ObjectiveTo study the validation of rehabilitation for deaf children with multichannel cochlear implant and to explore the relationship between the age and the rehabilitation effectiveness, and the change of the effectiveness over time.Methods24 prelingually deafened children with multichannel cochlear implant were investigated. And they were divided into two groups (more than 3 years old and less than 3 yeas old). The validation of rehabilitation was assessed in different times before the operation, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months, 12 months after the operation.ResultsThe longer the rehabilitation, the better the validation(P<0.05). The speed of the first group (more than 3 yeas old) is slower than the other group by the time(P<0.05).ConclusionDeaf children with cochlear implant may take more rehabilitation training after the operation.

Objective To investigate the effects of β-adrenoceptor (β-AR) activation on the apoptosis in human mesangial cells and it's mechanism.Methods Cultured HMC were used in experiments and were divied into four groups:the control group; β-AR activation (β-AR agonist NE/Pra) group; β-AR inhibitor (Prop) group; antioxidants group.The experiments technology including PCR,confocal scanning microscope,immunofluorescence and Tunel.Results The results of RTPCR and confocal scanning microscope showed that β1-AR and β2-AR were expressed in human HMC.β-AR activation induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) increase in human MCs,the relative levels of ROS were elevated as early as 0.5 h after β-AR activation,and gradually increased and peaked at 4 h on a concentration and time dependent manner.Tunel results demonstrated that β-AR activation induced apoptosis with ROS on a concentration and time dependent manner,β-AR blocking agent-propranolol significantly inhibited β-AR activation induced apoptosis.Antioxidants including vitamin C and NAC could inhibited β-AR activation induced apoptosis (all P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions β-AR is functionally expressed in human mesangial cell,furthermore β-AR activation-induced ROS increase mediate apoptosis.Antioxidants can inhibit β-AR activation induced apoptosis.

Objective To study the expression of PARP and its effect on apoptosis and proliferation in androgen dependent prostate cancer LNCaP cells.Methods The expression of PARP in a LNCaP cell line with or without PARP inhibitor 5-AIQ was measured by Western blot.The effect of 5-AIQ on the proliferation of LNCaP cells was analyzed with MTS assay,and flow cytometry analysis was performed to assess the apoptosis of LNCAP cells induced by 5-AIQ treatments.Results The protein expression of PARP in LNCaP cell line decreased to 65.3％ or 22.4％ in the 5-AIQ treatment group (500 μmol/L or 1000 μmol/L) respectively,which was obviously suppressed compared with the blank group ( P ＜ 0.05 ).When 5-AIQ was applied,from 200 to 1000 μ mol/L,the inhibition ratio of the proliferation of LNCaP cells was increased from (2.85±2.03)％ to (41.23 ±5.42)％,(2.85 ±2.03)％ to (41.23 ±5.42)％,or (25.67 ±0.63 ) ％ to (65.81 ± 1.62 ) ％ after treatment for 24 h,48 h and 72 h.The growth of LNCaP cells was significantly inhibited compared with the blank group in a dose-time-effect relationship ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Flow cytometry analysis showed that the number of apoptosis cells in early,late and total phase induced by different doses (500 μ mol/L or 1000 μmol/L) of 5-AIQ after 48 h were 23.6％,4.6％,28.2％ and 31.8％,6.3 ％,38.1％ respectively,which was significantly higher than those in the blank group ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions The expression of PARP in LNCaP cell line was suppressed by PARP inhibitor 5-AIQ,which can both inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of the LNCaP cell line.PARP is expected to become a new therapeutic target for prostate cancer in the future.

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical value of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in the diagnosis of urothelial carcinoma.MethodsFrom September 2010 to October 2011,morning voiding urine of 27 patients with suspected urothelial carcinoma was collected for FISH examination.The results of FISH examination were compared with the results of pathological examination by endoscopic biopsy.Both sensitivity and specificity were compared respectively,and the cost of each kind of examination was also considered.ResultsOf 27 cases,pathological examination by endoscopic biopsy revealed 11 cases of urothelial carcinoma,FISH examination showed 9 cases of urothelial carcinoma,but only 7 cases in these 11 cases.The overall sensitivity of FISH examination was 63.6％ (7/11 ),the specificity was 87.5％(14/16).The cost per case of FISH examination (3100 yuan) was 3.1 times of pathological examination by endoscopic biopsy( 1000 yuan).ConclusionsIt showed that there is no advantage of FISH examination for diagnosis of urothelial carcinoma considering both the sensitivity and specificity,and the cost is also higher than that of pathological examination by endoscopic biopsy.It should be evaluated further when FISH examination is widely used in clinic.

