No abstract available.

BACKGROUND: Scabies outbreaks have been reported in long-term care facilities, but less commonly in acute care facilities. We experienced an outbreak of scabies that occurred in neurosurgery-intensive care unit of a general hospital, Seoul, Korea. METHODS: An outbreak of scabies was noticed on September 2006 when hospital staffs of NICU were diagnosed with scabies. The infection control nurse reviewed medical records and interviewed all of patient in NICU and health care workers. The epidemic spread of scabies from a patient to other patient, hospital employees and their families and associates was identified from historical, clinical, and microbiologic skin preparation data. RESULTS: Forty-three NICU patients and 22 health care workers were investigated. Five scabies cases were identified in total of 42 cases who are exposed to index case with attack rate of 11.9%. The attack rate of scabies in health care workers and NICU patients were 10% and 13.6%, respectively. Tertiary cases also occurred among the family members of workers, with a tertiary attack rate of 44%. CONCLUSION: The patient of acute care facilities also have chances of being exposed to scabies outbreak, since sensorimotor deficits or cognitive disorders make it difficult for individuals to communicate and understand the implication of risky contacts.
Delivery of Health Care ; Disease Outbreaks ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Infection Control ; Long-Term Care ; Medical Records ; Scabies ; Skin

PURPOSE: This study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of intravaginal pelvic floor electrical stimulation (FES) therapy on bladder irritability symptoms in stress urinary incontinent women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The evaluation before and after treatment included the Blaivas's female Bladder Questionnaire, the quality of life questionnaires and the overall satisfaction with present voiding state using visual analogue test (VAT). All patient were treated for 20 minutes, twice a week for 6 weeks, using a new intravaginal electrical stimulator with microchip (PIC16C74). RESULTS: After the FES therapy, the overall success rate of the SUI was 50.4.% at 9 months. The bladder irritability symptoms such as frequency, nocturia, urgency, residual urine sensation and lower abdominal discomfort were improved. In particular, the symptoms of frequency, urge incontinence, dysuria were significantly improved after the FES therapy at 9 months. The VAT score of the overall satisfaction with the present voiding state was significantly lower after the FES therapy. 73.7% of patients were satisfied with the FES therapy and complications such as hemorrhage, vaginitis, urinary tract infection and pain were not encountered. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that FES therapy with microchip improves some bladder irritability in SUI women. Therefore, electrical stimulation therapy should be considered as a first line therapy in SUI women with bladder irritability symptoms.
Dysuria ; Electric Stimulation Therapy* ; Electric Stimulation* ; Female ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Nocturia ; Pelvic Floor ; Quality of Life ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Sensation ; Urinary Bladder* ; Urinary Incontinence, Urge ; Urinary Tract Infections ; Vaginitis

PURPOSE: The present study reviews the clinical features of orbital cellulitis in childhood for early diagnosis and proper treatment. METHODS: The authors performed a retrospective study by computed tomography (CT) on children under 14 years of age diagnosed with orbital cellulitis and admitted to Pusan National University Hospital from 2003 to 2010. RESULTS: In total, 27 patients were identified (range 4 months to 14 years). Periorbital swelling was the most common initiating symptom, followed by fever and conjunctival injection. Paranasal sinus disease was the most common predisposing factor. Preseptal cellulitis was the most common finding, followed by subperiosteal abscess, orbital cellulitis, and orbital abscess. All patients underwent a blood culture; none were positive. Intravenous antibiotics therapy was performed empirically and was effective in all cases. No patients suffered from permanent complications except recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Orbital cellulitis in children presents with periorbital swelling, fever, conjunctival injection in association with sinusitis, and upper respiratory infection (URI). A CT study is a reliable diagnostic option for the early detection and localization in the pediatric orbital cellulitis. Early empirical antibiotic therapy is mandatory for successful treatment.
Abscess ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Cellulitis ; Child ; Early Diagnosis ; Fever ; Humans ; Orbit ; Orbital Cellulitis ; Paranasal Sinus Diseases ; Retrospective Studies ; Sinusitis

