No abstract available.
Hydrops Fetalis*

This study was performed to establish a radiological indication and contraindication of indirect decompression in the thoracolumbar burst fracture as well as to clarify an acceptable degree of the canal constriction to enhance neurologic recovery and to prevent the spinal stenosis. The canal diameter ratio (CDR) of the constricted level was determined using pre-and post-operative CAT images of 31 thoracolumbar burst fractures, decompressed indirectly. The acceptable CDR was decided by the lower limit of the 95% confidence interval of the post-operative CDR in cases without neurologic deficit associated with the canal constriction. A radiological indication and contraindication of indirect decompression was establish based on the calculation of the discriminant equation and linear regression equation respectively. The results were as followings. 1. The acceptable CDR was 46% at the cauda equina level and 37% at the conus medullaris level. 2. According to the result of calculation of the regression equation, the radiological contraindication of indirect decompression was the pre-operative CDR of 13% or less at the cauda equina level and 27% or less at the conus medullaris level. In conclusion, the radiological indication of indirect decompression was the pre-operative CDR of 34% at the cauda eqbina level and 42% at the conus medullaris.
Animals ; Cats ; Cauda Equina ; Constriction ; Conus Snail ; Decompression* ; Linear Models ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Spinal Stenosis

Hand, foot and mouth disease, a distinctive clinical syndrome caused by a coxsackie virus, is clinically characterized by vesicles appearing on the hands, feet and in the mouth. The infection begins with a fever and mouth lesions consisting of small vesicles surrounded by red areolae on the buccal mucosa, tongue, soft palate and gingiva. The disease usually lasts spontaneously between 7 to 10 days after onset. We observed 20 cases of hand, foot, and mouth disease from July, 12th to September, 4th, 1979 and examined histopathologically and virologically. We have isolated only one viral strain showing cytopathic effect on HeLa cell among the five cases of acute stage and also observed that viral particle in the electronmicroscope.
Fever ; Foot* ; Gingiva ; Hand* ; Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Mouth Diseases* ; Mouth Mucosa ; Mouth* ; Palate, Soft ; Tongue ; Virion

PURPOSE: The accuracy of CT in the detection of injuries of the solid visceral organ is well established, but the value of CT in diagnosing small bowel rupture after abdominal trauma is controversal. This study was conducted to ascertain CT finding of small bowel rupture result from abdominal trauma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis of preoperative abdominal CT findings in 40 patients was performed. Small bowel rupture was confirmed by surgery. Precontrast and postcontrast enhanced CT images were obtained in all patients. RESULTS: Diagnostic findings of small bowel rupture including pneumoperitoneum or retroperitoneal air, discontinuity of the bowel wall and extravasation of oral contrast materials were observed in 33 cases(83%). Intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal free air was seen in 31 cases(78%) and intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal free fluid collection was seen in 38 patients(95%). Small bowel wall was thickened in 31 cases(78%), bowel wall was enhanced in 12 cases(30%) and bowel wall discontinuity and extravasation of oral contrast material was seen in 5 cases, respectively. CONCLUSION: The CT scan is sensitive and effective modality for evaluation of small bowel rupture after abdominal trauma, because of high detectability of diagnostic and suggestive CT findings.
Contrast Media ; Humans ; Pneumoperitoneum ; Retrospective Studies ; Rupture* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

No abstract available.

PURPOSE: This study was done to identify the awareness of gender equality among nursing college students, and to provide basic data for educational solutions and desirable directions. METHODS: A Q-methodology which provides a method of analyzing the subjectivity of each item was used. 34 selected Q-statements from each of 20 women nursing college students were classified into a shape of normal distribution using 9-point scale. Subjectivity on the equality among genders was analyzed by the pc-QUANL program. RESULTS: Four types of awareness of gender equality in nursing college students were identified. The name for type I was 'pursuit of androgyny', for type II, 'difference-recognition', for type III, 'human-relationship emphasis', and for type IV, 'social-system emphasis'. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that different approaches to educational programs on gender equality are recommended for nursing college students based on the four types of gender equality awareness.
Female ; *Gender Identity ; Humans ; Interviews as Topic ; Q-Sort ; Questionnaires ; Students, Nursing/*psychology ; Young Adult

This study aims to suggest practical strategies for improving the governance system of the Korean Medical Association (KMA). To this end, we used survey studies, statistical analysis, and literature reviews. The statistical analysis was performed using an analytic hierarchy process and frequency analysis. In our previous study, we proposed some measures to improve the governance system of the KMA. These measures included the organization of top decisionmakers’ meetings, recruitment of non-member officers, new qualification requirements for representatives and officers, commitment of functional roles to six vice-presidents, and organization of professional committees supporting the roles of six vice-presidents. In this study, we proposed practical strategies for the improvement measures and an implementation organization to achieve the suggested practical strategies. For the implementation of the practical strategies, the members of the KMA should understand the issue and the importance of the KMA’s governance. Additionally, the strong support of the members should be required to solve the internal problems of the KMA and to improve its governance system.

The purpose of this study is to suggest improvement measures to solve the problems of governance within the Korean Medical Association (KMA), and to outline future tasks to implement these measures. The following measures are proposed to improve the governance of the KMA: a new representative system, the revision of the term of officers, new qualification requirements for representatives and officers, a clear business division for vice presidents, the organization and operation of councils by professional fields, and an organization of a top decision making committee. Future tasks to apply these measures in practice include the establishment of the direction of improvement of the KMA‘s governance, organization and operation of the presidential committee, and active participation and support of the KMA members. In order to improve the KMA‘s governance, the bodies of the KMA must avoid conflicts and criticisms; taking collective decisions about all tasks and policies should be made an essential principle. In conclusion, the bodies of the KMA must cooperate with each other while constantly considering and discussing the purpose of the establishment of the KMA. These measures will ensure the improvement of KMA’s governance.

This study aims to suggest practical strategies for improving the governance system of the Korean Medical Association (KMA). To this end, we used survey studies, statistical analysis, and literature reviews. The statistical analysis was performed using an analytic hierarchy process and frequency analysis. In our previous study, we proposed some measures to improve the governance system of the KMA. These measures included the organization of top decisionmakers’ meetings, recruitment of non-member officers, new qualification requirements for representatives and officers, commitment of functional roles to six vice-presidents, and organization of professional committees supporting the roles of six vice-presidents. In this study, we proposed practical strategies for the improvement measures and an implementation organization to achieve the suggested practical strategies. For the implementation of the practical strategies, the members of the KMA should understand the issue and the importance of the KMA’s governance. Additionally, the strong support of the members should be required to solve the internal problems of the KMA and to improve its governance system.

Purpose: This study aims to examine differences in experiences of violence and hospital violence attitude according to gender and gender-role identity of clinical nurses. Methods: The quota sampling method, was used to select the research subjects. They were divided into two groups male and female nurses who worked for three general hospitals or higher level-hospitals in Incheon and Gyeongbuk. The data of 219 subjects was used for final analysis. The IBM SPSS 22.0 was used to analyze the data t-test and ANOVA. Results: According to gender, the hospital violence experience of female nurses was oserved frequently when the verbal violence came from guardians, and when the physical threats came from others. For male nurses, the experiences of hospital violence was obserbed. According to gender, the hospital violence attitude revealed significant differences in female nurses that the negative attitude was higher (t=-4.69, p<.001). According to gender-role identity, the undifferentiated and femininity showed significant differences (F=4.86 p=.003). Conclusion The differentiated strategies of coping measures and violence preventive education considering the gender and gender-role identity of clinical nurses would help formulate measures for the effective management of hospital violence.