The Philippines’ medical system is mainly based on the provincial responsibility system and the limited hierarchical. The Philippine government implement Philhealth program which can provide medical insurance for most people. The top 10 fatal diseases in this country includes ischemic heart disease, stroke, lower respiratory tract infection and so on. Of these diseases, the increasing rate of hypertensive heart disease, chronic kidney disease and diabetes are fast. Bone setting, massage and herbal medicine are the major form of traditional medicine in the Philippines. The acceptance of acupuncture and moxibustion by the government and local people is relatively high acupuncture and moxibustion therapy has been included in its medical insurance. There are many limitations on the development of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) theory and Chinese herbal medicine in the Philippines, and the clinical application of acupuncture and Chinese herbal medicine is still limited. TCM education in the Philippines is still not systematic. Therefore, it is suggested to improve the education system of TCM, strengthen the promotion of acupuncture and moxibustion, give full play of the advantages of TCM for native high-risk diseases, and to make use of modern technologies such as telemedicine.

OBJECTIVETo establish a high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS)-based method for efficient determination of melamine in urinary calculi in children taking melamine-contaminated formula milk powder.

METHODSLC/MS was employed to determine the contents of melamine in urinary calculi surgically removed from 17 children with a history of taking melamine-contaminated milk powder and in 4 samples of uric acid stone from adults. The positive ionization mode of electro-spray ionization source was used, and the limit of melamine determination was 0.1 mg/kg.

RESULTSNo melamine was detected in the 4 uric acid stone samples from adults. Melamine was detected in 4 samples of urinary calculi from the 17 children, with the concentration ranging from 0.8 to 64 mg/lkg.

CONCLUSIONLC/MS is simple and effective for detecting melamine in urinary calculi, which is helpful to the treatment and follow-up.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Dairy Products ; adverse effects ; Female ; Food Contamination ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Mass Spectrometry ; methods ; Triazines ; analysis ; Urinary Calculi ; chemically induced ; chemistry

Objective To investigate the distribution characteristics and changing tendency of urinary tract stones.Methods From January 2011 to May 2017,clinical data of 15 269 patients treated in our center was retrospectively reviewed.The stone components were detected by the automatic stone infrared spectroscopy system and the predominant components were recorded.There were 9 019 male patients and 6 250 female patients.The patients were divided into four groups according to their age,including group A ≤ 18 years;group B 19-40 years;group C 41-60 years;and group D ＞ 60 years.Compared the distribution characteristics of urinary tract stones of patient in different groups of sex,age and calendar year.Results Calcium oxalate stones were more prevalent in males than females [6 221 (69.0％)vs.3 582 (57.3％),P ＜ 0.001],but calcium phosphate stones [210 (3.4％) vs.210 (2.3％)],magnesium ammonium phosphate stones [230(3.7％) vs.165 (1.8％)] and carbonate apatite stones [1 328 (21.3％) vs.1 030 (11.4％)] were more common in females than males (P ＜ 0.001,respectively).The proportion of uric acid stones in group D [679(20.7％)] was higher than that in group A [23(9.1％)],group B[260(7.9％)],group C [1 163 (13.8％)] (P ＜0.001,respectively).The peak of carbonate apatite stones was showed in group B [652(19.7％)] (P＜0.001,respectively).Ammonium urate stones [9(3.5％)] and cystine stones [36 (14.2％)] were more frequent in group A(P ＜0.001,respectively).In adults,the percentage of uric acid stones increased with age,such as group B [260(7.9％)],group C [1 163(13.8％)],group D [679 (20.7％)].And the carbonated apatite stones decreased with age,such as group B [652 (19.7％)],group C [1 270(15.1％)],group D [416(12.7％)] (P ＜0.001,respectively).Further analysis showed the proportion of calc ium oxalate (OR =0.944,95 ％ CI 0.927-0.962,P ＜ 0.001),ammonium urate stones (OR =0.854,95％ CI 0.742-0.982,P =0.027) decreased,while calcium phosphate (OR =1.192,95％ CI 1.127-1.261,P ＜0.001),uric acid (OR =1.042,95％ CI 1.015-1.069,P =0.002) and ammonium magnesium phosphate (OR =1.078,95％ CI 1.019-1.141,P =0.009) stones increased with time.Conclusions The distribution of stones was different in genders and age.Calcium oxalate stones were more common in male patients,while ammonium magnesium phosphate and carbonate apatite stones were more common in female patients.Uric acid stones were more frequent in patients older than 60,while carbonate apatite were more frequent in the 19-40 age group.The proportion of calcium oxalate and ammonium urate stones showed a downward trend,whereas calcium phosphate,uric acid and magnesium ammonium phosphate stones increased with time.

