No abstract available.
Aneurysm* ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus*

No abstract available.

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is an inherited X-linked disorder. The WAS gene is located on the X chromosome and undergoes mutations, which affect various domains of the WAS protein, resulting in recurrent infection, eczema, and thrombocytopenia. However, the clinical features and severity of the disease vary according to the type of mutations in the WAS gene. Here, we describe the case of a 4-year-old boy with a history of marked thrombocytopenia since birth, who presented with recurrent herpes simplex infection and late onset of eczema. Examination of his family history revealed that older brother, who died from intracranial hemorrhage, had chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenia. Therefore, we proceeded with genetic analysis and found a new deletion mutation in the WAS gene: c.858delC (p.ser287Leufs*21) as a hemizygous form.
Eczema ; Herpes Simplex ; Humans ; Intracranial Hemorrhages ; Methylmethacrylates ; Parturition ; Polystyrenes ; Sequence Deletion ; Siblings ; Thrombocytopenia ; Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome ; X Chromosome

Mediastinal fibrosis is pathologically characterized by chronic inflammation and fibrosis of mediastinal soft tissue. Mediastinal fibrosis is local expression of a family of systemic fibrosing syndroms. This can result in compression of adjacent mediastinal structures. Idiopathic fibrosing syndromes include retroperitoneal fibrosis, sclerosing cholangitis of the orbit and fibrosis of the thyroid gland(Riedel's struma). The cause of these disorders is obscure, in some instance there is an underlying malignancy, infection, history of drug ingestion, or trauma with retoperitoneal bleeding. Treatment of mediastinal fibrosis depends on structures involved by the fibrotic process. The disease is self limited in most case or improved by steroids uses. We experienced a case of idopathic solerosing mediastinitis with orbital fibrous dysplasia of unknown cause, which was confirmed by open lung biopsy, so reported it with a review of literature.
Biopsy ; Cholangitis, Sclerosing ; Eating ; Fibrosis* ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Lung ; Mediastinitis ; Orbit ; Retroperitoneal Fibrosis ; Steroids ; Thyroid Gland

Myositis caused by mumps virus is very rare. Mumps virus has been suggested as a causative agent of inclusion body myositis, but there has been no definite evidence. We experienced a case of severe myositis associated with mumps virus infection. A 21-year old man was admitted because of myalgia, headache, fever, and chill for 2 months. The cerebrospinal fluid analysis performed at a local clinic showed findings compatible with viral meningitis. His blood chemistry results revealed elevated levels of serum creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and serum myoglobin. On the 5th day of admission, the patient showed pain and swelling of parotid gland and scrotum. Electromyography was compatible with inflammatory myopathy. Muscle biopsy of his calf muscle revealed necrotizing (leukocytoclastic) vasculitis and multifocal myolysis with multinucleation. We suspected mumps virus infection because of his symptoms of meningitis, epididymo-orchitis and parotitis. Mumps virus was isolated in throat culture. The past medical history of the patient's mumps virus vaccination was unclear. After 2 weeks of supportive treatment, the patient's condition was improved.
Biopsy ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Chemistry ; Creatine Kinase ; Electromyography ; Fever ; Headache ; Humans ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase ; Meningitis ; Meningitis, Viral ; Mumps virus* ; Mumps* ; Myalgia ; Myoglobin ; Myositis* ; Myositis, Inclusion Body ; Parotid Gland ; Parotitis ; Pharynx ; Scrotum ; Vaccination ; Vasculitis ; Young Adult

