Aim To explore the effects of lipoteichoic acid (LTA) induced delayed preconditioning (PC) on hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) injury of cultured human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs), and to investigate the potential role of endogenous nitric oxide (NO) participated in the protective mechanism. Methods HCAECs were incubated for 2 h in a hypoxic atmosphere and reoxygenated for 4 h in a normoxic atmosphere. The delayed PC was induced by pretreatment with LTA assessed by the percentage of cellular injury with Trypan blue exclusion and by the amount of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in culture media. The NO level of the culture media was measured detect the expression of eNOS mRNA by RT-PCR method after cells were recovered from different points.Results LTA pretreatment significantly decreased the percentage of the killed cell and the concentration of LDH in media. Also, LTA pretreatment obviously raised the concentrations of NO in culture media. The protective effects of LTA were abrogated by pretreatment with N-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA).Moreover, the expression of eNOS mRNA was significantly upregulated after HCAECs exposure to LTA for 4 h following 2 h or 4 h recovery. Conclusion LTA could induce the delayed protection against H/R induced endothelial injury and dysfunction of cultured HCAECs. NO produced by eNOS acts initially as a trigger and subsequently as a mediator of delayed PC.

Objective:To investigate the supply status of dementia care services in pension agency in Guang zhou,thus to put forward suggestions for improving the service quality of the long-term care for dementia.Methods:Using questionnaire research and individual interview,an interview survey was conducted among managers,dementia and nursing assistant in ten pension agencies in Guangzhou.The data was analyzed by SPSS16.0 statistical method.Results:The dementia had been increasingly paid attention by the pension agencies,but there were still considerable defects in the aspect of the zone set up and service supply;the professional quality of nursing personnel in pension agencies had steadily increased,but shorthanded situation was more obvious.Conclusions:It suggests that we should provide specialized nursing level and the classification standard of care requirements for dementia elders;strengthen the training of mental health worker to enhance the level of medical care and supply ability of nursing assistant;allocate the mental health resources rationally;explore the “combination of medical treatment and endowment” service model which meets the need of dementia elders.

AIM: To observe the effect of hemin on the expression of heme oxygenase-1(HO-1) in rat vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs). METHODS: Wistar rat aortic VSMCs were cultured in vitro and induced to proliferate by angiotensinⅡ(AngⅡ),hemin(a substrate and inducer of HO-1) and zinc protoporphyrin-Ⅸ(ZnPP,an inhibitor of HO-1)were added to induce and inhibit the expression of HO-1,respectively.The expression of HO-1 mRNA and protein were detected using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)and Western blot,respectively. The relative amount of CO released into the media was quantitated as carbon monoxide hemoglobin(COHb)by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),the proliferation of VSMCs was detected by MTT. RESULTS: The expression of HO-1 mRNA and protein in VSMCs and the amount of COHb in the media were increased significantly by hemin.Meanwhile the proliferation of VSMCs was suppressed markedly. CONCLUSION: The change of HO-1 mRNA and protein expression is the molecular base of the antiproliferation of endogenous CO .The HO-CO system might play a significant role in the development of cardiovascular diseases characterized by proliferation of VSMCs.

In the differentiation and treatment of recurrent urinary tract infection （rUTI） from the perspective of the seminal orifice， it is proposed that the urinary tract belongs to the category of "seminal orifice"， and the physiological process of urination is closely related to the function of the seminal orifice. From the three dimensions of orifice body， orifice pivot and orifice spirit， the physiological relationship between seminal orifice and the function of five zang-organs （脏） is constructed， that is， lung heat， yin damage and pathogen counter-restriction lead to malnutrition of orifice body； burning heart fire and spirit disorder lead to unfavorable orifice spirit， and kidney deficiency， liver constraint and spleen stagnation lead to unfavorable orifice pivot. In the early stage of rUTI， there is usually unfavo-rable orifice pivot， for which the treatment principle should be treating the root and the branch simultaneously， consi-dering both deficiency and excess， and paying attention to the management of accompanied symptoms. Zishui Qinggan Beverage （滋水清肝饮） and Modified Shenzhuo Decoction （肾着汤加减） are often selected based on syndrome differentiation. In the middle stage， lack of nourishment of the orifice body and unfavorable orifice spirit and pivot coexist， and the treatment should be draining the orifice and unblocking strangury， commonly withmodified Qingxin Lianzi Beverage （清心莲子饮）. In the late stage， loss of nourishment of the orifice body is the main pathogenesis， and it is necessary to further nourish the orifice body to prevent recurrence， and modifed Wuzi Yanzong Pills and Erxian Decoction （五子衍宗丸合二仙汤） is often used. Furthermore， the specific medicinals should be selected targeting at the orifice body， orifice pivot， and orifice spirit， so as to nourish orifice body by dispelling external pathogens and rectify healthy qi， to drain orifice pivot by freeing emotions and minds and unblocking qi movement， and to calm orifice spirit by unblocking heart and kidney and nourishing heart spirit.