Objective:To assess the effect of stone and urine bacteria culture on the treatment of postoperative infection in percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL).Methods:Between September 2016 and September 2018, 1060 patients with kidney stones treated with first-stage PCNL were included in the study. There were 614 male and 446 female patients, with the mean age (52.4±12.2) years. The mean stone burden was (1 499.6±1 435.3) mm 2. The midstream urine sample and the stone sample were sent for bacterial culture, identification of bacterial strain and antimicrobial susceptibility tests. The results of urine culture (UC), stone culture (SC) and their antimicrobial susceptibility, the details of perioperatively administered antibiotics and postoperative infections were recorded. The relationship between the postoperative infection and the SC was analyzed. Results:In 1 060 patients, 22 bacterial species were identified in UC and 52 bacterial species were identified in SC. The positive rate was higher in SC than in UC[31.8%(337/1 060)vs. 20.9%(222/1 060), P<0.001]. Escherichia coli was the most common bacteria in both UC and SC, but was more prevalent in UC than in SC [52.3%(116/222)vs. 43.6%(147/337), P<0.05]. E. coli cultured from UC and SC had high resistance to ampicillin, cefazolin, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin (all resistance rate >40%), but were sensitive to meropenem, cefoperazone/sulbactam, piperacillin/tazobactam, and amikacin (all resistance rate <10%). There was no statistical difference in the antibiotic resistance rates of E. coli from the UC and SC (all P >0.05). There were 111 (10.5%) patients who developed fever and 22 (2.1%) who developed urosepsis postoperatively. The incidences of postoperative fever and urosepsis were higher in the patients with positive SC than the patients with negative SC [23.7%(80/337)vs. 4.3%(31/723); 4.2%(14/337)vs. 1.1%(8/723), P<0.05]. Even in patients with negative UC, The incidence of postoperative fever was higher in the group with positive SC than the group with negative SC [17.9%(30/168) vs. 4.2%(28/670), P<0.05]. The incidence of postoperative fever in SC positive patients was lower if they were treated with sensitive antibiotics to the bacteria in stone than those treated with nonsensitive antibiotics [17.5%(22/126) vs. 27.5%(58/211), P<0.05]. Conclusions:The SC had high rate of culture positive, complicated bacterial species and high rate of multi-drug resistant. Positive SC was associated with increased incidence of postoperative infection even if the patients had negative UC. The SC might have a importance clinical value in the treatment of postoperative infection in PCNL.

【Objective】 To compare the clinical application value of controllable negative pressure suction outer sheath and ordinary flexible endoscope outer sheath in flexible ureteroscopic lithotripsy with holmium laser in the treatment of renal calculi less than or equal to 2 cm in diameter. 【Methods】 A total of 85 patients with renal calculi were selected and randomly divided into negative pressure group (n=45) and ordinary group (n=40). The operation time, complications, infection indexes 2 h after operation, adverse reactions, treatment efficacy and stone-clearance rate were compared between the two groups. 【Results】 The sheath was successfully implanted and holmium laser lithotripsy was performed in both groups. The negative pressure group had significantly shorter operation time than the ordinary group [(43.3±4.9) min vs. (66.2±5.8) min, P<0.05] . There were 1 case of renal pelvis perforation and 1 case of ureteral laceration in the ordinary group (P>0.05). The increase of infection indexes (procalcitonin and leukocyte) 2 h after operation were significantly lower in the negative pressure group than in the ordinary group (P<0.05). The efficacy in the negative pressure group was 91.11% (41/45) and the stone-clearance rate was 95.56% (43/45), which were significantly better than those in the ordinary group (72.50% (29/40) and 80% (32/40), respectively. The total incidence of adverse reactions such as renal colic, gross hematuria and ureteral stone street was higher in the ordinary group than in the negative pressure group (P<0.05). 【Conclusions】 Controllable negative pressure suction sheath in flexible ureteroscopic lithotripsy is more effective, as the circulation perfusion keeps the operation field clear, reduces the operation time and improves the stone-clearance rate, while the negative pressure suction lowers the pelvis pressure to prevent infectious urine from entering the blood.