Yersinia pseudotuberculosis is known to cause septicemia, mesenteric lymphadenitis enteritis and erythema nodosum. Most of the infections were found in European countries, but none in Korea ti11 now. For the first time in Korea Y. pseudotuberculosis was isolated form a 51-year-old ma1e with liver cirrhosis. The patient showed chills, abdominal pain and diarrhea followed by a comatose state. The organism was isolated from both blood and peritoneal fluid. The isolation and identification were difficult as the organism grew slowly and many of the characteristics were similar to other enteric bacilli. The isolate was susceptible to all antibiotics tested in vitro, but our chemotherapy with ampicillin and kanamycin did not save the patient's life.
Antibiotics/pharmacology ; Human ; Male ; Middle Age ; Septicemia/microbiology* ; Yersinia/drug effects ; Yersinia/isolation & purification ; Yersinia Infections/microbiology* ; Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Infections/microbiology*

China ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Yersinia Infections ; epidemiology ; microbiology ; Yersinia enterocolitica ; classification ; drug effects ; isolation & purification ; pathogenicity

OBJECTIVETo investigate the distribution of Yersinia enterocolitica in Henan province from 2005 to 2011.

METHODSA total of 6700 samples of stool specimen were collected from diarrhea patients and different domestic animals between 2005 and 2011 from Zhengzhou, Suixian and Dengfeng, as well as flies and the daub specimens of raw and cooked meat products. The bacteria were isolated by cold enrichment method, analyzed by the systematic biochemistry to determine the serotypes and bio-types, and tested the virulence genes by PCR method.

RESULTSA total of 216 strains of Yersinia enterocolitica were isolated from 11 kinds of animal hosts and foods, while 29.63% (64/216) of them were from swine. The dominant epidemic serotypes of the Yersinia enterocolitica were O: 5 and O: 8, accounted for 23.2% (50/216) and 20.4% (44/216), respectively; type 1A was the dominant bio-type, accounted for 84.7% (183/216). The dominant serotype and bio-type differed a lot among various hosts.16 pathogenic strains were isolated from swine, followed by diarrhea patients (6 strains) and dogs (6 strains).

CONCLUSIONThe distribution of the host of Yersinia enterocolitica was widespread, while swine was the dominant animal host.

Animals ; Animals, Domestic ; microbiology ; Bacterial Typing Techniques ; China ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Yersinia Infections ; epidemiology ; Yersinia enterocolitica ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVETo analyze the genetic evolution and bacterial type changes of Yersinia enterocolitica in the Ningxia area between year 1984 and 2011.

METHODSA total of 296 strains of Yersinia enterocolitica was collected from diarrhea patients, pig, rodents, sheep and dogs between year 1984 and 2011. The serotype, biotype, ail, ystA, ystB, yadA, virF and other toxic genes were detected. The PFGE subtypes of serotype O:3 and O:9 strains and the cluster features were analyzed.

RESULTSOut of 296 Yersinia enterocolitica strains, pig was the main host, accounting for 65.20% (193/296), followed by rodents, accounting for 32.43% (96/296). Serotype and biotype had their own respective dominant types in different periods. During 1984 and 1985, 2 strains of serotype O:3 and 3 strains of serotype O:9 were isolated, all belonged to biotype 3. Because of lack of strains, there were no obvious dominant types found. Between 1997 and 1999, 177 strains of serotype O:9 Yersinia enterocolitica were isolated as the dominant strain; and there were 178 strains of biotype 2 Yersinia enterocolitica were found. During 2007 and 2011, 54 strains of serotype O:3 Yersinia enterocolitica were isolated as dominant strain; followed by 26 strains of serotype O:5. There were separately 44 and 59 strains of biotype 1A and biotype 3. The PCR test divided the 248 strains into 4 types, including pathogenic strains as type I (ail(+), ystA(+), ystB(-), yadA(+), virF(+)). The PFGE divided the serotype O:3 into 12 types, in which K6GN11C30021 and K6GN11C30012 were the dominant types, accounting for 63.64% (42/66). The serotype O:9 were divided into 14 types, in which K6GN11C90010, K6GN11C90008, K6GN11C30018 and K6GN11C90003 were the dominant types, accounting for 89.01% (162/182).

CONCLUSIONThe different serotypes of isolated strains in Ningxia district showed different dominant bacteria in different periods; while the biotypes also changed with serotypes. The Yersinia enterocolitica isolated from different years showed great variation.

