The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of nutrition education program on nutrition knowledge, eating behaviors, food habit, nutrient intakes in obese children and their parents who live in Gumi city. The subjects were 16 obese boys, 20 obese girls with obesity index over 130% and 36 of their parents. The nutrition education for the subjects was carried out by the professional personnel such as doctors, professors, and dietitians. The children were provided with well-balanced lunch meals and had 40 min-lectures on the reasonable weight management, 40 min-games and also had regular exercises (stretching, swimming) for 90 mins everyday during 2 weeks of the program. The parents had 90 min-lectures on childhood obesity, diet therapy, behavior modification, and exercise for 6 times. The nutrition knowledge, eating behaviors and food habits were surveyed by using questionnaires before and after the education. The nutrition intakes of the children were surveyed before and after the education by 3-day food record method. The nutrition intakes of the parents were surveyed before and after the education by using semi-quantity questionnaires. After the education, the mean nutrition knowledge scores were significantly improved compared with the pretest scores in both children and parents. After the education, all subjects' eating behaviors were significantly changed positively and calorie and carbohydrates intakes were significantly decreased and vit. C was significantly increased in obese children. The food habits of the parents were significantly improved after the education. These findings show that the well-designed nutrition education program for obese children and their parents can be an effective approach to help them to improve their nutrition knowledge and to establish desirable food habits and eating behaviors.
Behavior Therapy ; Carbohydrates ; Child* ; Diet Therapy ; Eating* ; Education* ; Exercise ; Feeding Behavior* ; Female ; Food Habits* ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Humans ; Lunch ; Meals ; Nutritionists ; Obesity ; Parents ; Pediatric Obesity

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of nutrition education program on anthropometric values and boichemical index in obese children who live in Gumi city. The subjects were 16 obese boys, 20 obese girls with obesity index over 130 and 36 of their parents. The nutrition education was carried out by the professional personnel such as doctors, professors, and dietitians. The children were provided with well-balanced lunch meals and had 40min-lectures on the reasonable weight management, 40 min-games and also had regular exercises (stretching, swimming) for 90 mins everyday during 2weeks of the program. The parents had 90 min-lectures on childhood obesity, diet therapy, behavior modification, and exercise for 6times. After the program, obesity index, BMI, % body fat were significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in boys and obese index, BMI, % body fat and WHR were significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in girls. Blood cholesterol and TG levels of girls were significantly decreased (p < 0.05). These findings show that the well-designed nutrition education program for obese children can be an effective approach to help them to improve their anthropometric values and biochemical index.
Adipose Tissue ; Behavior Therapy ; Child* ; Cholesterol ; Diet Therapy ; Education* ; Exercise ; Female ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Humans ; Lunch ; Meals ; Nutritionists ; Obesity ; Parents ; Pediatric Obesity

To investigate the transmission pattern of geographical area and temporal trends of the 2010~2011 foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) outbreaks in Korea, and to explore temporal intervals at which spatial clustering of FMD cases space-time analysis based on georeferenced database of 3,575 burial sites, from 30 November 2010 to 23 February 2011, was performed. The cases represent approximately 98.1% of all infected farms (n = 3,644) during the same period. Descriptive maps of spatial patterns of the outbreaks were generated by ArcGIS. Spatial Scan Statistics, using SaTScan software, was applied to investigate geographical clusters of FMD cases across the country. Overall, spatial heterogeneity was identified, and the transmission pattern was different by province. Cattle have more clusters in number but smaller in size, as compared to the swine population. In addition, spatiotemporal analysis and the comparison of clustering patterns between the first 7 days and days 8 to 14 of the outbreak revealed that the strongest spatial clustering was identified at the 7-day interval, although clustering over longer intervals (8~14 days) was also observed. We further discussed the importance of time period elapsed between FMD-suspected notice and the date of confirmation, and emphasized the necessity of region-specific and species-specific control measures.
Animals ; Burial ; Cattle ; Disease Outbreaks ; Foot-and-Mouth Disease ; Geographic Information Systems ; Korea ; Population Characteristics ; Republic of Korea ; Spatial Analysis ; Spatio-Temporal Analysis ; Swine

No abstract available.
Aneurysm* ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus*

No abstract available.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify pediatric nurses' attitudes to, and compliance with, standard precautions in the prevention of hospital infections by enhancing their practice of standard precautions. METHODS: The participants were 206 nurses who worked in pediatric nursing departments of a general medical institution in Seoul. The questionnaire was a modification of Kim (2008) and consisted of 18 questions about hand washing, personal protective equipment, sharps, linen and patient care equipment. Collected data were processed using SPSS 15.0 WIN. RESULTS: Mean scores for attitudes to standard precautions and for compliance with standard precautions were 4.43 (+/-0.83) and 4.22 (+/-0.44) respectively. This difference was statistically significant (t=3.368, p=.001). The nurses' compliance with standard precautions differed significantly according to the general characteristics of age (F=8.705, p<.001), total clinical experience (F=9.426, p<.001), current department experience (F=6.555, p<.001), and education experience (t=0.616, p<.043). There was a positive correlation between attitudes to, and compliance with, standard precautions (r=.156, p=.025). CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that educational programs and policy on infection control and standard precautions for pediatric nurses are needed. Also these results should contribute to baseline data for establishing appropriate clinical policy on infection control.
Bedding and Linens ; Compliance ; Cross Infection ; Hand Disinfection ; Humans ; Infection Control ; Patient Care ; Pediatric Nursing ; Universal Precautions ; Child Health ; Surveys and Questionnaires

