The decreased occupational dose limit for eye lens has lead to an extensive focus on the eye lens dose monitoring and protection for occupational staff in interventional procedures.Based on the literature investigation of existing measurement and calculation results,the efficiency and influence factors of eye lens protective equipments for interventional staff are analyzed,and the suggestions for selection and use of them are provided.The main contribution to the eye lens dose to interventional staff is unshielded radiation which reaches the eyes directly.The key factors to inflence the efficiency of eye lens protective equipment is the geometric conditions such as structure,beam projection,position arrangement and operator postures,instead of lead equivalent thickness.Equipment of 0.5 mm lead equivalent thickness is enough to protect the eye lens of interventional staff.The combination of lead glasses and lead barrier can provide better protection in clinical practice.

Objective By detecting the variation of long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCHAD) DNA methylation in preeclampsia-like mouse models generated by different ways, to explore the roles of multifactor and multiple pathways in preeclampsia pathogenesis on molecular basis. Methods Established preeclampsia-like mouse models in different ways and divided into groups as follows: (1) Nw-nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester (L-NAME) group: wild-type pregnant mouse received subcutaneous injection of L-NAME;(2) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group:wild-type pregnant mouse received intraperitoneal injection of LPS; (3) apolipoprotein C-Ⅲ (ApoC3) group: ApoC3 transgenic pregnant mouse with dysregulated lipid metabolism received subcutaneous injection of L-NAME;(4)β2 glycoprotein I (β-2GPI) group:wild-type pregnant mouse received subcutaneous injection ofβ-2GPI. According to the first injection time (on day 3, 11, 16 respectively), the L-NAME, LPS and ApoC3 groups were further subdivided into:pre-implantation (PI) experimental stage, early gestation (EG) experimental stage, and late gestation (LG) experimental stage.β-2GPI group was only injected before implantation. LCHAD gene methylation levels in placental were detected in different experimental stage. Normal saline control groups were set within wild-type and ApoC3 transgenic pregnant mice simultaneously. Results (1) CG sites in LCHAD DNA:45 CG sites were detected in the range of 728 bp before LCHAD gene transcription start site, the 5, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 19, 24, 25, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 34, 35, 43 CG sites were complex sites which contained two or more CG sequences, others were single site which contained one CG sequence. The 3, 5, 6, 11, 13, 14, 18, 28 sites in L-NAME, LPS, ApoC3 and β-2GPI groups showed different high levels of methylation; the 16, 25, 31, 42, 44 sites showed different low levels of methylation; other 32 sites were unmethylated. (2) Comparison of LCHAD gene methylation between different groups:the methylation levels of LCAHD gene at 3, 11, 13, 14, 18 sites in L-NAME, LPS, ApoC3 andβ-2GPI groups were significantly higher than those in the normal saline control group (P<0.05); and the methylation levels of 42, 44 sites in these groups were significantly lower than those in the normal saline control group (P<0.05). (3) Methylation of LCHAD gene at the same site between different experimental stages: ① The 3, 11, 18 sites of EG experimental stage was significantly lower than PI and LG experimental stage in L-NAME group (P<0.05);the 3, 11, 18 sites of PI experimental stage was significantly lower than EG and LG experimental stage in LPS group (P<0.05);these sites of PI experimental stage was significantly higher than EG and LG experimental stages in ApoC3 group (P<0.05).②The methylation of site 5 in L-NAME and LPS groups were significantly higher than that of the normal saline control group (P<0.05), and the LG experimental stages were significantly higher than other stages, but in ApoC3 group , only PI and EG stages were significantly higher than the normal saline control group (P<0.05).③At site 6 in L-NAME group which showed high methylation level was significantly higher than the same site in other groups which showed low methylation level (P<0.05).④At 13, 14 sites, earlier preeclampsia onset caused a lower methylation level in L-NAME group, but PI experimental stage was significantly higher than EG and LG experimental stages in LPS group (P<0.05), EG experimental stage was significantly higher than PI and LG experimental stages in ApoC3 group (P<0.05). ⑤ At site 28, earlier preeclampsia onset caused a higher methylation level in L-NAME group, but PI experimental stage was significantly lower than EG and LG experimental stages in LPS group (P<0.05), EG experimental stage was significantly higher than PI and LG experimental stages in ApoC3 group (P<0.05).⑥The 16, 25, 31 sites in ApoC3 group were significantly higher than other groups (P<0.05). ⑦ At site 42 in β-2GPI group was unmethylated, but it in other groups showed low methylation level, the methylation level of site 42 inβ-2GPI group was significantly lower than that in other groups (P<0.05). Conclusions The methylation of 6 and 42 CG sites may be related to LCHAD gene expression in placenta of L-NAME and β-2GPI induced preeclampsia-like models respectively;LCHAD gene expression and DNA methylation may not have obviouscorrelation in LPS and ApoC3 induced preeclampsia-like models. Differences exist in LCHAD DNA methylation in preeclampsia-like models generated by different ways, revealed a molecular basis to expand our understanding of the multi-factorial pathogenesis of preeclampsia.

