PURPOSE: Headache is a frequent symptom in pediatric practice, but the prevalence of chronic recurrent headache was estimated in several studies with wide variations, because of inadequate expression and differences in case definition in children. Headache classification of International Headache Society is usually used in adults, but the application of it to children is uncommon, so we tried to diagnosis children with headache by using International Headache Society Classification. METHODS: We analyzed the clinical pictures, physical examinations including neurologic examination, PNS series, EEG and CT or MRI in 53 children with nonprogressing recurrent headache over than one month, who visited to pediatric department of Dong-A University hospital from January, 1995 to Feburary, 1996 and diagnosed them by using International Headache Society Classification. RESULTS: 1) The sex ratio between male and female was 1:1.2. 2) Diagnosed groups consisted of children with migraines in 22 cases(41.5%), tension-type headache in 19 cases(35.9%), coexisting migraine and tension-type headaches in 5 cases(9.4%), miscellaneous headaches not associated with structual lesion in 1 case(1.9%), headache associated with vascular disorders in 2 cases(3.8%), headache associated with nonvascular intracranial disorder in 1 case(1.9%), headache due to facial pain in 3 cases(5.6%). 3) Of 22 migraine cases, 13 cases(59.1%) had migraine with aura, 8 cases(40.9%) have migraine without aura and of 19 tension-type headache cases, 8 cases(42.1%) have episodic type, 11(57.9%) cases have chronic type. 4) Of 53 cases with recurrent headache, 3 cases(6%) had abnormal findings in CT or MRI. 5) Of 53 cases with recurrent headache, 9 cases(17%) had abnormal findings in EEG. CONCLUSIONS: International Headache Society Classifications are useful, but the diagnostic criteria are too strict for children, especially in migraine and tension type headache.
Adult ; Child* ; Classification* ; Diagnosis ; Electroencephalography ; Facial Pain ; Female ; Headache* ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Migraine Disorders ; Migraine with Aura ; Migraine without Aura ; Neurologic Examination ; Physical Examination ; Prevalence ; Sex Ratio ; Tension-Type Headache

Epidemiologic investigation was conducted on January, 1993 in Seoul to identify the cause of an infant methemoglobinemia. Field investigation of the area of outbreak, survey of household and family members, analysis of ground water, and blood tests of involved family members were performed. Following results were obtained. On analyzing the quality of the ground water on patients's household high levels of nitrate was found indicating contamination of water as the cause of a methemoglobinemia outbreak. On analyzing the quality of the ground waters on seven other places within the neighborhood five were contaminated by nitrate in concentration that exceeded the permissible limit implying presence nearby source of contamination. Sources of contamination were thought to be originating from human waste in conventional bathroom facilities, chicken manure used in nearby orchards and plant fields or fertilizers. But the results of water analysis with presence of bacteria or E.coli, concentration of potassium, phosphate and the past history of diarrhea among family members, chicken manure suggested the most possible source of contamination. To evaluate the health status of members in the neighborhood past history was reviewed revealing no prior existence of patient with cyanosis and 65 people in the neighborhood had normal levels of methemoglobin concentration in their blood. Conclusively, the ground water on patient's household was contaminated with nitrate and despite provision of adequate water supply, family members of the patient along with distrust in the water supply system had used ground water as their source of drinking water resulting of methemoglobinemia. Many suburban area of Seoul and country side thought to be having similar problems concerning contaminated ground water supply and dormant outbreak of patients as a result of the drinking of the contaminated water. Epidemiologic investigation and water analysis of ground waters are advised.
Bacteria ; Chickens ; Cyanosis ; Diarrhea ; Drinking ; Drinking Water ; Family Characteristics ; Fertilizers ; Groundwater ; Hematologic Tests ; Humans ; Infant* ; Manure ; Methemoglobin ; Methemoglobinemia* ; Plants ; Potassium ; Residence Characteristics ; Seoul ; Water ; Water Supply

This study was to investigate the histomorphomeric and histological changes of glomeruli and proximal tubules of contralateral kidney in uninephrectomized rat. Rats were Sprague Dawley strain and female 1-year-old. Uninephrectomized rats were sacrificed after 20 days, 30 days, and 40 days. The results were as follows: 1. The mean areas and diameters of the glomeruli were markedly increased at the 30 days. 2. In the glomeruli, the mean nuclear areas of podocytes were markedly increased, but those of cells of the parietal layer were decreased. At the 20 days, those of the endothelial cells were slightly incerased. 3. The lumens of the endothelial cells were irregularly expanded and folded at the 20 days. The basal lamina of the 30 days was markedly thickened in the electron microscopic finding. 4. At the 30 days, the mean areas and mean thicknesses of proximal tubules were markedly increased, but those were not normal. At the 40 days, the mean thicknesses of proximal tubules were restored to the almost normal. 5. Light microscopic changes of the proximal tubules had no difference between the control and the experimental group. In electron microscopical findings, the cytoplasm of the proximal tubules were densely filled with the enlarged mitochondria at the 30 days. At the 40 days, some large vacuoles appeared in the cytoplasm.
Animals ; Basement Membrane ; Cytoplasm ; Endothelial Cells ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney* ; Mitochondria ; Podocytes ; Rabeprazole ; Rats* ; Vacuoles