BACKGROUND: A variety of diagnostic modalities for lung cancer have been developed. To achieve efficient and early detection of lung cancer, we tried to measure the expression rates of the melanoma associated gene (MAGE) and synovial sarcoma on X chromosome (SSX) genes. METHODS: We designed primers for the SSX gene. In addition to the pre-developed MAGE A primer, using an SSX gene primer was attempted to increase the detection rate. We obtained cancer tissues and cancer-free lung tissues from resected lung, sputum from lung cancer patients who had not undergone surgery, and sputum from healthy people and patients with benign intrathoracic diseases. RESULTS: The sensitivity of the MAGE or SSX gene RT-PCR to identifying cancer tissue of the 69 lung cancer patients was 95.2% for squamous cell carcinoma (scc), 87.0% for adenocarcinoma, and 100% for small cell carcinoma. The mean sensitivity value was 94.2% (p=0.001). For adenocarcinoma, the additional use of the SSX gene resulted in a higher expression rate than MAGE alone (87% vs. 69.6%). The expression rate for the cancer-free lung tissue was 14.3% in scc, 17.4% in adenocarcinoma, and 25.0% in small cell carcinoma. In the induced sputum of 49 lung cancer patients who had not undergone surgery, the expression rate for one of the two genes was 65.5%. The expression rate for the sputum of healthy people and benign intrathoracic diseases by MAGE or SSX gene reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was 3.8% and 17.7%. CONCLUSION: Detecting lung cancer using the expression of MAGE and SSX genes in lung cancer tissue has high sensitivity.
Adenocarcinoma ; Carcinoma, Small Cell ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Humans ; Lung ; Lung Neoplasms ; Melanoma ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Reverse Transcription ; Sarcoma, Synovial ; Sputum ; X Chromosome

An ABO discrepancy was observed in a 19-year-old man clinically diagnosed as congenital hypogammaglobulinemia. The patient's red cell was typed as group O, and his serum had no ABO isoagglutinins. Absence of A antigen and B antigen on patient's RBC was confirmed by adsorption- elution test and saliva test. A-transferase and B-transferase activities were not demonstrated in patient's serum. Patient's serum protein electrophoresis revealed hypogammaglobulinemia pattern, and immunoglobulin levels were markedly decreased. Complete absence of B lymphocytes was observed on patient's lymphocyte subset profile. Patient's father and mother were typed as blood group O and no abnormalities were recognized in their serum protein electrophoresis patterns and immunoglobulin concentration.
Agammaglobulinemia ; B-Lymphocytes ; Electrophoresis ; Fathers ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins ; Lymphocyte Subsets ; Mothers ; Saliva ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: To present a surgical result of Yokoyama procedure in myopic strabismus fixus. CASE SUMMARY: A 51-year-old female patient presented with progressive esotropia and diplopia. According to the Krimsky test, the patient showed 70 prism diopter esotropia and 30 prism diopter hypotropia in her left eye. The axial length was 34.97 mm in the right eye and 33.71 mm in the left eye. The patient was diagnosed with myopic strabismus fixus. The authors performed the Yokoyama procedure on her left eye. Surgical examination revealed each medial rectus muscle was recessed. Half of the muscle bellies of the superior and lateral rectus muscles were sutured together without muscle splitting 15 mm posterior from their insertion. At 1 year postoperatively, the patient showed 30 prism diopter esotropia and 20 prism diopter hypotropia in her right eye by alternative prism cover test. The authors performed the same procedure on her right eye. At 2 months after the second surgery, the patient showed orthotropia in the primary position and gaze limitation was improved. CONCLUSIONS: The Yokoyama procedure can be an effective method for improving deviation and ocular motility in esotropia caused by high myopia.
Diplopia ; Esotropia ; Eye ; Female ; Humans ; Muscles ; Myopia ; Strabismus

No abstract available.