Objective To establish a rapid and precise continuous flow-injection chemiluminescence (CL) method for the determination of perphenazine. Methods In HNO_3 medium, perphenazine could be oxidated by ceriuim (IV) and CL was proportional to the perphenazine concentration without any sensitizers. Thus, a new flow-injection CL method was developed. Results Under the optimized conditions, the proposed method allowed the determination range within 1.0?10~ -7 -7.0?10~ -5 g/mL with the detection limit of 8.0?10~ -8 g/mL. Eleven parallel assays were conducted on perphenazine of 1.0?10~ -6 g/mL, with the relative standard deviation of 1.8%. Conclusion The method is simple, rapid, precise, and sensitive, and has broad linear range; therefore, it has been applied to the the determination of the perphenazine in tablets with satisfactory results.

The main objective of this research is to investigate the effects of astragaloside IV, calycosin separately glucoside, formononetin on oxidative stress in Chang Liver cells induced by H2O2. In the experiments, Chang Liver cells (a kind of normal human hepatocytes) were used as the research object, bifendate which has a clear hepatoprotective effect was used as the positive control drug, then the oxidative damage model of Chang Liver cells were established by H2O2. Cells were divided into six groups: blank control group, oxidative stress group, astragaloside IV group, calycosin separately glucoside group, formononetin group and positive control group. Then endogenous antioxidant system related indexes were detected by micro plate and colorimetric method; intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected by DCFH-DA fluorescent probe; and the expressions of CYP2E1 were evaluated by liver microsomes, mRNA, and protein, respectively with spectrophotometry, Real-time PCR method, and Western blot technique. Results showed that H2O2 decreased antioxidant activity, and increased ROS level and expression of CYP2E1. The above oxidative stress status had been changed with protections of the three components of Astragalus membranaceus (compared with oxidative stress group, P < 0.05, P < 0.01), which taken as a whole had equivalent effects as the drug of positive control group( bifendate). Taken together, three Astragalus membranaceus ingredients all had significant or extremely significant inhibiting effects on oxidative damaged Chang Liver cells which were induced by H2O2, and the oxidative damage of Chang Liver cells had been relieved.
Astragalus membranaceus ; chemistry ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1 ; metabolism ; Humans ; Isoflavones ; pharmacology ; Liver ; drug effects ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism ; Saponins ; pharmacology ; Triterpenes ; pharmacology

ObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy of combined therapy of mild hypothermia and hibernation to treat severe brain injury. Methods24 patients with severe brain injury were randomly divided into combined therapy group and normothermia group. Glasgow Coma Scale scores of all the patients were in the range of 3 to 8. No later than 10 hours after their injury, hypothermia patients were given half dosage of No.1 hibernation cocktail and had been cooled by cooling blankets to 32℃-34℃ (rectal temperature) for 5 days, then to 35℃ for 24 hours, and slowly increased to their normal level. 3 days and 7 days after their admission, intracranial pressure,creatine phosphate kinase,partial pressure of arterial O2 and CO2, platelet and Na+,K+ were measured.7 days after their admission, Glasgow Outcome Scale scores of each patient and mortality of each group were measured. ResultsThe mortality of combined therapy group(25.0%) was significantly lower than that of normothermia group (66.6%,P<0.05). The decreased values of intracranial pressure, creatine phosphate kinase and platelet number of combined therapy group were all significantly higher than that of normothermia group respectively (P<0.05). There were no significant difference in mean artery pressure, blood electrolyte, and partial pressure of arterial O2 and CO2 between these two groups(P>0.05). ConclusionThe combined therapy of mild hypothermia and hibernation can effectively reduce the mortality of patients with severe brain injury as it is much easier, less invasive and with less complications.

