Objective To investigate the variation of corticotropin-releasing hormone(CRH)in plasma,the mRNA and protein expression of c-Fos and gap junction gene connexin-43(Cx43)in the myometrium of term pregnancy women,and to study the correlations among CRH,Cx43 and c-Fos at onset of labor.Methods 30 cases in labor(L group),30 cases not in labor(NL group)but in term pregnancy, and 30 cases of non-pregnant(NP group)women undergoing hysterectomy due to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia were recruited into this clinical study.Radioimmunoassay was employed to measure the concentration of CRH in plasma;in situ hybridization assay and streptravidin-biotin peroxidase(SP) immunohistoehemical techniques were respectively used to detect the expression levels of c-Fos mRNA,Cx43 mRNA and the corresponding proteins.Results(1)The concentration of CRH in L group(81.8?11.9) pmol/L was significantly higher than that in NL group(34.5?18.6)pmol/L(P

Objective To evaluate the effect of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) on sedative efficacy during induction of anesthesia with propofol.Methods Patients,of ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ,aged 21-69 yr,scheduled for elective thyroid surgery,were randomly divided into 2 groups using a random number table:control group (group C) and TEAS group.TEAS was applied to bilateral Hegu and Neiguan acupoints for 30 min.The frequency was 2/100 Hz,wave length was 0.2-0.6 ms and the intensity was maintained at about 8-12 mA according to the current that could be tolerated.Induction of anesthesia was started at the end of TEAS.Sequential method was used to determine the median effective target plasma concentration (EC50) of propofol causing loss of consciousness in each group.The initial target plasma concentration of propofol was 3 μg/ml.BIS value was recorded every 30 s within 5-8 min after loss of consciousness and the average BIS value was calculated.It was considered to be positive response when the average BIS value was below 50.The target concentration of propofol was decreased/increased by 0.3 μg/ml in the next patient.Results EC50 of propofol causing loss of consciousness was 3.08 μg/ml in group TEAS,and 3.70 μg/ml in group C,and there was significant difference between the two groups.Conclusion TEAS can enhance the sedative efficacy during induction of anesthesia with propofol in the patients.

By using the pharmacophore model of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists as a starting point, the experiment stud- ies the method of traditional Chinese medicine formula design for anti-hypertensive. Pharmacophore models were generated by 3D-QSAR pharmacophore (Hypogen) program of the DS3.5, based on the training set composed of 33 mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists. The best pharmacophore model consisted of two Hydrogen-bond acceptors, three Hydrophobic and four excluded volumes. Its correlation coefficient of training set and test set, N, and CAI value were 0.9534, 0.6748, 2.878, and 1.119. According to the database screening, 1700 active compounds from 86 source plant were obtained. Because of lacking of available anti-hypertensive medi cation strategy in traditional theory, this article takes advantage of patent retrieval in world traditional medicine patent database, in order to design drug formula. Finally, two formulae was obtained for antihypertensive.
Antihypertensive Agents ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Databases, Factual ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Models, Molecular

Objective To investigate the efficacy of centrally fixed eyeball for assessment of the depth of anesthesia in premature infants undergoing outpatient fundus examination. Methods Fifty eight premature infants undergoing examination of fundus of eyes were enrolled in this study. Their gestational age (from the first day of last menstruation period to birth) + after birth age (from birth to the day when examination of fundus of eyes was performed) = 44-64 weeks. The patients were randomly divided into 2 groups: Ⅰ group body movement (group M, n = 27) and Ⅱ group centrally fixed eyeball (group E, n = 31). Anesthesia was induced and maintained with isoflurane inhalation. The patients were breathing spontaneously. The eyelids were kept open with speculum after induction of anesthesia. The EC50 of sevoflurane concentration which could inhibit body movement or make eyeballs centrally fixed was determined by up-and-down sequential experiment. The initial isoflurane concentration was 3% in both groups. Each time the isoflurane concentration was increased/decreased by 0.5 %. 95 % confidence interval (CI) was calculated. The lowest SpO2, respiratory rate and coughing during maintenance of anesthesia were recorded. Results The EC50 of sevoflurane (95% CI) was 2.9% (2.2%-3.6%) in group M and 3.4%(2.6%-4.6%) in group E. Examination was successfully completed in all patients. No respiratory depression and coughing occurred during examination and no vomiting and coughing were observed during feeding at 1 h after recovery from anesthesia. No body movement occurred in 15 patients whose eyeballs were centrally fixed in group E. Conclusion Centrally fixed eyeball can be used as sign of appropriate depth of anesthesia for fundus examination in premature infants.

