A nephropathy following urinary tract infection is usually referred to as renal scarring. The main radiologic features are an overall reduction in the size of the kidney, with coarse scar, deformity of calyces and indentation of the surface. If adequately treated, the progressive renal scarring by urinary tract infection could be prevented. Therefore, the early radiologic detection of renal damage following urinary tact infection or vesicoureteral reflux is great importance for the evaluation of the pathogenesis of renal scarring and for the planning of the therapy. To evaluate the renal damage, we must have the normal data of the kidneys. Many reports discussed the renal size in normal children, but there are no reports in the Korean children. We estimate the renal length, width, several focal parenchymal thicknesses for renal size evaluation and segmental lumbar vertebral length at the intravenous pyelography in the normal Korean children. And the linear equations are obtained by the regression analysis between the various renal parameters and segmental vertebral length. Thereafter we make out the nomogram by the obtained equations. The renal length and width are highly correlated to the segmental lumbar vertebral length than various renal parenchymal thicknesses. These result suggest that the renal length and width are reliable parameters for normal renal size evaluation in growing kidney. And then the obtained equations and normograms might be useful in the diagnosis of parenchymal loss in early scarring and follow-up.
Child* ; Cicatrix ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Kidney ; Nomograms ; Urinary Tract Infections ; Urography ; Vesico-Ureteral Reflux

Postoperative pain is one of the most common reasons for delayed discharge and can impede the recovery of joint motion and rehabilitation. Recently, an ultrasound-guided nerve block was shown to be the most effective method to control postoperative pain. Under ultrasound guidance, orthopedic surgeons can safely perform the nerve block procedure. This review discusses th

We report a case of malignant paraganglioma with hepatic metastases. A 70-year old woman developed huge hepatic tumor 2years after complete resection of the retroperitoneal paraganglioma. CT imaging of abdomen revealed huge hepatic masses, which had not been found previously. A needle biopsy on the liver was performed, resulting in a diagnosis of malignant paraganglioma. These tumors are usually benign but can occasionally produce local and distant metastases. Development of metastatic localizations is the only formal proof of malignancy as histology cannot distinguish between benign and malignant paragangliomas. Surgery is the basis of treament and should be performed early in the operable course. Both chemotherapy and radiotherapy could be given, but satisfactory outcomes were not obtained. We suggest that close investigations for metastasis in patient with paraganglioma, seemed benign initially, as well as periodic follow up examinations should be emphasized.
Abdomen ; Aged ; Biopsy, Needle ; Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Liver ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Paraganglioma* ; Radiotherapy

Mucormycosis is an uncommon, frequently fatal, opportunistic fungal infection. Rhino-cerebral and pulmonary involvement are the most common forms and usually occur in immunecompromised patients. Gastrointestinal involvement is extremely rare, the stomach being the most frequently involved site among them. We report a case of gastric mucormycosis in a 37 year old male alcoholic with gastric ulcer. On histological examination, characteristic findings of hyphae with irregular width and right angle branchings were observed in the gastric mucosa and ulcer debris. The diagnosis of gastric mucormycosis was made by the characteristic histological nature. The patient was treated aggressively with antibiotics and antiulcer regimen for 6 weeks, and then no fungus was present on follow up biopsy of gastric mucosa.
Adult ; Alcoholics ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Biopsy ; Diagnosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fungi ; Gastric Mucosa ; Humans ; Hyphae ; Male ; Mucormycosis* ; Stomach ; Stomach Ulcer* ; Ulcer