No abstract available.
Elbow*

Fractures of the capitellum humeri are rare and the recommendations for treatment vary. It can involve a significant portion of the articular surface, rendering the elbow joint unstable. In this situation, it is desirable to reduce and internally fix the capitellar fragment, because this restores the articular surface and augments joint stability. We experienced two cases of capitellar fractures which one case was spontaneously anatomical reduced and the other case was treated by open reduction. In one case the capitellar fragment was spontaneous reduced to a stable position although it was noticed radiographically as an unstable displaced fracture preoperatively. The other case was treated by open reduction and internal fixation with 3.5mm, small, AO, cannulated screw and K-wire. Both cases are reported here with references.
Elbow Joint ; Joints

No abstract available.
Osteoblastoma*

OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to compare the vaginal hysterectomy and abdominal hysterectomy for a non-prolapsed, benign uterus in women without vaginal delivery. METHODS: A retrospective study in Hallym-university hospital analysed 182 total hysterectomies in women without vaginal delivery performed from January 2000 to December 2001. Vaginal route was used for 98 (53.8%) patients and 84 (46.2%) had laparotomies. RESULTS: The mean uterine weight was 217 g in vaginal route, 270 g in abdominal route. Mean operation time was 70 minutes in vaginal route, 125 minutes in abdominal route. There was one serious re-operation due to hemorrhge in each group and other complication was not much different at each gruops. The hospital stay was 6.2 days in vaginal route and 8.4 days in abdominal route. CONCLUSION: Vaginal hysterectomy for a non-prolapsed uterus is indicated for women without vaginal delivery and is feasible to performance. Vaginal hyterectomy is less morbidity, shorter hospitalization and faster convalescence. So training in vaginal surgury should allow safe performance of the procedure at most center.
Convalescence ; Female ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Hysterectomy* ; Hysterectomy, Vaginal* ; Laparotomy ; Length of Stay ; Retrospective Studies ; Uterine Diseases* ; Uterus

BACKGROUND: Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy is applied for the treatments of various diseases inducing hypoxic states. However, reoxygenation of previously hypoxic tissue results in significant tissue damages through the mechanisms of oxygen toxicity. The authors investigated the characteristics of the EEG changes by hyperbaric oxygenation after the exposure to carbon monoxide, and the protective effects of allopurinol, an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase (XO), to the brain. METHODS: Sixty eight male rabbits of New Zealand white weighing 1,350-2,000 gm, were used. The rabbits were divided in 4 groups and measured EEG for 21 hours of experiments. RESULT: The delta waves were significantly increased and alpha waves significantly decreased, during CO exposure, HBO exposure only, and HBO exposure after CO exposure (P< 0.05 in all groups). The wave changes were most remarkable in CO-HBO group, and in this case the changes continued to the last period of the ambient air exposure stage. The brain injury did not decrease as appeared in EEG changes in rabbits treated with allopurinol. This result suggests that many other mechanisms might be involved in CO-HBO condition. The paroxysmal electrical discharges were mostly appeared during or after HBO exposure stages. CONCLUSION: The changes of EEG characteristic in hyperbaric oxygenation are the increase of delta wave and electrical paroxysmal discharges. There is no protective effect of allopurinol to the brain, which suggests that many other mechanisms other than XO might be involved.
Allopurinol ; Brain ; Brain Injuries ; Carbon Monoxide* ; Carbon* ; Electroencephalography* ; Humans ; Hyperbaric Oxygenation ; Male ; New Zealand ; Oxygen ; Rabbits ; Xanthine Oxidase

Kearns-Sayre syndrome, first described by Kearns and Sayre in 1958, is a rare disorder consisting of ptosis, limited movement of both eyes and atypical retinal pigmentary change (salt-pepper like appearance). Most cases have shown an increase in the concentration of mitochondria and ragged-red fiber under Gomori-trichrome staining on muscle biopsy. Occasionally, it is combined with other neurologic and endocrinologic symptoms such as ataxia, dementia, diabetes, and hyperaldosteronism. We recently experienced three cases of male teenaged patients who expressed the clinical features of Kearns-Sayre syndrome.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Atrophy ; Biopsy ; Blepharoptosis/*pathology ; Electrooculography ; Humans ; Kearns-Sayer Syndrome/*pathology ; Male ; Muscle, Skeletal/*pathology ; Ophthalmoscopes ; Retina/*pathology

PURPOSE: To determine the value of high resolution ultrasonography (US) for the detection of hepatocellular carcinoma in the HBx transgenic mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-two HBx transgenic mice aged 8-20 (mean, 14) months underwent high-resolution ultrasound using a 10 -12 MHz linear transducer. US findings indicating the presence or absence, number, size and echogenicity of each hepatic tumor were analyzed, and inaddition, color or power Doppler US was used to analyse tumoral vascularity. In each animal, sacrificed less than five hours after US examination, sonographic and pathologic findings were correlated. RESULT: On gross pathologic examination, 20 hepatocellular carcinomas measuring 1.5 -15 (mean, 4.7) mm in diameter were found in 16 mice; US revealed that 17 of the tumors were homogeneous hypoechoic nodules. With regard to tumor detection, sensitivity was 85%, specificity 96%, positive predictive value 0.944, negative predictive value 0.897, and overall accuracy 90%. Doppler US revealed that in three nodules, intratumoral vessels were present. Inthe other 26 mice, gross examination showed that no mass was present; microscopically, however, four nodules measuring 0.3 -1.2 mm were found in four of these animals. Tumoral vascularity detected by color Doppler US corresponded to the intratumoral vessel within the nodules. One peritoneal nodule, confirmed as a metastatic tumor, was found at the greater omentum. CONCLUSION: In HBx transgenic mice, high-resolution US is valuable for the detection of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Animals ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular* ; Hepatitis B virus* ; Hepatitis B* ; Hepatitis* ; Liver Neoplasms ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic* ; Omentum ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Transducers ; Ultrasonography