Objective To investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine on minimal induced dose of propofol and cardiovascular responses to tracheal intubation.Methods A double-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted.Sixty patients who underwent elective laparoscopic surgery were randomly divided into the dexmedetomidine group (treatment group) and control group.Patients in treatment group were given dexmedetomidine at dose of 0.1 μg/kg · min for 10 min before anesthesia induction,and then infused with 0.4 μg/kg · h until the end.Sodium chloride injection was infused at the same rate in control group.After 10 minutes from the start of dexmedetomidine or sodium chloride injection,propofol was infused by 0.4 mg/kg · min.The dosage of propofol used was recorded when eyelash reflex disappearing,and BIS value in 40 to 60.Propofol was infusion at the same rate,and laryngoscope was incubated at 2 minutes after fentanyl and rocuronium were given.The alertness/sedation (OAA/S scores),mean arterial pressure (MAP),heart rate,pluse oxygen saturation (SpO2) and BIS values were recorded at baseline (before dexmedetomidine or sodium chloride injection infusion),5 and 10 minutes after dexmedetomidine or sodium chloride injection infusion,at the time of eyelash reflex disappearing,before endotracheal intubation,placing the laryngoscope,1,3 and 5 min after intubation.Results OAA/S scores and BIS values in the treatment group were significantly lower than that of control group at 5 minutes and 10 minutes after the dexmedetomidine or sodium chloride injection infusion(P ＜0.05).MAP in treatment group was higher than that of control group at the time of eyelash reflex disappearing,before endotracheal intubation,placing the laryngoscope,1,3 and 5 minutes after intubation (P ＜0.05).Heart rate in treatment group was lower than that of control group at 5 and 10 minutes after dexmedetomidine or sodium chloride injection infusion and before the endotracheal intubation(P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in terms of SpO2 between two groups (P ＞ 0.05).When patients consciousness disappeared and BIS values were in 40-60,the minimum induced dose of propofol was (88.00 ± 25.91) mg in treatment group and (117.33 ± 25.45) mg in control group.The dosage of propofol treatment group was obviously less than control group (t =4.423,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Dexmedetomidine reduces the minimum induced dose of propofol while maintaining more stable hemodynamic changes during anesthesia induction.However,there has no obvious inhibition effect on cardiovascular response to tracheal intubation.

Objective To investigate the current treatment of childhood bronchiolitis and wheezy bronchitis in the outpatient clinic.Methods The medication treatments of the children under 2 years old with bronchiolitis were retrospectively analyzed in the outpatient department of the Children's Hospital Affiliated to the Capital Institute of Pediatrics,during the 2 periods from November to December 2010 and July to August 2011.These children were divided into 3 groups according to age,1-6 months old group,＞ 6 months to 1 year old group and ＞ 1-2 year old group.The medications prescribed,including antibiotics,steroid,β2 agonists and anticholinergic drugs were analyzed.Results Altogether 6 198 patient visits were included.Among them,4 764 (76.86％) visits received antibiotics,4 078 (65.80％) visits received intravenous antibiotics,3 018 (48.69％) visits received systemic glucocorticoids,2 980 (48.08％) visits received intravenous steroid,3 400 (54.86％) visits received nebulization treatment,3 381 (54.55％) visits received nebulized steroid,3 417 (55.13％) visits received inhaled bronchodilators,among them,3 384 (99.03％) visits received combined nebulization of β2 agonists and anticholinergic drugs;and 826 (13.33％)visits received oral bronchodilators.In the 3 age groups,the older the age group the higher the oral bronchodilators prescription rate (6.77％,11.50％ and 18.77％,respectively).While the prescription rate of intravenous steroid,inhaled steroid and inhaled bronchodilators were lowest in the oldest(＞ 1-2 year old) group (43.65％,49.64％ and 50.00％,respectively).The average cost was 166.08 Yuan per visit,and 69.06％ was spend on drug cost.Conclusions There is a wide spread use of antibiotics,glucosteroids and bronchodilators in the treatment of bronchiolitis and wheezy bronchitis.There is a need for national guideline of bronchiolitis to standardize the management of childhood bronchiolitis in outpatient clinic.

