No abstract available.
Animals ; Fibroblasts* ; Fluorouracil* ; Rats*

No abstract available.
Carotid Artery, Common* ; Rupture*

PURPOSE:We investigated the production of oxygen hydroxyl radicals in the striatum of neonatal rat brain after intrastriatal injection of dopamine (DA) and the effect of growth hormone (GH) on the apoptosis of striatal neurons injured by hypoxia-ischemia. METHODS:The extracellular striatal levels of 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHBA) and 2,5-DHBA as indicators of hydroxyl radical(OH-) production were measured by in vivo microdialysis in the striatums of 7 day-old newborn rats (n=10) after direct intrastriatal infusion of dopamine hydrochloride (1.0 micromol/microL). The samples of perfused artificial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were collected every 10 minutes interval. The levels of DA, 2,3-DHBA and 2,5-DHBA of CSF were analysed by HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography). Also, the brains were removed at 24 hour after hypoxic-ischemic injury by Rice-Vannucci method. The coronal sections (12 micrometer) of paraffin-fixed brains were stained by TUNEL (terminal transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end-labelling) technique, and the neuronal cells undergoing apoptosis in the striatum were observed by fluorescent microscopy and compared between GH-treated (50 mg/kg, Dong-Ah Pharmacy Co.) and saline-treated rats. RESULTS:The extracellualr striatal levels of 2,3-DHBA and 2,5-DHBA increased abruptly in the first 10 minutes samples after intrastriatal injection of DA. After then, the levels declined slowely. The levels of striatal extracelluar 2.3-DHBA increased up to 621.8+/-508.7% of basal levels (P<0.05), and the levels of 2.5-DHBA increased up to 262.8+/-198.1% of basal levels (P<0.05). GH reduced markedly the number of apoptotic neuronal cells in the striatum after hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. CONCLUSION: The level of hydroxyl radicals increased abruptly after intrastriatal injection of DA and GH reduced markedly the number of apoptotic neuronal cells in the striatum after hypoxic-ischemic brain injury.
Animals ; Apoptosis* ; Brain Injuries ; Brain* ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Dopamine* ; Growth Hormone* ; Humans ; Hydroxyl Radical* ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Infant, Newborn* ; Microdialysis ; Microscopy ; Neurons* ; Oxygen ; Pharmacy ; Rats*

Recently, the detection of traumatic intracerebral hematoma has been greatly expedited by the advent of computed tomography. However, Traumatic Basal Ganglia Hematoma(TBGH) has remained rare and its prognosis has been regarded as poor. The authors obtained following results from the analysis of clinical features and outcome on 50 cases of TBGH who has been treated at the department of neurosurgery, Wonju Christian Hospital from January, 1984 to June, 1988. 1) The incidence of TBGH was 2% of all head-injured patients. 2) The average age of patient was 26.6 years, and the most common cause was motorvehicular accident(80%). 3) The clinical features revealed mental deterioration on 44 cases, followed by motor weakness(23 cases), and decerebrate rigidity(16 cases). 4) The frequent location of hematoma was putamen(27 cases, >50%), internal capsule(9 cases, 14%). 5) The combined lesion showed mostly lower GCS(Glasgow Coma Scale) than solitary lesion(P<0.001). 6) The groups of both GCS above 8(P<0.001) and small hematoma volume below < 15ml(P<0.001) showed relatively good outcome.
Basal Ganglia* ; Coma ; Gangwon-do ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Incidence ; Neurosurgery ; Prognosis

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of baseline ovarian systs after luteal phase gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist(GnRH-a) administration on the clinical response to controlled ovarian hyperstimulation(COH) for intrauterine insemination(IUI). From May 1994 to December 1995, 71 COH cycles using luteal long protocol of GnRH0a for IUI were assessed for the formation of baseline ovarian cysts defined as a mean diameter>or=15 mm. Outcome data were compared between cycles with and without baseline ovarian cysts. Of 71 COH cycles, baseline cyst>or=15 mm were noted in 23 cycles(32.4%). Of 23 cyst cycles, baseline cysts>or=20 mm were noted in 15 cycles and aspirated under transvaginal ultrasonogram guidance. There was no significant difference in baseline serum FSH values between cyst cycles and non-cyst cycles. There were also no significant differences in ovarian response as indicated by the number of ampules of gonadotropin used and duration of honadotropin administration in ovarian stimulation, and serum E2 level and number of follicles(>=14 mm) on the day of hCG administration between cyst cycles and non-cyst cycles. There was also no significant difference in endometrial thickness measured on the day of hCG administration between cyst cycles and non-cyst cycles. Clinical pregnancy rate was somewhat lower in cyst cycles compared with non-cyst cycles(13.0% versus 31.3%), but was not significantly different. This study suggests that baseline ovarian cysts after luteal phase GnRH-a administration has a potentially harmful effect on the clinical outcome in COH with IUI program.
Female ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone ; Gonadotropins ; Insemination* ; Luteal Phase ; Ovarian Cysts* ; Ovulation Induction ; Pregnancy Rate ; Ultrasonography