Pregnancy ; Humans ; Female ; Cesarean Section/adverse effects* ; Abdominal Cavity ; Neoplasms

Objective To investigate the effects of chronic ethanol exposure and withdrawal on the expression of actin-binding protein cofilin,p-cofilin and cyclin-dependent kinase-5 (cdk5) in the nucleus accumbens and striatum in rat brain.Methods Twenty-four male SD rats were randomly divided into one control group and three experimental groups.In the experimental groups,ethanol was administered in drinking water at the concentration of 6％ (V/V) for two months.Rats in control group drank normal drinking water.After two months ethanol was removed and ethanol withdrawal syndromes were evaluated.Rats were sacrificed on withdrawal 0 h,withdrawal 6 h and withdrawal 2 d.The expression levels of cofilin,p-cofilin(ser3)and cdk5 in the rat brain were measured by immunohistochemistry methods.Results Withdrawal syndrome scores of ethanol fed rats were obviously higher than those of control rats after ethanol was removed,the highest score occurred at 6 h after ethanol withdrawal.In the nucleus accumbens area of rat brain,the levels of cofilin on withdrawal 0 h significantly decreased compared with control group ((0.31±0.05),(0.39± 0.05),P＜ 0.05).The levels of cdk5 on withdrawal 0 h and withdrawal 6 h significantly increased compared with control group((0.36±0.07),(0.34±0.07),(0.25±0.05),P＜0.05).In the striatum of rat brain,the levels of cofilin on withdrawal 0 h significantly decreased compared with control group ((0.26±0.04),(0.34±0.05),P＜0.05).The levels of p-cofilin on withdrawal 6 h significantly increased compared with control group((0.43±0.06),(0.30±0.06),P＜0.01).The levels of cdk5 on withdrawal 0 h significantly increased compared with control group((0.35±0.06),(0.26±0.05),P＜0.05),and the levels of cofilin on withdrawal 6 h significantly decreased compared with control group((0.37±0.06),(0.26±0.05),P＜0.01).Conclusion Chronic ethanol exposure can induce the development of ethanol dependence,and it accompanies with changes in the expression of actin-binding protein and cdk5 in the brain of rats.

8 ?g/ml were 7 strains in prophylactic treatment group and 3 strains in non-fluconazole prophylactic treatment group respectively.The two groups had significant difference (x~2=8.75,P

Objective:To observe the efficacy and safety of dexzopiclone plus auricular acupressure in intervening primary insomnia.Methods:A total of 72 participants who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled in a randomized controlled trial,with 36 cases allocated to a treatment group and 36 cases allocated to a control group.Both groups were given dexzopiclone as the routine treatment.Patients in the treatment group were given auricular acupressure with Wang Bu Liu Xing (Semen Vaccariae) seeds at the auricular acupoints related to sleep and emotion based on meridian theory,whereas for patients in the control group,the medical plasters with Wang Bu Liu Xing (Semen Vaccariae) seeds were only gently stuck to acupoints unrelated to sleep without stimulation.Patients in both groups were required to visit the hospital once a week for replacing the seeds and plasters.The course of intervention lasted for 8 weeks and the patients were followed up for another 4 weeks.Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) and Karolinska sleep diary (KSD) were used to evaluate the outcomes.Meanwhile,adverse effects were monitored and recorded.Results:In the enrolled 72 cases,4 patients (one in the treatment group and three in the control group) reported thirst and a bitter taste,and one case in the control group reported nausea and vomiting.At last,3 cases in the control group dropped out for adverse reactions,and 69 cases completed the clinical trial.After 8 weeks of treatment,the global scores of PSQI in both treatment and control groups decreased significantly compared with the baseline (both P＜0.001).Furthermore,the global score of PSQI in the treatment group was lower than that in the control group (P＜0.01).The global scores of PSQI in both groups at the follow-up were significantly different from the baseline (both P＜0.001),but insignificantly different compared with the post-treatment results (both P＞0.05).According to KSD,both treatment protocols could prolong the total sleep time,shorten sleep-onset latency,improve sleep efficacy and sleep quality significantly,and the changes in the treatment group were more significant.The total effective rate was 88.9％ in the treatment group,higher than 81.8％ in the control group,though the difference was statistically insignificant (P＞0.05).Conclusion:Dexzopiclone plus auricular acupressure is effective and safe for patients with primary insomnia both in short and long terms,and it is more effective than monotherapy of dexzopiclone.

Objective To investigate the levels of serum vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) and relationships with c1inicopatho1ogica1 characteristics and their clinical significance. Methods The concentrations of serum VEGF and bFGF were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) in 40 patients with NSCLC before and after chemotherapy. Results The level of serum VEGF in patients with Ⅳ stage NSCLC was significantly higher than that of Ⅲ stage(P