Glioma is a tumor with a high incidence of intracranial tumor. Because of its high degree of malignancy, strong invasiveness and high mortality, the current conventional treatment cannot achieve the desired therapeutic effect, which greatly affects the quality of life of patients. As a protein with the functions of anti-proliferation, anti-angiogenesis and anti-invasion, interferon is widely used in the treatment of all kinds of tumors in clinic. Many studies have shown that interferon plays an important role in the occurrence and development of gliomas. To explore the mechanism of interferon and its related signal pathway in the process of glioma invasion, and to study the new treatment of glioma is very necessary in clinical treatment.

Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) is a new tumor angiogenesis mode independent of endothelial cells and an important component of tumor microcirculation. The formation mechanism of VM in glioma is complex and variable. Various molecules and signal pathways (such as hypoxia induction factor and matrix metalloproteasefamily) interact in the formation process, to jointly regulate the formation of VM. The in-depth study of molecular mechanism can provide a theoretical basis for drug research and development against VM formation.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and mechanism of action of Compound Chaijin Jieyu Tablets (复方柴金解郁片, CCJJYT) in rats with insomnia complicated with depression. Methods Seventy-two Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into eight groups: the control, chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS), sleep deprivation (SD), CUMS + SD, positive drug (venlafaxine hydrochloride + diazepam), CCJJYT high-dose (CCJJYT˗2×), medium-dose (CCJJYT˗1×), and low-dose (CCJJYT˗0.5×) groups, with nine rats in each group. Depression-like behavior was evaluated by body weight, food intake, and behavioral tests such as the sucrose preference test (SPT), open field test (OFT), forced swimming test (FST), and pentobarbital-induced sleep test (PST). Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and Golgi-Cox staining were used to observe changes in pathological tissue and synaptic morphology, respectively. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the contents of orexin-A and acetylcholine. The expression levels of orexin receptor 1 (OXR1), melatonin receptor 1 (MT1A), melatonin receptor 2 (MT1B), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Results In the present study, rats in the model group showed significant behavioral changes as well as a reduction in hippocampal dendritic branch length and synaptic number, along with increasing the content of orexin A and acetylcholine (P< 0.05), and altered expression levels of OX1R, MT1A, MT1B, ChAT, and AChE in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex after modeling (P < 0.05). CCJJYT can improve depressive insomnia behavior and synaptic plasticity of rats (P < 0.05), which is similar to that of the positive drug group. It can also decrease the content of orexin A and acetylcholine, and reduce the expression levels of OXR1 and ChAT in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (P < 0.05), and increase the expression levels of MT1A, MT1B, and AChE proteins (P < 0.05). Conclusion CCJJYT has good antidepressant and insomnia effects, probably through the regu-lation of orexin-A, melatonin, and acetylcholine content in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of rats, improving synaptic plasticity and thus exerting antidepressant and insomnia effects.