The indolent nature and favorable outcomes associated with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma have prompted numerous prospective studies on active surveillance (AS) and its adoption as an alternative to immediate surgery in managing low-risk thyroid cancer. This article reviews the current status of AS, as outlined in various international practice guidelines. AS is typically recommended for tumors that measure 1 cm or less in diameter and do not exhibit aggressive subtypes on cytology, extrathyroidal extension, lymph node metastasis, or distant metastasis. To determine the most appropriate candidates for AS, factors such as tumor size, location, multiplicity, and ultrasound findings are considered, along with patient characteristics like medical condition, age, and family history. Moreover, shared decision-making, which includes patient-reported outcomes such as quality of life and cost-effectiveness, is essential. During AS, patients undergo regular ultrasound examinations to monitor for signs of disease progression, including tumor growth, extrathyroidal extension, or lymph node metastasis. In conclusion, while AS is a feasible and reliable approach for managing lowrisk thyroid cancer, it requires careful patient selection, effective communication for shared decision-making, standardized follow-up protocols, and a clear definition of disease progression.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the association of urinary 2-naphthol level and air pollution caused by exposure to smoking, traffic and residential factors. METHODS: The study subjects consisted of 300 university students in Incheon. The questionnaires concerning subject characteristics, smoking amount, traffic, distance between housing and main road, heating and cooking fuel including urinary cotinine levels were checked. RESULTS: There was not any significant association between urinary 2-naphthol level and age, sex, body mass index, distance from mainroad, traffic, heating and cooking fuel. The urinary 2-naphthol level was higher in smokers or high urinary cotinine level group(p=0.0001)than in nonsmokers or low urinary cotinine group. After adjusting for age, sex, and body mass index in the basic model, the 2-naphthol level was also higher in the smokers or high urinary cotinine level group, too(p<0.0005). The model included both traffic and residential variables and it had a good fitness as compared to other models. CONCLUSIONS: It has been known that as one of PAH metabolites, urinary 2-naphthol is a respiration-selective biological marker. We showed that tabacco smoking has a much stronger effects on urinary 2-naphthol levels than when subjects were exposed to air pollution, such as traffic, and other residential factors at the same time.
Air Pollution ; Biological Markers ; Body Mass Index ; Cooking ; Cotinine ; Heating ; Hot Temperature ; Housing ; Humans ; Incheon ; Questionnaires ; Smoke* ; Smoking*

Congenital abnormalities of the coronary arteries are found in 0.6% to 1.3% of patients in coronary angiography. Dual left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) is a rare coronary anomaly and is incidentally detected during coronary angiography. We report a case of a 65-year-old female with a rare coronary anomaly who was diagnosed with dual LAD via coronary computed tomography and coronary angiography. The imaging studies revealed dual LAD originating from the left main stem and right coronary sinus. These angiographic findings were considered to be consistent with the type IV variety of dual LAD by Spindola-Franco classification. Recognition of dual LAD is important to prevent errors of interpretation of the coronary angiogram and for optimal surgery.
Aged ; Classification ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Sinus* ; Coronary Vessel Anomalies ; Coronary Vessels* ; Female ; Humans

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of abdominal massage on alleviating pain caused by the injection of recombinant gonadotropin for In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) among infertile women. METHODS: This study employed a nonequivalent control group non-synchronized design. A total sample of 149 infertile women who never experienced in vitro fertilization was recruited at C fertility center. Seventy women were assigned into experimental group and 79 into controls. The experimental group had been informed to do abdominal massage prior to the injection and to record their subjective pain using visual analogue scale. The control group had been informed to record their subjective pain in the same way just after the injection. RESULTS: Compared to the pre-tested pain scores, the pain scores in experimental group were significantly reduced by 0.7 points, whereas the control group increased by 0.9 points (t=-4.55, p=.001). CONCLUSION: This study confirms that the use of abdominal massage prior to the injection is an effective way to alleviate pain on injection site. This massage may be a useful intervention for infertile women about pain alleviation.
Female ; Fertility ; Fertilization in Vitro* ; Gonadotropins ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques* ; Massage*

Malaria is one of the most common infectious diseases in the world. Plasmodium falciparum accounting for nearly all malaria mortality, kills an estimated 1 to 2 million persons yearly and has several features thai make it deadlist of malarias. While cerebral malaria is the most common presentation of severe disease, acute lung injury associated with malaria is uncommon but serious and fatal complication. We report two cases of severe malaria with ARDS and multi-organ failure. All two patients traveled to foreign countries, Kenya, Papua New Guinea where choroquine-resistant malaria is distributed. The first case, which developed cerebral malaria hypoglycemia, multi-organ failure, and ARDS, treated with quinine and mechanical ventilator, but expired due to oxygenation failure. Autopsy showed acute necrotizing infiltration, diffuse eosinophilic fibrinoid deposits along the alveolar space, and alveolar macrophage with malaria pigment The second case also developed multi-organ failure, followed by ARDS, and was treated with quinine, exchange transfusion, plasmapheresis, and mechanical ventilator. He recovered with residual restrictive lung change after treatment.
Acute Disease ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Autopsy ; Communicable Diseases ; Eosinophils ; Humans ; Hypoglycemia ; Kenya ; Lung ; Lung Injury ; Macrophages, Alveolar ; Malaria* ; Malaria, Cerebral ; Mortality ; Oxygen ; Papua New Guinea ; Plasmapheresis ; Plasmodium falciparum ; Quinine ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult* ; Ventilators, Mechanical