Objective To investigate the impact of short-term exposure to atmospheric particulates (PM10/PM2.5) on stroke risk.Methods The literature databases were retrieved.A Meta-analysis of the literature on atmospheric particulate matters and stroke onset met the inclusion criteria was conducted.Results A total of 42 articles were included.Meta-analysis showed that the PM10 increase per 10 μg/m3,the short-term risk of stroke increased 0.6％ (odds ratio [OR] 1.006,95％ confidence interval [CI] 1.003-1.009);PM2.5 increase per 10 μg/m3,the short-term risk of stroke increased 1.3％ (OR 1.013,95％ CI 1.006-1.019).Subgroup analysis showed that the PM10 exposure was only associated with the increased risk of ischemic stroke (OR 1.025,95％ CI 1.010-1.041),and the PM2.5 exposure was only associated with the increased risk of hemorrhagic stroke (OR 1.031,95％ CI 1.010-1.052).Conclusions In the short term,the increased PM10 or PM2.5 concentration is associated with the increased risk of stroke.PM2.5 caused the risk of stroke onset is higher than that of PM10.