BACKGROUND: Gabapentin is a safe and well-tolerated anticonvulsant with a wide therapeutic index, and it is used for neuropathic pain. The aim of this study was to compare previous dosing methods with the administration of four different doses of gabapentin while maintaining the same maximum daily dose for the safe administration of high doses of the medication. METHODS: The subjects were outpatients with various neuropathic pain syndromes, with at least two of the following symptoms: allodynia, burning pain, shooting pain, or hyperalgesia. The TID group received equal doses of gabapentin 3 times per day, while the QID group received 4 different doses of gabapentin per day. The pain score, frequency of breakthrough pain (BTP), severity and the duration of pain, sleep disturbance due to nocturnal pain, and adverse effects were recorded each day. RESULTS: The average daily pain score and sleep disturbance were significantly reduced in the QID group between days 3 and 10 of the experiment. The adverse effects of the medication were also reduced in the QID group. However, the frequency of BTP and severity and duration of pain were not significantly different between two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Administration of 4 different doses of gabapentin during the initial titration in outpatients with neuropathic pain resulted in a significant reduction in awakening from breakthrough pain and a reduction in the adverse effects of the medication.
Ambulatory Care ; Amines ; Breakthrough Pain ; Burns ; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids ; Drug Administration Schedule ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid ; Humans ; Hyperalgesia ; Neuralgia ; Outpatients

BACKGROUND: Despite widespread recognition of the hazardous health effects of smoking, adolescent smoking continues to increase, emerging as a public health problem. However few studies have focused on smoking cessation programs for adolescent smokers. The purpose of this study was to measure the short-term effects of the adolescent smoking cessation program performed by the Seoul School Health Center. METHODS: Four hundred and twenty adolescent smokers referred from their schools from March to December of 1996 were assessed before and immediately after the program with a self-questionnaire. The data acquired from these 420 students was analyzed. RESULTS: Males were found to have a higher rate of daily smoking as compared with females. Middle school students had a earlier starting age than those of high school students. About 70% of the students had tried to stop smoking and about 1/3 had a high level of self-efficacy in stop smoking. More than 80% of the students were current alcohol drinkers and 10% ever had experience with other drugs. Many showed poor academic performance and low degree of satisfaction with their schools. More than 50% had experienced punishment at school Middle and high economic status were more common than low status, 73.3% had smokers in their families and 43.3% showed severe dysfunction in family APGA-R. Smoking cessation rate immediately after the program was 37.4%, highest in female high school students and lowest in male high school students Factors shown to be significantly associated with smoking cessation in males were school age, FTQ scores, presence of peer smokers, smoking and alcohol status, self-efficacy in stop smoking and degree of satisfaction with their schools. School age, presence of peer smakers, smoking and other drug use status, self-efficacy in stop smoking, academic performance, degree of satisfaction with their schools, experienoe of runaway from home, economic status and presence of smokers in their families were significant factors in females. Stepwise logistic regression showed that current alcohol users were less likely to succeed in smoking cessation and those with a higher level of self-efficacy in stop smoking were more likely to succeed in males. In females, high school students with higher economic status were more likely to succeed while those with smokers in their families or experience of runaway from home were less likely to succeed. CONCLUSIONS: To promote smoking cessation, specified and risk-based approaches are considered to encourage the motivation of adolescent smokers. For more effectiveness, programs will need to comprehensively include the school, the family, peers, alcohol and other drug issues as well as smoking problem itself.
Adolescent* ; Child ; Female ; Homeless Youth ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Motivation ; Program Evaluation ; Public Health ; Punishment ; School Health Services ; Seoul ; Smoke* ; Smoking Cessation* ; Smoking*

No abstract available.
Classification* ; von Willebrand Diseases* ; von Willebrand Factor*

OBJECTIVE: The objectives of this study were to analyze efficacy of immature and mature mouse oocytes after vitrification and warming by applying various combinations of cryoprotectants (CPAs) and/or super-rapid cooling using slush nitrogen (SN2). METHODS: Four-week old ICR female mice were superovulated for GV- and MII-stage oocytes. Experimental groups were divided into two groups. Ethylene glycol (EG) only group: pre-equilibrated with 1.5 M EG for 2.5 minutes and then equilibrated with 5.5 M EG and 1.0 M sucrose for 20 seconds. EG+dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) group: pre-equilibrated with 1.3 M EG+1.1 M DMSO for 2.5 minutes and equilibrated with 2.7 M EG+2.1 M DMSO+0.5 M sucrose for 20 seconds. The oocytes were loaded onto grids and plunged into SN2 or liquid nitrogen (LN2). Stored oocytes were warmed by a five-step method, and then their survival, maturation, cleavage, and developmental rates were observed. RESULTS: The EG only and EG+DMSO groups showed no significant difference in survival of immature oocytes vitrified after warming. However, maturation and cleavage rates after conventional insemination were greater in the EG only group than in the EG+DMSO group. In mature oocytes, survival, cleavage, and blastocyst formation rates after warming showed no significant difference when EG only or EG+DMSO was applied. Furthermore, cleavage and blastocyst formation rates of MII oocytes vitrified using SN2 were increased in both the EG only and EG+DMSO groups. CONCLUSION: A combination of CPAs in oocyte cryopreservation could be formulated according to the oocyte stage. In addition, SN2 may improve the efficiency of vitrification by reducing cryoinjury.
Animals ; Blastocyst ; Cryopreservation ; Cryoprotective Agents ; Dimethyl Sulfoxide ; Ethylene Glycol ; Ethylenes ; Female ; Humans ; Insemination ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Nitrogen ; Oocytes ; Sucrose ; Vitrification