PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the health behaviors by a risk level of metabolic syndrome (MS) among petty merchants in traditional markets. METHODS: The data were collected through questionnaires and physical examination on abdominal circumstance, triglyceride, HDL, blood pressure, and FBS of 177 subjects in S city, Korea. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, chi2-test (or fisher's exact test) and ANOVA using SPSS/WIN 18.0 program. RESULTS: The prevalence of MS was 15.8%, and risk group was 72.9%. The abdominal circumstance and triglyceride levels were higher in MS group than those of the risk group and normal group. The HDL and systolic blood pressure levels were also higher in MS group than those of the normal group. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of MS and risk groups was high among petty merchants in traditional markets. However, these merchants did not practice health behaviors nor take institutional health management benefit. Therefore, governmental level community based health management services are requested for them.
Blood Pressure ; Health Behavior ; Korea ; Physical Examination ; Prevalence ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop a structural model for patient safety management activities and to identify the influencing factors of organizational and individual dimensions that promote patient safety management activities and to suggest effective intervention plans.METHODS: A structured self-report questionnaire was used to measure organizational factor, attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavior control, and patient safety management activities. The questionnaires were distributed to 300 nurses and 275 were included in the analysis. SPSS 25.0 and AMOS 21.0 were used to analyze the model fitness, indirect effect, and direct effect of the model.RESULTS: The hypothetical model for patient safety management activities was appropriate. Among the 8 pathways, 6 direct pathways were significant. Organizational factor affected individual attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavior control. Perceived behavior control, and subjective norm affected behavioral intention. Behavioral intention affected patient safety management activities. Perceived behavior control did not affect patient safety management activities.CONCLUSION: Organizations and individuals must change together to promote patient safety management activities. The organization should establish practical education and training, systems and regulations. Individuals should increase behavioral intention by strengthening perceived behavioral control and subjective norm.
Behavior Control ; Education ; Humans ; Intention ; Models, Structural ; Nurse Clinicians ; Patient Safety ; Safety Management ; Social Control, Formal

Endotracheal intubation has many advantage such as airway protection, maintenance of patent airway, pulmonary toilet, application of positive pressure ventilation, and maintenance of adequate oxygenation. But risks that develop complications related to endotracheal tube always present, when we insert a tube into the trachea. We have experienced an armored tube obstruction with bulged inner wall after EO gas sterilization. So, it is important that we have to pretest a tube and check pateney of the inside of a tube, before endotracheal intubation.
Airway Obstruction* ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Oxygen ; Positive-Pressure Respiration ; Sterilization ; Trachea

We present two cases of focal fatty sparing caused by a nontumorous arterioportal shunt. Two patients underwent ultrasonography (US) as a part of routine medical screening, which revealed a hypoechoic lesion in the diffuse fatty liver. Each lesion appeared to be an arterioportal shunt on triphasic mutidetector computed tomography (CT) and was seen as being slightly hyperdense on noncontrast CT. No tumors were delineated around or within the arterioportal shunt. Both lesions remained unchanged on six-month follow-up US.
Fatty Liver* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Ultrasonography

Despite the therapeutic equivalence between twice-daily and once-daily tacrolimus, patient safety after conversion is still a concern. We reviewed 218 liver transplantation (LT) patients who converted twice-daily to once-daily tacrolimus between May 2011 and January 2014. Thirty (13.8%) patients had adverse events after conversion, with a liver function test (LFT) abnormality being the most common adverse event (n = 17). Despite the decrease in serum tacrolimus of > 30% after conversion, none of the patients who were converted to a dosage ratio (once-daily tacrolimus dosage: twice-daily tacrolimus dosage) > 1 had an LFT abnormality. Most patients with an LFT abnormality improved after increasing the once-daily tacrolimus dosage (n = 2), returned to a previous medication, and/or added another immunosuppressant (n = 15). One patient had acute cellular rejection, which improved after steroid pulse treatment, and another patient had graft failure. In patients with a dosage ratio ≤ 1, the conversion time within 5 years after LT was the only significant risk factor for an LFT abnormality after conversion (odds ratio: 11.850, 95% confidence interval: 1.321–106.325, P = 0.027). In conclusion, the dosage ratio and time after LT should be carefully considered during conversion from twice-daily to once-daily tacrolimus.
Humans ; Liver Function Tests ; Liver Transplantation* ; Liver* ; Patient Safety ; Risk Factors* ; Tacrolimus* ; Transplants