WANG Qishi put forward the theory of "yang deficiency with three lackings， controlled by the spleen" in Lixu Yuanjian （《理虚元鉴》）， which regarded that yang deficiency can lead to consumptive diseases with changes of lacking essence， lacking qi， and lacking fire， so the treatment should start from the spleen to restore the middle yang urgently. This article summarised the experience of treating type 4 cardiorenal syndrome based on the theory of "yang deficiency with three lackings， controlled by the spleen"， and proposed that lacking essence is the beginning of the onset of type 4 cardiorenal syndrome， lacking qi is the gradual development of the disease， and lacking fire is the changes of the disease， and ultimately resulted in the complex situation of kidney and qi deficiency， and edema due to yang deficiency， combined with syndromes variation. In the clinical evidence， in the stage of lacking fire， therapies should warm the middle and strengthen the spleen in order to rescue the middle yang， prescribed with modified Baoyuan Decoction （保元汤） plus Lizhong Decoction （理中汤）； in the stage of lacking qi， prescriptions can add Taoren （Juglans regia）， Tubiechong （Eupolyphaga sinensis）， Fuling （Smilax glabra）， Guizhi （Neolitsea cassia） to activate blood and drain water to transport and restore the center qi； in the stage of lacking essence， prescriptions can add Gouqizi （Lycium barbarum）， Tusizi （Cuscuta chinensis）， Duzhong （Eucommia ulmoides）， Bajitian （Gynochthodes officinalis） to supplement deficiency and resolve masses to consolidate the root and supplement essence.

The classic formula Mulisan is the 45th of the 93 formulas in the Catalogue of Ancient Classic Formulas （second batch） of Han medicine published by the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine. It consists of Ostreae Concha， Astragali Radix， Ephedrae Radix et Rhizoma， and wheat， with the effect of replenishing qi and stopping sweating. It is a common formula in the clinical treatment with traditional Chinese medicine. This study analyzes the historical evolution， composition， dosage， original plants and their processing methods， decocting method， efficacy， indications， and modern clinical application of Mulisan by tracing， comparative analysis， and bibliometric methods. The results showed that Mulisan firstly appeared in the Pulse Classic written by WANG Shuhe in the Western Jin Dynasty. The formulation idea can be traced back to the Important Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold for Emergency in the Tang Dynasty. The herb composition， dosage， efficacy， and indications of Mulisan were first recorded in the Treatise on Diseases， Patterns， and formulas Related to Unification of the Three Etiologies in the Southern Song dynasty. In terms of original plants and their processing methods， Ostreae Concha is the shell of Ostrea rivularis， which should be calcined before use. Astragali Radix and Ephedrae Radix et Rhizoma are the dried roots of Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus and Ephedra sinica， respectively， the raw material of which should be used. Wheat is the dried mature fruit of T. aestivum， which can be used without processing， while the stir-fried fruit， being thin and deflated， demonstrates better effect. The composition of Mulisan is Ostreae Concha 8.26 g， Astragali Radix 8.26 g， Ephedrae Radix et Rhizoma 8.26 g， and wheat 7.92 g. The medicinal materials should be ground into coarse powder and decocted with 450 mL water to reach a volume of 240 mL， and the decoction should be taken warm. In modern clinical practice， Mulisan has a wide range of indications， including spontaneous sweating and night sweating caused by Yang deficiency or Qi deficiency. The clinical disease spectrum treated by Mulisan involves endocrine system diseases， neurological diseases， respiratory system diseases， and cancer. This formula plays a significant role in the treatment of internal medicine diseases in traditional Chinese medicine. This study aims to provide a scientific basis for the subsequent research， development， and clinical application of Mulisan.

The classic formula Mulisan is the 45th of the 93 formulas in the Catalogue of Ancient Classic Formulas （second batch） of Han medicine published by the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine. It consists of Ostreae Concha， Astragali Radix， Ephedrae Radix et Rhizoma， and wheat， with the effect of replenishing qi and stopping sweating. It is a common formula in the clinical treatment with traditional Chinese medicine. This study analyzes the historical evolution， composition， dosage， original plants and their processing methods， decocting method， efficacy， indications， and modern clinical application of Mulisan by tracing， comparative analysis， and bibliometric methods. The results showed that Mulisan firstly appeared in the Pulse Classic written by WANG Shuhe in the Western Jin Dynasty. The formulation idea can be traced back to the Important Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold for Emergency in the Tang Dynasty. The herb composition， dosage， efficacy， and indications of Mulisan were first recorded in the Treatise on Diseases， Patterns， and formulas Related to Unification of the Three Etiologies in the Southern Song dynasty. In terms of original plants and their processing methods， Ostreae Concha is the shell of Ostrea rivularis， which should be calcined before use. Astragali Radix and Ephedrae Radix et Rhizoma are the dried roots of Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus and Ephedra sinica， respectively， the raw material of which should be used. Wheat is the dried mature fruit of T. aestivum， which can be used without processing， while the stir-fried fruit， being thin and deflated， demonstrates better effect. The composition of Mulisan is Ostreae Concha 8.26 g， Astragali Radix 8.26 g， Ephedrae Radix et Rhizoma 8.26 g， and wheat 7.92 g. The medicinal materials should be ground into coarse powder and decocted with 450 mL water to reach a volume of 240 mL， and the decoction should be taken warm. In modern clinical practice， Mulisan has a wide range of indications， including spontaneous sweating and night sweating caused by Yang deficiency or Qi deficiency. The clinical disease spectrum treated by Mulisan involves endocrine system diseases， neurological diseases， respiratory system diseases， and cancer. This formula plays a significant role in the treatment of internal medicine diseases in traditional Chinese medicine. This study aims to provide a scientific basis for the subsequent research， development， and clinical application of Mulisan.