BACKGROUND: During the period from April to June 1996, an outbreak of typhoid fever occurred in SuYoung-Ku, Pusan city. We performed the molecular epidemiological analysis and drug susceptibility test for 48 isolates of Salmonella typhi from the outbreak. METHODS: Chromosomal DNA of S. typhi was digested with the restriction endonuclease Spe I and the resulting restriction polymorphism was observed on pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Phage typing was performed using Vi-phages, and antimicrobial susceptibility test was done by Disc diffusion method. RESULTS: On phage typing, 2 isolates were M1 phage type, 2 E1 phage type and 44 untypable. The PFGE analysis on 14 to 16 chromosomal DNA restriction fragments ranged from 50 Kb to 1000kb showed 2 different patterns of restriction fragments, divided into group A and B. Forty-seven isolates belonged to group A that were allocated into A1 (42 strains), A2 (1 strain), A3 (3 strains), A4 (1 strain), and one strain was grouped into group B. In the F-value of genetic similarity of the epidemic S. typhi strains, there was low similarity (F value:0.2-0.258) between group A strains and group B strains. However, the subgroup strains (A1-A4) showed high similarity (F value:0.8-0.897) each other. The drug susceptibility test showed susceptibility to ampicillin, carbenicillin, cephalothin, chloramphenicol, tobramycin, gentamicin, kanamycin, nalidixic acid, neomycin, polymyxin B, streptomycin, tetracycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin. CONCLUSION: This study showed that phage typing and PFGE were very useful as a tool to investigate molecular analyses of epidemic S. typhi strains this study.
Ampicillin ; Bacteriophage Typing ; Bacteriophages* ; Busan* ; Carbenicillin ; Cephalothin ; Chloramphenicol ; Ciprofloxacin ; Diffusion ; DNA ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field* ; Epidemics ; Gentamicins ; Kanamycin ; Nalidixic Acid ; Neomycin ; Norfloxacin ; Polymyxin B ; Salmonella typhi* ; Salmonella* ; Streptomycin ; Tetracycline ; Tobramycin ; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination ; Typhoid Fever

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Bile acid is an important luminal factor that affects gastrointestinal motility and secretion. We investigated the effect of bile acid on secretion in the proximal and distal rat colon and coordination of bowel movements in the guinea pig colon. METHODS: The short-circuit current from the mucosal strip of the proximal and distal rat colon was compared under control conditions after induction of secretion with deoxycholic acid (DCA) as well as after inhibition of secretion with indomethacin, 1,2-bis (o-aminophenoxy) ethane-N,N,N′,N′-tetra-acetic acid (an intracellular calcium chelator; BAPTA), and tetrodotoxin (TTX) using an Ussing chamber. Colonic pressure patterns were also evaluated in the extracted guinea pig colon during resting, DCA stimulation, and inhibition by TTX using a newly developed pressure-sensing artificial stool. RESULTS: The secretory response in the distal colon was proportionate to the concentration of DCA. Also, indomethacin, BAPTA, and TTX inhibited chloride secretion in response to DCA significantly (P < 0.05). However, these changes were not detected in the proximal colon. When we evaluated motility, we found that DCA induced an increase in luminal pressure at the proximal, middle, and distal sensors of an artificial stool simultaneously during the non-peristaltic period (P < 0.05). In contrast, during peristalsis, DCA induced an increase in luminal pressure at the proximal sensor and a decrease in pressure at the middle and distal sensors of the artificial stool (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: DCA induced a clear segmental difference in electrogenic secretion. Also, DCA induced a more powerful peristaltic contraction only during the peristaltic period.
Animals ; Bile ; Calcium ; Colon ; Deoxycholic Acid* ; Gastrointestinal Motility ; Guinea Pigs* ; Guinea* ; Indomethacin ; Intestine, Large* ; Peristalsis ; Phenobarbital ; Rats* ; Tetrodotoxin