BACKGROUND: This study evaluated the effects of family type and sociodemographic factors on medical treatment, health behavior, and subjective health status in Koreans 60 years and older. METHODS: This study was based on data from the 5th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), a nationwide health interview survey using a rolling sampling design involving complex, stratified, multistage, probability cluster. Our subjects included those > or =60 years of age (n=1,946) participating in the KNHANES 2010. Family type was categorized into 7 groups according to cohabitation: alone, couple cohabitation (living with a spouse), parent(s) cohabitation (couple living with parent(s)), offspring cohabitation (no spouse, living with offspring), couple offspring cohabitation (couple living with offspring), couple offspring parents cohabitation (couple living with parent(s) and offspring), and others. Logistic regression analyses were used to examine the association of family type and sociodemographic factors with health care. RESULTS: The most common family type was couple cohabitation (38.26+/-1.8%). In this group, the percentage of non-receipt of needed medical care (odds ratio [OR], 0.60; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.42 to 0.87) and current smoking rate (OR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.20 to 0.50) were significantly lower than those living alone. Among the sociodemographic charicteristics, male gender, apartment dwelling, high middle household income, 2 member family, education higher than middle school, and possessing own house were associated with good health care behavior. CONCLUSION: This study shows that couples have better health care behavior than other family types, in particular, limited smoking, appropriate medical treatment, and positive subjective health status. Those living alone visit medical clinics less often and have a negative subjective health status.
Delivery of Health Care ; Family Characteristics ; Health Behavior ; Humans ; Korea ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Nutrition Surveys ; Parents ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Spouses

Recently, the number of laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding surgery is increasing as is the number of patients with morbid obesity rapidly. However, no anesthetic management including preoperative fasting strategy for patients with laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding exists. Hereby, we report a case of a 22-year-old woman with laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding who suffered pulmonary aspiration during the anesthetic induction for appendectomy, despite a preoperative fasting period longer than 14 h. This case strongly suggests that guidelines for anesthetic management including the appropriate fasting period for patients with laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding are desperately required.
Appendectomy ; Fasting ; Female ; Humans ; Obesity, Morbid ; Patient Safety ; Pneumonia, Aspiration ; Young Adult

BACKGROUNDS/AIMS: In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), bile duct invasion occurs far more rarely than vascular invasion and is not well characterized. In addition, the pathologic finding of bile duct invasion is not considered an independent prognostic factor for HCC following surgery. In this study, we determined the characteristics of HCC with bile duct invasion, and assessed the clinical significance of bile duct invasion. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 363 patients who underwent hepatic resection for HCC at Seoul National University Hospital (SNUH) from January 2009 to December 2011. Preoperative, operative, and pathological data were collected. The risk factors for recurrence and survival were analyzed. Subsequently, the patients were divided into 2 groups according to disease stage (American Joint Committee on Cancer/International Union Against Cancer 7th edition): early stage (T1 and 2) and advanced stage (T3 and 4) group; and risk factors in the sub-groups were analyzed. RESULTS: Among 363 patients, 13 showed bile duct invasion on pathology. Patients with bile duct invasion had higher preoperative total bilirubin levels, greater microvascular invasion, and a higher death rate than those without bile duct invasion. In multivariate analysis, bile duct invasion was not an independent prognostic factor for survival for the entire cohort, but, was an independent prognostic factor for early stage. CONCLUSIONS: Bile duct invasion accompanied microvascular invasion in most cases, and could be used as an independent prognostic factor for survival especially in early stage HCC (T1 and T2).
Bile Ducts* ; Bile* ; Bilirubin ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular* ; Cohort Studies ; Humans ; Joints ; Medical Records ; Mortality ; Multivariate Analysis ; Pathology ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Seoul

Doxazosin is an adrenergic alpha-1 receptor antagonist used to treat lower urinary tract symptoms that are common in prostatic hyperplasia. To our knowledge, few cases of gynecomastia and mastodynia, as a complication of adrenergic alpha-1 receptor antagonist, have been reported to date; no cases have been reported in Korea. We describe a case involving a 78-year-old man treated for prostatic hyperplasia with 13 months of doxazosin. He complained about unilateral gynecomstia and mastodynia. Five months after the discontinuation of doxazosin, the gynecomastia was significantly improved. This is the first reported case of gynecomastia and mastodynia associated with doxazosin use in Korea.
Aged ; Doxazosin* ; Gynecomastia* ; Humans ; Korea ; Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms ; Male ; Mastodynia ; Prostatic Hyperplasia

BACKGROUND: In spite of its minimal invasiveness, hemodynamic instability frequently happens during arthroscopic procedures. This study was performed to investigate the clinical efficacy of remifentanil for controlling the intra-operative hemodynamics during the performance of arthroscopic shoulder surgery. METHODS: Sixty patients (ASA class 1 and 2) who were scheduled for arthroscopic shoulder surgery were recruited for this study. After the induction and maintenance of anesthesia with thiopental sodium, rocuronium bromide, sevoflurane and nitrous oxide, the patients were randomly allocated to receive either saline or three different doses of remifentanil (0.03, 0.05 or 0.07 microg/kg/min) to assess the hemodynamic changes such as the systolic blood pressure, the diastolic blood pressure and the heart rate. RESULTS: The hemodynamics in the remifentanil groups were more stable than those in the saline group (P < 0.05), but there were some cardiovascular side effects such as hypertension (remifentanil 0.03 microg/kg/min), hypotension and bradycardia (remifentanil 0.07 microg/kg/min) with using remifentanil. CONCLUSIONS: Remifentanil 0.05 microg/kg/min under anesthetic maintenance with sevoflurane showed better hemodynamic stability than the other two remifentanil groups during arthroscopic shoulder surgery.
Androstanols ; Anesthesia ; Arthroscopy ; Blood Pressure ; Bradycardia ; Heart Rate ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Hypotension ; Methyl Ethers ; Nitrous Oxide ; Piperidines ; Shoulder ; Thiopental