (MD=0.06,95％CI:0.05-0.07,P＜0.001),SPCA (MD=0.04,95％CI:0.03-0.06,P＜0.001).Conclusion This meta-analysis suggests that significant decreased velocity and increased resistance of retrobulbar blood flow are found in POAG eyes.

Point-of-care testing(POCT)is a kind of testing technology that uses portable testing instruments to test and quickly report the detection results at the bedside of testing object.Critically ill children need bedside examination, diagnosis and treatment in time according to the changes of their condition because of their critical condition and rapid progress.Therefore, the application of POCT in pediatric intensive care medicine has developed rapidly.Blood purification technology and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO)are important treatment methods for critically ill children, while POCT is a necessary technology and an important link in the management of extracorporeal circulation.In this review, the application of POCT in blood purification and ECMO therapy is summarized.

Thirty New Zealand albino rabbits of both sexes were used for the experi-ments which was (1) To observe the febrile response induced by microinjection of TNFinto the lateral ventricle; (2) To measure the PGE_2 & cAMP contents of the plasma andcerebrospinal fluid. The results showed that injection of TNF (50ng/each) into the lateralventricle did induce a definite raise of body temperature (T=0.79?0.14℃). The PGE_2concentration increased markedly in c. s. f. while that in plasma remain unchanged ascompared with the control. However cAMP lever in both, plasma and c. s. f. had nochange. These results suggested that (1) The injection of TNF into the lateral ventriclecaused a raise in PGE_2 synthesis in the brain while there was no alterations of PGE_2found in peripheral blood (2) The increase in PGE_2 didn't followed by an increase incAMP which indicated that the fever induced by TNF must have a different mechanismfrom that induced by leucocyte pyrogent (LP or In-1). PGE_2 might be involved in thefever inducing mechanism but these results don't support the hypothersis that the raiseof PGE_2 level may increase the cAMP content which in turn reduced the fever.

Objective To compare the characteristics of endogenous ouabain(EO) secretion with the other adrenocortical hormones and determine the effects of angiotensin Ⅰ (Ang Ⅰ ), and adrenocorticotrophin(ACTH) on the secretion of EO. Methods EO was measured by radioimmunoassay from primary cultured bovine adrenocotical cells (BAC). Results ①Ouabain was determined in the media of cultured BAC. Both EO and aldosterone secretion were decreased from the outer to inner layer of the cultured adrenal cortex, and the responses to Ang Ⅰ and ACTH were higher than that in the mid layer (P ＜0. 05) and inner layer (P ＜0. 01). Cortisol secretion was activated by Ang Ⅱ or ACTH was significantly higher in the mid layer and in the inner layer than that in the outer layer. ②The time-course experiment showed that the gradually rising amounts of aldosterone and cortisol could be determined dur ing the continuous incubation to 48h with or without Ang Ⅰ or ACTH. However, EO did not increase continuously af ter 24h of incubation in the basal secreting situation and after 12h of incubation in the stimulating situation by Ang Ⅱ or ACTH. ③There were obvious drops in aldosterone and cortisol secretion from 3rd day during a 21 day-period cell culture, but the peak secretion of ouabain was in 7th day. Conclusion It suggests that the secretory mechanism might be different between EO and aldosterone or cortisol. Also, Ang Ⅱ and ACTH might be involved in the regulation of EO secretion.

Low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation method that has been used in the treatments of stroke patients. Our purpose was to investigate the effects of low-frequency rTMS on the hand motor function recovery for stroke patients. After searching from electronic database from January 1990 to April 2012, we collected randomized controlled trials explored the low-frequency rTMS effects on the hand motor function rehabilitation. A total of 7 comparisons (N = 216) from 5 articles were included in this study. We summarized the effect size by calculating the standardized mean difference (SMD). Summary of effect size (SES) indicated positive effects of low-frequency rTMS on the finger motor ability (SMD = 0.58) and hand function (SMD = -0.98). Few adverse effects occurred. The evidence showed that low-frequency rTMS could improve the paretic hand recovery after stroke.
Hand ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Recovery of Function ; Stroke ; therapy ; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Objective Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) participates in pathologic processes of many ischemic damages.It also plays an important role in ischemic brain damage.There are a lot of activation mechanisms of TERT after cerebral ischemia.At present,the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 has been more clearly studied.The protective effect of TERT in ischemic brain damage may be associated with anti-apoptosis,promoting cell survival,promoting angiogenesis,and protecting mitochondria.

Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is a key transciptional regulator of cellular and systemic oxygen homeostasis,composed of the two subunits,HIF-1α and HIF-1β.HIF-1α is an inducible subunit regulated by hypoxia,which is posttranslationally modified by various ways,including ubiquitination,phosphorylation,hydroxylation,acetylation and glycation,accordingly affecting its protein's stability,nuclear translocation and regulation of its target genes.Small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) is an micromolecule protein participating in posttranslational modifications of proteins dynamicly in eukaryotic organism,which is similar in structure to ubiquitin.SUMOylation and deSUMOylation are involved in multiple regulations of biologic processes,such as signal transduction,transcriptional regulation,cell cycle processes and biological rhythm.SUMOylation is related to HIF-1α stability and transcription activity in hypoxia,providing a newthread to study self-regulation mechanism of HIF-1α for us.