Objective To investigate the incidence of dental fluorosis,urinary fluoride level and intelligence of children who lived in the coal-burning-borne endemic fluorosis areas and to reveal the effects of comprehensive control measures on intelligence of children in this area.Methods Children aged 8-12 who lived in coal-burning-borne endemic fluorosis areas in Bijie City of Guizhou Province were selected and divided into two groups according to the duration of comprehensive treatments given:long treatment group (Xiaba Village and Zhongtun Village,furnace stovewas changed and comprehensive control measure of health education was carried out for more than 3 years) and short treatment group(Chadi Village and Maoliping Village,stoves were improved and health education time ＜ 1 year).The children who lived in a non-fluorosis area were selected as controls in 2012.Dental fluorosis was diagnosed by the method of Dean; urinary fluoride was analyzed by the method of fluoride-ion selective electrode; and the intelligence quotient (IQ) was measured by Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices Test.Results The number of children surveyed in control group was 104,long treatment group was 298,short treatment group was 339,and the incidence rates of dental fluorosis were 0 (0/104),725％(216/298) and 85.2％ (289/339),respectively,and the incidence rates of dental fluorosis in children lived in the endemic fluorosis areas were significantly increased compared with that of control group; the difference of incidence rates between long treatment group and short treatment group was statistically significantly(x2 =15.736,P ＜ 0.01).Urinary fluoride content were (2.33 ± 0.18) and (3.03 ± 0.16)mg/L,respectively,compared with the control group[(1.34 ± 0.64) mg/L],the values in endemic fluorosis areas were significantly higher(F =306.53,P ＜ 0.01).Above average IQ of children in the control group was 97.1％ (101/104),which was significantly higher than that of long and short treatment groups; after a lengthy treatment,mental retardation detection rate was significantly lower in the low-age group,8-10 year-old ehildren(x2 =7.542,P ＜ 0.01).Urinary fluoride content was negatively correlated with the level of IQ (r =-0.553,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions The intelligence development of children in coal-burning-borne endemic fluorosis area is significantly delayed.After a certain period of comprehensive treatment,the decreased level of cognition is inhibited and the mental retardation in the low-age group is improved.

Objective To compare the difficult degree,differences in gastric pouch volume,the complications,and postoperative weight loss effect of two gastric pouch practices in laparoscopic gastric bypass for bariatrics.Methods We retrospectively analyzed laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery in 76 bariatrics cases from May 2010 to May 2012.Two methods were used to create gastric pouch,among which 39 cases were operated with the dissection landmark method (called dissection),and 37 cases with bougie airbags 30 ml (called the bougie).Parameters were compared between the 2 groups including operation time for gastric pouch,the amount of staple cartridges,intraoperative complications,blood loss,and postoperative excess weight loss percentage (EWL ％),the postoperative bleeding,obstruction,fistula and other complications.Results All patients were followed up for more than one month.The dissection group used longer time in creating gastric pouch than that in the bougie group [(58 ± 27) min,(42 ±21) min,P ＜ 0.01].The number of staple cartridges used were significantly different between the two groups [(6.2 ±3.0),(4.3 ± 2.0),P ＜ 0.01].There were 10 cases of complications in the dissection group (26％),and 3 cases in the bougie group (8％) (P ＜0.05).One month after the surgery,one each patient had transient hematochezia.There was no gastric pouch-related complications in the two groups postoperation.There was no difference in excess weight loss (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The two methods can achieve the same effect on excess weight loss.The bougie method used less time in creating the gastric pouch,less consumable materials,and less complications occurred in creating gastric pouch.

