WNT signaling has been identified as one of the key signaling pathways in cancer,regulating cell growth,motility and differentiation.Because of its widespread activation in diverse human tumor diseases,the WNT pathway has gained considerable and growing interest in tumor research in recent years.

PPAR? is a kind of nuclear receptors responsible for the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolisim and adipocyte difference,which is related with the pathogenesis of obesity,insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus.PPAR? agonists as insulin sensitizer have been used in the clinical treatment for type 2 diabetes for more than decades.Recently,with the further research plunging into the PPAR signaling pathway and insulin sensitizer,the recognition of this crucial nuclear receptor has been renewed and developed.The aim of this review is to report the update research outcomes.

Objective:To inve tigate the value o electron beam tomography and echocardiography or diagno ing the comple congenital heart di ea e . Method :Thirty our patient with comple congenital heart di ea e underwent both echocardiography and electron beam tomography,which wa con irmed by angiocardiography in 18 patient .Twenty one patient were operated on.All data were comparatively analyzed Re ult :The rate o diagno i coincidence in diagno ing comple congenital heart di ea e wa 82 4% or electron beam tomography,and 73 5% or echocardiography.The accuracy o electron beam tomography in diagno ing e tracardiac abnormal tructure wa 97 9% and obviou ly higher than 53 2% by echocardiography.The accuracy o echocardiography in diagno ing intracardiac abnormal tructure wa 95 9% and higher than 81 6% by electron beam tomography.Electron beam tomography and echocardiography had a imilar accuracy or diagno ing abnormal tructure at the junction o ve el with cardiac chamber. Conclu ion:Electron beam tomography combined with echocardiography can greatly improve the diagno i accuracy o comple congenital heart di ea e and can al o reduce the u e o inva ive angiocardiography.

Objective To investigate CT features of adrenal neoplasms.Methods 9 cases of rare adrenal neoplasms were verified with operation and histology.3 cases were ganglioneuroma,2 cases were neuroblastoma and the remaining four were cyst,neurofibroma,lipoma and mesenchymoma.Results Adrenal cyst,neuroblastoma and lipoma had their obvious CT features.All adrenal ganglioneuroma,neurofibroma and mesenchymoma had low or equivalent density.Ganglioneuroma and neurofibroma had no enhancement but mesenchymoma had slight or moderate enhancement.Conclusion It is difficult or impossible to distinguish these tumors,except cyst,neuroblastoma and lipoma,from non-function adenoma or pheochromocytoma.

Objective To evaluate the effect of mild hypothermia on the recovery from cisatracurium blockade during the recovery from anesthesia in patients .Methods Thirty ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients , aged 18-64 yr , with body mass index 18-25 kg/m2 , scheduled for elective abdominal surgery under general anesthesia ,were enrolled in the study .The patients were divided into 2 groups according to the body temperature recorded when cisatracurium infusion was stopped at the end of surgery .The body temperature 36.0-36.9 ℃served as normothermia group (group N , n=14 ) and 34.0-35.9 ℃ served as mild hypothermia group (group H , n= 16 ) . The body temperature was measured by a thermocouple placed in the nasopharynx . Neuromuscular function was monitored by measuring the evoked mechanical response of the adductor pollicis muscle to supramaximal train-of-four (TOF) stimulation (frequency 2 Hz ,wave length 0.2 ms ,intensity 50 mA ,interval 15 s) of the ulnar nerve at the wrist using TOF-Watch SX? .Cisatracurium was intravenously infused at 1-3μg·kg-1 ·min-1 during surgery to maintain neuromuscular block with 1%

Objective To study the prostate volume of normal children and adolescents and to evaluate the development of prostate central zone and peripheral zone.To provide the preliminary MRI standards of prostate growth and development for nomal Chinese children and adolescents.Methods Five hundred and fifty eight healthy male volunteers,aged from 2 to 25 years were retrospectively analysed.They were divided into 5 groups by the ages (group A:2 to 5 years,group B:6 to 10 years,group C:11 to 15 years,group D:16 to 20 years and group E:21 to 25 years).All the volunteers underwent conventional MRI examinations at our institution (T2WI axial and coronal image acquisition).The prostate volume of different age groups were measured,the development of the central zone and peripheral zone were scored by two radiologists,and the datas were treated by Nonparametric test.Results Group A children's prostate nearly not development,only individual MRI measurable its size; Group B most not development,only 6 children visible prostate form,but can't distinguish the anatomical division; Group C prostate gland development better,MRI can measure the size,but distinguish its central and peripheral area is difficult ; Group D prostate gland development rapidly,differences are obvious,but only a few central and peripheral area boundary clear; Group E the central and peripheral area boundary clear,form full,T2 WI signal contrast clear.The median prostate volumes of 5 groups were 0.000,0.000,2.450,7.990 and 10.600 cm3,respectively(x2 =215.452,P ＜ 0.01).The median prostate scores of 5 groups were 0.04,0.31,1.34,2.23 and 2.60,the prostate volumes were significant difference among these 5 groups except group A and group B(x2 =127.460,P ＜0.01),there were significant difference among the volumes and the scores of these five groups (P ＜0.01).Conclusions MRI provided the basis of objective and truth for the the measurements of volume and the observations of prostate development in this study,that offers preliminary reference range for normal Chinese children and adolescents prostate development status.