Animals ; DNA, Bacterial ; genetics ; Dogs ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field ; Genes, Bacterial ; Genetic Variation ; Humans ; Rodentia ; Sheep ; Swine ; Yersinia Infections ; microbiology ; Yersinia enterocolitica ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification

A 40-yr-old buddhist monk was admitted to the hospital with abdominal pain, fever, and confusion. He had a history of drinking untreated mountain spring water in his temple, and experienced the above symptoms for several days before admission. In past medical history, he had suffered from hepatic cirrhosis. Yersinia pseudotuberculosis was isolated from his blood and ascitic fluid. The mountain spring water that he had ingested was cultivated and Y. pseudotuberculosis was also isolated. For identification of pathogenic Y. pseudotuberculosis, each isolate from the three sources (blood, ascitic fluid, and drinking water) was also analysed for the inv gene for Y. pseudotuberculosis and the virF gene for virulent plasmid by PCR. All strains were positive for both the virF and the inv genes and also positive for autoagglutination test. For relationship study, each isolate from the three sources was also analysed with serotyping and restriction endonuclease analysis of virulence plasmid DNA (REAP) using BamHI. All belonged to the serotype 4b and REAP pattern D. Thus, all these findings supported that the mountain spring water was the source of the Y. pseudotuberculosis infection in this case.
Adhesins, Bacterial/genetics ; Adult ; Agglutination Tests ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics ; DNA, Bacterial/analysis ; Feces/microbiology ; Food ; Human ; Male ; Plasmids ; Restriction Mapping ; Septicemia/diagnosis/microbiology ; Serotyping ; Virulence Factors/genetics ; *Water Supply ; Yersinia pseudotuberculosis/classification/*genetics/isolation & purification ; Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Infections/*diagnosis/*transmission

OBJECTIVETo investigate the distribution of virulent genes of Yersinia enterocolitica (Y. enterocolitica) in Ningxia Hui autonomous region and the characteristics of the molecular patterns of Y. enterocolitica.

METHODS283 strains of Y. enterocolitica were isolated in Ningxia Hui autonomous region between year 1997 and 2010. The genes ail, ystA, ystB, yadA and virF were analyzed by PCR method; the chromosomal DNA of Y. enterocolitica was digested by restriction endonucleases NotI and processed by pulsed-field gel electrophoreses (PFGE); and then the cluster analysis were conducted by BioNumeric computer software towards the above results.

RESULTSOf all, 209 strains of serotypes O:3 and O:9 Y.enterocolitica showed positive virulence of genes ail, ystA, yadA and virF; 97.6% (204/209) of which, the ystB virulence were negative. The virulence of all genes in serotype O:8 and serum-unclassified strains were negative. 9 out of 11 strains of serotype O:5 Y. enterocolitica showed negative virulence of the above five genes. By PFGE, according to the NotI Macrorestriction Map on chromosomal DNA, the 29 strains of serotype O:3 Y. enterocolitica were divided into 12 PFGE patterns, 2 of which were dominant patterns which could be found in over 5 strains; and the 180 strains of serotype O:9 Y. enterocolitica were divided into 13 patterns, 4 of which were dominant patterns which existed in over 10 strains; which were isolated individually from pigs and house mouse, pigs and dogs as well as pigs and wild rabbits.

CONCLUSIONY.enterocolitica serotypes O:3 and O:9 were pathogenic in Ningxia, and serotype O:3 becomes predominant gradually. O:5, O:8 and serum-unclassified serotypes were non-pathogenic.

Animals ; Bacterial Toxins ; genetics ; DNA, Bacterial ; genetics ; Dogs ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field ; methods ; Genes, Bacterial ; Mice ; Rabbits ; Sus scrofa ; Virulence ; Yersinia Infections ; microbiology ; Yersinia enterocolitica ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; pathogenicity