Objective To investigate the efficacies of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy + duodenojejunal bypass (DJB) and laparoscopic gastric bypass in the treatment of patients with non-obese type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods The clinical data of 42 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and body mass index (BMI) ＜ 30 kg/m2 received surgical treatment at the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from January 2012 to June 2013 were retrospectively analyzed.Fifteen patients received laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy + DJB (Sleeve + DJB group),and 27 received Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB group).The follow-up time for all the patients was more than 6 months.The decrease of BMI,complete remission of T2DM,decrease of fasting glycemia and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAlc),postoperative nutritional condition and the incidence of complications of the 2 groups were compared.The measurement data were analyzed using the t test and the repeated measurement chi-square test.Results The operation time of the Sleeve + DJB group and the RYGB group were (137 ± 61)minutes and (89 ± 43) minutes,with significant difference between the 2 groups (t =6.158,P ＜ 0.05).No mortality and hemorrhage,bowel obstruction and anastomotic stenosis were detected.One patient was complicated with bile leakage in the Sleeve + DJB group,and was cured by conservative treatment 5 days later.The levels of fasting glucose before operation and at postoperative month 1,3,6 were (8.9 ± 0.7) mmol/L,(5.8 ± 1.3) mmoL/L,(5.6 ±1.8) mmol/L and (5.7 ± 0.3) mmol/L in the Sleeve + DJB group,and (9.9 ± 1.2) mmol/L,(6.9 ± 0.8) mmol/L,(6.6 ± 2.2) mmol/L and (5.6 ± 0.8) mmol/L,with no significant difference between the 2 groups (F =1.670,2.932,0.444,0.158,P ＞ 0.05).The levels of HbAle before operation and at postoperative months 1,3,6 were 7.4％± 1.4％,6.5％ ±0.6％,5.7％±0.5％,5.9％ ±0.6％ in the Sleeve + DJB group,and 7.7％± 2.0％,6.8％ ± 1.3％,5.7％±0.8％,5.6％ ± 1.1％ in the RYGB group,with no significant difference between the 2 groups (F =0.055,0.125,0.005,0.286,P ＞ 0.05).The remission rates of T2DM of the Sleeve + DJB group and the RYGB group were 14/15 and 74.1％ (20/27) at postoperative month 6,with no significant difference between the 2 groups (x2 =2.320,P ＞ 0.05).The decrease rate of BMI of the Sleeve + DJB group and the RYGB group were 18.2％±9.5％ and 21.2％ ± 4.9％,with no significant difference between the 2 groups (t =0.982,P ＞0.05).The numbers of patients with postoperative anaemia,avitaminosis and diarrhea were 0,0,2 in the Sleeve + DJB group and 3,2,6 in the RYGB group,with no significant difference between the 2 groups (x2=1.795,1.167,0.908,P ＞0.05).The BMIs of all the patients were above 19 kg/m2.Conclusion The effects and incidence of postoperative complications of Sleeve + DJB for the treatment of T2DM are comparable to those of RYGB.Sleeve + DJB has less interference on the nutritional condition of patients compared with RYGB.

The present of atlanto-axial pedicle screw fixation through posterior approach provide a new remedy for treating instability of pillow and cervical. A lot of researches have reported feasibility of atlanto-axial pedicle screw fixation, the results showed that it had advantages of easily exposure, less blood loss, shorter operative time, especially in treating as remedy fixation for atlanto-axial joint screw, atlas lateral mass screws and pedicle screw caused by injuries of tumor,inflammation and trauma. If not done properly, it can cause serious complications, such as iatrogenic fracture,injuries of vertebral artery and cervical spinal cord. Therefore,the safty and effectiveness of atlanto-axial pedicle screw fixation may be focus of research.
Atlanto-Axial Joint ; surgery ; Bone Screws ; utilization ; Cervical Atlas ; surgery ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; instrumentation ; methods ; trends ; Humans ; Spinal Fractures ; surgery

Animals ; Cattle ; China ; epidemiology ; Echinococcosis ; epidemiology ; parasitology ; transmission ; Echinococcus granulosus ; pathogenicity ; Humans ; Seasons

Objective HupA is one of the potential drugs which can be used to treat Alzheimer's disease(AD).The aim of this study was to explore the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of HupA in vivo by using 11C-HupA.Methods A total of 25 SD rats were studied.They were divided into 5 groups (5 rats in each group).All had intravenous injection of 22 MBq(in0.2 ml)11C-HupA through tail vein.Dynamic im-aging Was acquired from 5 to 90 minutes after injection.Venous blood and organ activities were collected at 5,15,30,60.and 90 minutes after injection.Percentage activity of injected dose per gram of tissue(%ID/g)was calculated to characterize the biodistribution of tracer in different brain regions: frontal,apical, temporal,occipital,cerebellum,hippocampus,striatum,thalamencephalon, and brain stem, Variance analysis using SPSS 11.5 software was performed and compared among the study groups.Results 11C-HupA was character-istic for its quick clearance from blood,with half time T1/2 of (14.61±1.77) min,and clearance rate (CL)macokinetics of 11C-HupA in rats corresponded to a one-compartment model.with an activity curve(area 11C-HupA distribution in different brain regions,being greater in cerebral cortex,hippocampus,hypothala-mus and brain stem. Conclusions Pharmacokinetic study of 11C-HupA in brain was fast.convenient and showed high specificity and sensitivity.Its ability to quantitatively evaluate brain function and its character-istic distribution in mice provided some evidence for monitoring therapy in AD patients.

