BACKGROUND:Cartilage is an avascular tissue and has a limited capacity for self-repair after injury. There are various methods for the treatment of articular cartilage injury ranging from conservation therapy to invasive surgery. With the development of tissue engineering technology, it provides a new way for treating articular cartilage injury. OBJECTIVE:To review the new development of tissue engineering technology for repairing articular cartilage injury. METHODS:The PubMed database and CNKI database were retrieved for articles from 2000 to 2013 by the first author with computer in May 2013. The key words were“cartilage tissue engineering, cartilage defect, stem cell, scaffold, growth factor”in English and Chinese. A total of 64 articles were included which related to cartilage regeneration and cartilage tissue engineering. For the articles in the same field, those published recently or in authorized journals were selected. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The three elements of cartilage tissue engineering, seed cells, scaffolds and cytokines, must be coordinated and mutual y beneficial development. At present, the research of tissue engineering for repairing articular cartilage injury has made a great progress. But the application in clinic has not enforced yet which is limited in experimental exploration stage. With the continuous development of new materials, the new tissue engineering cartilage repair materials should meet the requirement of material science and biological science, thus making the materials closely meet the biological characteristics of the self tissues. The animal studies wil turn to clinical experiments with the support of new technique, which make a breakthrough in the treatment of articular cartilage injury.

Objective To discuss the pathogenesis and clinical characteristics of acute relapsing pancreatitis .Methods The clini-cal data and relevant data of 274 acute pancreatitis cases from January 2010 to and December 2012 were analyzed ,of which one group of 231 cases were first onset and the other group of 43 cases were relapsing .Results The probability of relapse of acute pan-creatitis were highest from 1 month to half a year after first onset (20 cases ,accounting for 46 .51% );biliary factors were the major causes of first onset and relapse cases ,where the relapsing group was higher than first onset group ,with statistical significance (P<0 .05);the relapsing group had more severe symptoms of hyperlipidemia than the first onset group ,with significant difference (P<0 .05) ,The relative risk (OR value) of relevant factors were higher than biliary factors ;improper diet ,alcohol and other factors of the relapsing group were lower than the first onset group ,without statistical significance (P> 0 .05);there was no significant difference between the occurrence rate of severe pancreatitis and the occurrence rate of surgeries and deaths .Conclusion Biliary diseases and hyperlipidemia are closely related with the relapse of acute pancreatitis .

The mammalian TOR ( mTOR ) pathway is a key regulator of cell growth and proliferation which is also a fundamentally important player in a large variety of human diseases. The pathway regulates many key cellular processes and is implicated in a large number of pathological conditions, including cancer, obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, age - related diseases and other proliferative disease. It integrates signals from nutrients, energy status and growth factors to regulate many processes, including autophagy, ribosome biogenesis and metabolism. Our article reviews the advancement of laboratory results on mTOR pathway in proliferative diseases in ophthalmology.

Combined Modality Therapy ; Digestive System Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms ; surgery ; Humans ; Treatment Outcome

The incidence of breast cancer increased rapidly in recent years. Breast cancer has become the most frequent malignant tumor of female especially in the developed regions. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is effective in treating breast cancer, but its theories appear hysteretic, restricting the progress in clinical practice, teaching and research of TCM in the treatment of breast cancer. This article described the significance and urgency to work out the standardization of syndrome differentiation based on stages for breast cancer and put it into practice. It also analyzed the foundations, ideas and approaches of the research of standardization of syndrome differentiation based on stages for breast cancer in light of the changes of spectrum of diseases, the weaknesses of modern medicine in treating breast cancer, and the existed problems in the update clinical practice.

The study on use of traditional Chinese medicine in perioperative management of breast cancer is still in the beginning phase. With the emergence of new understanding about the biological characteristics of breast cancer, the concept of treatment has changed. For instance, the resection extent is tending to be narrower, large doses of radiotherapy may be adopted during the operation, and early use of adjuvant chemotherapy is advocated after the operation. These have bought about changes to the intervention factors in the perioperative period for breast cancer. Some related problems about the participation of traditional Chinese medicine in perioperative management of breast cancer are discussed in this article, so as to make the perioperative management perfect.

China ; Computer Communication Networks ; Disease Notification ; Humans ; Occupational Diseases ; prevention & control ; Occupational Health Services ; methods

Objective To explore the teaching effects of theory and practice integrated teaching model in small class teaching of ENT nursing. Methods Two classes of nursing students from grade two were randomly selected as experiment group and control group with 120 students in each group. The experiment group was treated with theory and practice integrated teaching model in small class and the control group with traditional practice. The teaching effects of the two groups were compared by test results as well as questionnaire survey . Result The teaching effect in the experiment group was significantly better than that of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion The theory and practice integrated teaching model in small classes can promote the students' interest in learning and mobilize their initiative and enthusiasm to master theoretical knowledge and specialist skills.

0. 05). Conclusion H. pylori infection induces the elevation of COX-2 but not COX-1 expression in mice gastric mucosa. The expression of COX-2 in epithelial cells remained high even after H. pylori eradication.

AIM: To study the protective effect of aerobic exercise on cardiac dysfunction in mice and its mechanism, and to provide theoretical and practical basis for the exercise therapy of diabetic cardiac dysfunction .METH-ODS:The mice were divided into normal control non-exercise (NNC) group, normal control exercise (ENC) group, dia-betic non-exercise (NDM) group and diabetic exercise (EDM) group.At the end of the experiment , the cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiography .The pathological changes of the myocardial tissues and the development of fibrosis were observed.The mRNA expression of ANP, and the protein levels of PI3K (p110α) and Akt were determined.RESULTS:The decrease in cardiac function of diabetic mice was observed , and the cardiac function recovered after exercise interven-tion (P<0.05).Under light microscope with HE and Masson staining , the myocardial structure in NDM group was in ex-treme disorder , cell arrangement was not neat , and the degree of fibrosis increased , but the myocardial damage was im-proved in ENC group .Compared with NNC group , the mRNA expression of ANP in the myocardium of diabetic mice was up-regulated (P<0.05).The protein levels of PI3K (p110α) and Akt were decreased (P<0.05), and the cascade was inactivated.Compared with NDM group , the mRNA expression of ANP was down-regulated and the protein levels of PI 3K (p110α) and Akt were up-regulated in EDM group (P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Diabetes results in myocardial damage in mice, and reduces cardiac function .Exercise intervention alleviates the heart dysfunction induced by high glucose via activating PI3K( p110α)/Akt signaling pathway to protect the structure and function of the myocardium .