The prescription of antibiotics for children with upper respiratory infections (URIs) in outpatient department of our hospital from November to December 2010 and from July to August 2011 were retrospectively analyzed.In 37 211 patient visits (prescriptions) with suppurative tonsillitis,laryngitis and other URIs,the antibiotic prescription rates were 90.45％ (3 626/4 009),78.77％ (2 642/3 354)and 52.25％ (15 596/29 848),respectively;the intravenous antibiotics rates were 78.22％ (3 136/4 009),60.58％ (2 032/3 354) and 16.47％ (4 915/29 848),respectively for above three conditions.For suppurative tonsillitis,the 3rd generation cephalosporins were the most commonly prescribed antibiotics (orally:51.07％,715/1 400) and(intravenously:54.88％,1 721/3 136),followed by the 2nd and first generation cephalosporins and macrolides.For laryngitis and other URIs,the 2nd generation cephalosporins were most frequently prescribed(orally:48.78％,538/1 103 and 39.16％,4 433/11 320,respectively) and (intravenously:54.38％,1 105/2 032 and 42.75％,2 101/4 915,respectively),followed by macrolides,3rd generation cephalosporins and first generation cephalosporins.No intravenous penicillin were prescribed.Oral penicillin were prescribed for 0-0.22％ of these children.The results indicate that antibiotics prescription rates are high for children with upper respiratory infections,particularly the prescription of broad spectrum antibiotics and intravenous antibiotics,while penicillin is seldom prescribed.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of nephrotic syndrome in children adjunctively treated by underatured lactalbumin.Methods Thirty-six cases of nephrotic syndrome were studied for about 1 year.The changes in red blood cells of reduced glutathione(GSH) were analyzed in 18 cases of underatured lactalbumin treatment group and 18 cases of control group.The clinical presentations were observed in both groups.Results GSH levels increased in underatured lactalbumin treatment group when compared with control group.The frequency of relapse and upper respiratory tract infection in underatured lactalbumin treatment group were significantly reduced compared with control group.Conclusion Underatured lactalbumin can provide support for the potential use of an antioxidant therapy in these patients.

Objective:To supply good information integration,knowledge representation,text mining,intellectual education and data sharing services by setting up neuroinformatics ontology.Methods:By analyzing the structures and contents of current ontologies in the biomedical field,such as UMLS,Gene Ontology,Cancer Ontology,Anatomy Ontology,Disease Ontology and Drug Ontology,the concepts and their relationships of neuroinformatics were discussed and the design principles,standards and norms,building methods and basic procedures of multi-level concept semantic networks-based neuroinformatics ontology constructed by Prot?g?-OWL tool were presented in this article.Results:A multi-level concept semantic network-based OWL(web ontology language) neuroinformatics ontology was built.Conclusion:The neuroinformatics ontology can bring about explicit definitions of concepts and their relationships in the field of neuroinformatics from different formal models,build clear theoretical framework for neuroinforma-tics,achieve a common understanding of related field knowledge and supply good services of information integration,knowledge representation,text mining,intelligent education and data sharing.

Microbial metabolomics is a subject that chiefly studying all the low molecular weight metabolites in an organism or cells during their growing process. The progress of analytical technology promotes microbial metabolomics to make advancement. In this paper, the commonly used analytical technology, sample preparation and its application were discussed and the prospects of the analytical methods were also discussed.