Bacterial cold water disease, enteric red mouth disease and frunculosis are the common bacterial diseases of fish worldwide. The etiologic agents of these diseases are Flavobacterium (F.) psychrophilum, Yersinia (Y.) ruckeri and Aeromonas (A.) salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, respectively. In this study, a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (m-PCR) method with YER8/10-Fer3/4-FP1/3 primer pairs which can identify these fish pathogens simultaneously was developed and optimized. In optimized conditions, neither false specific nor nonspecific amplification occurred. The detection limits of the m-PCR method using DNA extracts from dilutions of pure cultures of bacteria were 35 pg for Y. ruckeri and F. psychrophilum and 70 pg for A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida. It was determined that 15 CFU Y. ruckeri and F. psychrophilum and 30 CFU A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida could be detected by m-PCR developed using genomic DNA extracted from dilutions of the suspensions. The detection limits in the presence of tissue debris were 125 CFU for Y. ruckeri and F. psychrophilum and 250 CFU for A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida. In conclusion, we submit that the m-PCR method developed and optimized in this study can be used for accurate and rapid identification of these bacteria.
Aeromonas salmonicida/*genetics ; Animals ; DNA Primers/genetics ; Fish Diseases/*diagnosis/*microbiology ; Fishes ; Flavobacterium/*genetics ; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/diagnosis/*veterinary ; Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods/*veterinary ; Yersinia rucker/*genetics

OBJECTIVETo detect the "high pathogenicity island" of Yersinia enterocolitica WA in E. coli and the to provide evidence for theory base of bacterial evolution process and the different structures in different E. coil.

METHODSPolymerase chain reaction (PCR), nucleic acid hybridization in situ were used to detect and identify HPI. DNA sequencing was used to compare the gene homology of HPI among E. coli with Yersinia enterocolitica (Yen).

RESULTSThe irp2 and fyua genes of Yen HPI were investigated in E. coli strains. Among them, 30 strains were isolated from 93 Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) strains and 3 strains were positive in 10 strains Enteropathogenic (EPEC). HPI was also detected in Enteroaggregative E. coli (EAggEC) strain. In most of these isolates, HPI was bordered by an asntRNA locus, as in Yersinia sp. Through sequential comparison, the gene sequence homology was higher between in EPEC and EAggEC than ETEC and Yersinia enterocolica.

CONCLUSIONSETEC, EPEC and EAggEC were pathogenicity bacterias and many of them harboring HPI of Yen and the HPI had the same position in E. coli chromosome as Yersinia enterocolitica but the diversity of structure and sequence in these E. coli might suggest that the HPI of these different serotype E. coli were from different ancient bacterias. At the same time, the high positivity rate of HPI in E. coli might be crucial to virulence change, virulence evolution and virulence regulation in E. coli.

Bacterial Proteins ; analysis ; genetics ; Enterotoxins ; genetics ; Escherichia coli ; genetics ; pathogenicity ; Escherichia coli Infections ; microbiology ; Genes, Bacterial ; Receptors, Cell Surface ; genetics ; Virulence ; genetics ; Yersinia enterocolitica ; genetics ; pathogenicity

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Clinical manifestations of intestinal yersiniosis include enterocolitis, mesenteric adenitis, and terminal ileitis presenting with fever, right lower quadrant pain, and leukocytosis. According to a previous Korean study in 1997, Yersinia was revealed in two among 15 adult patients with mesenteric adenitis (13%). However, recent reports on the prevalence of Yersinia infection in adult patients are few. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Yersinia infection in adult patients with acute right lower quadrant pain. METHODS: Adult patients (>18 years) who visited Eulji medical center, due to acute right lower quadrant pain were enrolled prospectively from December 2007 to July 2009. Abdominal CT, stool culture, serologic test for Yersinia, and Widal test were performed. RESULTS: Among 115 patients, 5 patients were excluded due to positive Widal test or salmonella culture. In 110 patients, abdominal CT showed right colitis in 20 (18.2%), terminal ileitis in 16 (14.5%), mesenteric adenitis in 13 (11.8%), acute appendicitis in 10 (9.1%), acute diverticulitis in 7 (6.4%), non specific mucosal edema in 36 (32.7%) and no specific lesion in 8 (7.3%). Two (1.8%) of the 110 patients had antibodies to Yersinia. One patient showed acute enteritis and the other patient was diagnosed with acute appendicitis and underwent appendectomy. No Yersinia species were grown on stool or tissue culture. CONCLUSIONS: Nowadays, among adult Korean patients presenting with acute right lower quadrant pain, there have been few incidences of Yersinia infection.
Abdominal Pain/*microbiology ; Acute Disease ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Antibodies/blood/immunology ; Appendicitis/epidemiology ; Colitis/epidemiology ; Diverticulitis/epidemiology ; Edema/epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Ileitis/epidemiology ; Lymphadenitis/epidemiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Prospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Yersinia/*isolation & purification ; Yersinia Infections/*diagnosis/*epidemiology