Objective To investigate CT findings of atypical pheochromocytoma.Methods 18 cases of atypical pheochromocytoma were verified with operation and pathology.2 cases were extra-adrenal pheochromocytoma,3 cases were bilateral or multiple pheochromocytoma,7 cases were non-function pheochromocytoma and malignant pheochromocytoma were 6 cases.Results All atypical pheochromocytoma showed equivalent density mass with necrosis in CT scanning,calcification was rare.Most of them had strong enhancement in parenchyma.Conclusion (1)Atypical pheochromocytoma has high tendency to malignance.(2)CT has high locational and qualitative rate in diagnosing atypical pheochromocytoma but can not different malignance from benign pheochromocytoma,except the mass has metastatic signs.The diagnosis of non-function pheochromocytoma has to consider biochemical and other examination.

Keriorrhoea is the involuntarily passing of orange oil per rectum. One of us (PMB) had the misfortune to experience this symptom, together with considerable gastrointestinal disturbances for a prolonged period of time after consumption of a deep sea fish, orange roughy, which is rich in liquid wax esters (LWEs). This paper presents a summary of available evidence concerned with the physiology and pathology of ingestion of LWEs, which can enter the human diet in substantial amounts from consumption of several species of deep-sea fish. LWEs are poorly digested and absorbed by the human body. They generally cause keriorrhoea when ingested deliberately or accidentally. Jojoba oil, which is a plant LWE, together with certain nutritional products (e.g. olestra) and medical (e.g. Orlistat) which are not LWEs may mimic the effects of LWEs, and cause similar gastrointestinal disturbances. This paper discusses the potential effects of LWEs as components of gastrointestinal micelles, and predicts that the orange oil which is leaked from a bout of keriorrhoea may contain considerable volumes of triacylglycerols (TAGs).
Lipase

Objective To analyze the clinical features of acute leukemia(AL) with positive mixed lineage leukemia(MLL)fusion gene in children,and explore their treatment protocols,prognosis factors,and so on.Methods Clinical features,treatment protocols,and prognosis factors were studied retrospectively among 51 AL patients with MLL fusion gene.MLL fusion gene was detected by morphology immunology,cytogenetics,molecul arbiology and reverse transcrption polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Results Fifty-one AL patients with MLL fusion gene positive,included 37 cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL) and 14 cases of acute myelocytic leukemia(AML).Forty-two patients exhibited abnormal clonal chromosome 11.MLL fusion gene rearrangements and MLL fusion gene partial tandem duplication were found among 36 cases and 15 cases,respectively.Thirty-two cases who received regular chemotherapy were followed up.Twenty-four cases including 19 cases of ALL and 5 cases of AML had achieved complete remission(CR).Six cases including 5 cases of ALL and 1 cases of AML had achieved more than 2 years CR.Sixteen cases were alive update including 12 cases of ALL and 4 cases of AML.Ten cases of positive MLL fusion gene were turning negative.Up to now,6 cases relapsed and 6 cases were dead.Conclusions The incidence of AL children with positive MLL fusion gene is low.It has some features,such as,high replapse rate and poor prognosis.A few patients sensitive to chemotherapies can achieve CR.They live with constant negative MLL fusion gene.

Objective To evaluate the value of measurement of the width of pars compacta of substantia nigra(SNc) and SNc's ratio to midbrain diameter in diagnosing Parkinson's disease(PD) and differentiating PD from vascular parkinsonism(VP) on routine MRI.Methods The width of SNc, midbrain diameter, and SNc's ratio to midbrain diameter were measured in 60 patients with PD (38 patients with Hoehn-Yahr stage Ⅰ～Ⅱ, 14 patients with Hoehn-Yahr stage Ⅲ, and 8 patients with Hoehn-Yahr stage Ⅳ), 60 patients with VP (26 patients with Hoehn-Yahr stage Ⅰ～Ⅱ, 20 patients with Hoehn-Yahr stage Ⅲ, and 14 patients with Hoehn-Yahr stage Ⅳ), and 60 age-matched heathly control subjects by means of routine axial T 2-weighted MRI. The results of measurement were analyzed and compared.Results Significant reduction was found in the width of SNc and SNc's ratio to midbrain diameter in PD compared those in VP and control subjects(P