Background/Aims: This study evaluated the long-term cardiovascular complications among Korean patients with hypertension and compared them with that of controls without hypertension. Methods: The Korean Hypertension Cohort (KHC) enrolled 11,043 patients with hypertension and followed them for more than 10 years. Age- and sex-matched controls without hypertension were enrolled at a 1:10 ratio. We compared the incidence of cardiovascular events and death among patients and controls without hypertension. Results: The mean age was 59 years, and 34.8% and 16.5% of the patients belonged to the high and moderate cardiovascular risk groups, respectively. During the 10-year follow-up, 1,591 cardiovascular events (14.4%) with 588 deaths (5.3%) occurred among patients with hypertension and 7,635 cardiovascular events (6.9%) with 4,826 deaths (4.4%) occurred among controls. Even the low-risk population with hypertension showed a higher cardiovascular event rate than the population without hypertension. Although blood pressure measurements in the clinic showed remarkable inaccuracy compared with those measured in the national health examinations, systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥ 150 mmHg was significantly associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular events. Conclusions This long-term follow-up study confirmed the cardiovascular event rates among Korean hypertensive patients were substantial, reaching 15% in 10 years. SBP levels ≥ 150 mmHg were highly associated with occurrence of cardiovascular event rates.

PURPOSE: The aims of this study were to determine the factors affecting the outcome of patent ductus arteriosus ligation in very low birth weight infants (VLBWI) and demonstrate the safety of PDA ligation in VLBWI performed in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). MATERIALS AND METHODS: From October 1994 to July 2006, medical records of 94 VLBWI weighing < 1,500g who underwent PDA ligation in the NICU of Samsung Medical Center were reviewed retrospectively. Factors affecting the final outcome of PDA ligation were evaluated by dividing the infants into 3 groups according to mortality and major morbidities as follows: mortality group (Mo), major morbidity group (Mb), and no major morbidity group (NM). RESULTS: In the Mo group, birth weight was significantly lower and the preoperative mean FiO(2) and mean dopamine dose were significantly higher than those in the other 2 groups. There was no significant difference in gestational age, incidence of RDS, number of courses of indomethacin, surgery-related factors, including weight and age at surgery, perioperative vital signs, and complications after surgery between the 3 groups. During surgery in the NICU, there were no significant hemodynamic instability or serious acute complications. CONCLUSION: The factors affecting the outcome of surgery in VLBWI are not the factors related to surgery but the preoperative conditions related to the underlying prematurity. PDA ligation of VLBWI performed in the NICU is safe without serious complications.
Ductus Arteriosus, Patent/*surgery ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; *Infant, Very Low Birth Weight ; Intensive Care Units, Neonatal/*statistics & numerical data ; Ligation/*methods ; Treatment Outcome

The typical radiographic findings of pulmonary edema from the increased hydrostatic pressure shows centrally localized consolidation, which is known as a "butterfly or bat's wing" pattern. These terms describe the anatomic distribution of edema that uniformly involve the hilum and medulla of the lung but not the peripheral region of the lung parenchyma (cortex). We present a case of butterfly wing-like pulmonary edema on a chest radiograph by mitral regurgitation due to an idiopathic chordal rupture.
Butterflies ; Chordae Tendineae ; Edema ; Hydrostatic Pressure ; Lung ; Mitral Valve Insufficiency ; Pulmonary Edema* ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Rupture*

The efficacy nd tolerance of topical administration of levocabastine(0.5mg/ml)were evaluated in patients with allergic conjunctivitis. A total of 166 patients who had a typical history of atopy and a positive skin test were recruited in this study. Five clinicl symptoms(itch, tearing, chemosis, lid edema and conjunctival injection) were assessed according to a four point scale before the treatment and at 1 and 2 weeks post-therapy. Total symptom severity score before the therapy, 6.68, was remarkably decreased to 2.86 at 1 week and 2.08 at 2 weeks after the treatment. The investigators rated the treatment as globally good or excellent in 68.1% of patients checked at 1 week and 72.5% at 2 weejs after treatment. And the patients evaluated that the therapy ws good to excellent in 66.9% at 1 week and 73.1% at 2 weeks after treatment. Levocabastine eye drops has a fast onet of action with 55.4% of the patients feeling symptom relief within 15 minutes after the first administration. The adverse effect was experienced in 44 patients. Ocular irritation sign, such as foreign body sensation or soreness, was the most frequently reported complaint. These results suggest that levocabastine eye drops is an effective and safe topical alternative for treatment of allergic conjunctivitis.
Administration, Topical ; Conjunctivitis, Allergic* ; Edema ; Foreign Bodies ; Humans ; Ophthalmic Solutions* ; Research Personnel ; Sensation ; Skin Tests

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Korean Version of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children Version IV(DISC-IV), a highly structured diagnostic interview used to assess more than 30 psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents. METHODS: A total of 91 study subjects, including 67 subjects who visited the child and adolescent psychiatry outpatient clinic at our institution and 24 community-based subjects, were assessed using the Korean Version of the DISCIV. Clinical diagnosis was used as a gold standard for the examination of the validity of the DISC-IV. Forty-four of the study subjects were randomly selected for test-retest reliability measurement. RESULTS: The validity of the Korean Version of the DISC-IV showed kappa values ranging from 0.25 to 0.40 in the clinical sample and 0.65 to 1.00 in the community sample. The sensitivities varied according to the diagnostic categories, but the specificities were excellent for all diagnostic entities. CONCLUSION: The Korean Version of the DISC-IV showed good reliability and validity in Korean children and adolescents. The Korean Version of the DISC-IV might be a useful tool for assessing psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents.
Adolescent ; Adolescent Psychiatry ; Ambulatory Care Facilities ; Appointments and Schedules* ; Child* ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Reproducibility of Results*