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of other-infectious diarrhea (OID) in Shaanxi Province from 2006 to 2015 to further clarify the prevention and control strategies.Methods We collected data from the Infectious Disease Report Information System in China for Disease Prevention and Control and made a statistical description of the epidemiological characteristics of incidence distribution in Shaanxi from 2006 to 2015.Results Totally 207 437 cases of other-infectious diarrhea were reported in Shaanxi Province during 2006 -2015,with the average yearly incidence rate of 52.43/105.The incidence number was higher in males (126 673 cases) than in females (80 764 cases),with male-female ratio of 1.57 ∶ 1.The diseases were most serious in age groups 0-and 1-4 years,accounting for 72.48％.The top-three careers of reported cases were scattered children (74.88 ％),farmers (10.75 ％) and students (5.75 ％),respectively.The cities with the highest incidence in Shaanxi Province were Baoji,Yan'an and Ankang.Two high-incidence seasons were summer (July to August) and winter (November to December).The main pathogen of viral diarrhea was rotavirus,but laboratory-confirmed proportion was low (4.60％).Conclusion Other-infectious diarrhea,especially infection caused by rotavirus in autumn and winter,mainly occurred in children younger than 5 years old.Etiological diagnosis should be strengthened because of the poor laboratory diagnosis reporting rate.

Objective To evaluate the histologic changes in the dermis and the changes of the rate of type Ⅲ and type Ⅰ collagen by the radiofrequency device. Methods The effects of radiofrequency current on the dermis were observed. Ten rabbits were treated by radiofrequency, and the histologic change in the dermis were observed by H-E staining and Sirius red staining. Results After RF treatment, the fibers in the dermis appeared more compact and the quantity of the type Ⅲ (red) and type Ⅰ (green) collagen were both increased. The fibers in the dermis appeared more compact and the rate of type Ⅲ and type Ⅰ collagen was increased. It was also found that a significant proliferation of dermal collagen was observed in 8 days after treatment. As time went by, the proliferation of dermal collagen was more pronounced, and the rate of type Ⅲ was increased. Conclusion The radiofrequency current can increase the quantity of collagen in the dermis and increase the rate of type Ⅲ and type Ⅰ collagen, which may be one of the key mechanisms of facial rejuvenation by RF.

OBJECTIVETo compare the effects of sanjie zhentong capsule (SZC) and danazol on rats with endometriosis (EMT).

METHODSTotally 48 adult female Lewis rats were selected, 12 as the blank control group, and the rest 36 rats in the estrus cycle were used to establish the EMT model. After modeling they were randomly divided into 3 groups, i.e., the model control group, the SZC treatment group, and the danazol treatment group, 12 in each group. Four weeks later the focus was measured by a second laparotomy. The normal saline at 1 mL/day was administered to rats in the model control group, SZC at 86.4 mg/day to those in the SZC treatment group, and danazol at 7.2 mg/day to those in the danazol treatment group. All the treatment lasted for 4 weeks. At the end of the treatment, a third laparotomy was performed to measure the size of focus. The expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was detected using immunohistochemical assay. The cell apoptosis rate was detected using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxy-UTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL). The concentration of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in the peritoneal fluid and the serum were detected using ELISA.

RESULTSThere was statistical difference in the change of the focus volume between the SZC treatment group (-23.27 +/- 18.18) and the danazol treatment group (-12.28 +/- 10.04) and the model control group (13.97 +/- 7.54, P < 0.01). The expression of ectopic PCNA significantly decreased and the positive expression rate of TUNEL obviously increased in the two treatment groups when compared with the model control group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). The expression of ectopic PCNA decreased and the positive expression rate of TUNEL increased more obviously in the SZC treatment group than in the danazol treatment group (P < 0.01). The concentration of PGE2 in the peritoneal fluid and the serum was significantly lower in the two treatment group when compared with the model control group (P < 0.01). The concentration of PGE2 in the peritoneal fluid and the serum was significantly lower in the SZC treatment group than in the danazol treatment group (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSSZC and danazol both could inhibit the focus growth in EMT rats. SZC showed better effects. It was an effective drug for treating EMT.

Animals ; Capsules ; Danazol ; therapeutic use ; Dinoprostone ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Endometriosis ; drug therapy ; Female ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Lew ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To compare anatomically the potential incidences of injury to the nerve roots of ventral and dorsal rami caused by the transarticular screws and Magerl lateral mass screws in the fixation of subaxial cervical spine.Methods Fixations with the transarticular screws and Magerl lateral mass screws were performed in this study.For each kind of fixation,20 screws were inserted from C3 to C7 in two specimens.A 20-ram long screw was used to over-penetrate the ventral cortex.The anterolateral aspect of the cervical spine was carefully dissected to allow ob- servation of the screw-ramus relationship.Results The overall percentage of nerve violation was significantly lower in the transarticular screw fixation(45%)than in the Magerl lateral mass screw fixation(90%).The difference was sta- tistically significant between the two fixation methods(P＜0.05).The greatest percentages of nerve violation caused by the transarticular screws and lateral mass screws were found at the dorsal ramus,25% and 45%,respectively. Conclusion The potential risk of nerve root violation caused by the transarticular screw technique is lower than that by the Magerl lateral mass screw technique in the lower cervical spine.