In the 21st century, the number of elderly population will reach 10% of Korean's total population, As the elderly population are increasing, the anticipation of the elderly with chronic health problem are also increased. They feel social isolation, alienation because of pain, and psychological flinching such as depression, but they can not control appropriately their chronic pain. Therefore, this study is an attempt to expose a group reminiscence therapy effect to decrease pain and depression, increasing self-esteem of the elderly as effective therapeutic nursing intervention This study is conductcd for 5 weeks from July 28 to August 31, 1997. The Subjects of this study consisted of 33 the elderly women having ronic pain. 17 of 33 residents S nursing home were ontrol group in C city. 16 of 33 resident E nursin home were experimental group in M city. The study design was a nnneqi.uivalent nontrol group with a pretest-posttest design. As for the tool for this study, Visual An logue Scale and Discriptive rating Scale were u ed to measure the pain, Zung's Depression Status nventory(DSI) which was translated by Yang S k Ha was used to measure the depression, and self-esteem scale which was translated by Byung Jae Jeon was used Lo measure self-esteem. As for the process of the study, demo raphic variables, pain, depression, self-esteem were tested with both the experimental and control grou prior to the group reminiscence. The ezperimental group was divided into 3 subgroup and a total of 4 ession of the group reminiscence therapy was performed to the experimental group for an hour at a time once a week from the first to the fourth week. Analysis of this study was computerized by using SPSS/PC. and the homogeneity which may be affected by various bariables was verifie with Chi-square and t-test, the reliablity of th tools with Cronbach's alpha, the comparison of pre and post-test with t-test in the Pain, Depression, and Self-Esteem among the experimental group and control group. The Pearson Corelation Coefficient was for analysis the relation of the Pain, Depression and Self-esteem. The results of the study can be summarized as follows ; 1. The first hypothesis, the degree of pain will be decreased on the experimental group which performed group reminiscence therapy than that of control group, was supported. VAS(t = -2.35, p=.025), DRS(t= -2.11, p=O.43). 2. The second hypothesis, the degree of depression status of the experimental group which has perfomed group reminiscence therapy will be reduced than control group was supported(t= -2.53, p= .017). 3. The third hypothesis, self-esteem of the experiinental group which has performed group reminiscence therapy will be increased than that of control group was not supported(t=1.34, p= .191). 4. The fourth hypothesis, the correlation with pain, depression, self-esteem was to appeared highly. The significance of this study through the above results shows that the Group Reminiscence Therapy is an effective nursing intervention for the elderly with chronic pain and depression.
Aged* ; Chronic Pain* ; Depression* ; Emigrants and Immigrants ; Female ; Humans ; Nursing ; Nursing Homes ; Social Isolation

No abstract available.
Cystectomy* ; Lasers, Gas* ; Volatilization*

PURPOSE: This study was to test some effects on pain, depression and ego integrity of the elderly by adapting group reminiscence therapy with mugwort fragrance to the elderly with chronic pain. METHOD: The research was executed from April 2001 through September 2001, and research participants were male and female olderly people randomly assigned from 3 environmentally similar day care centers. They were divided into experimental group A and B, and a control group; The control group was divided into a daily care group and a regularly visiting group, and the experimental group A was for group reminiscence therapy with mugwort fragrance inhalation and the group B for group reminiscence therapy. RESULT: The group reminiscence therapy with mugwort fragrance inhalation showed significant effects on decrease of pain and depression, and improvement of ego integrity, and for 2 weeks after the treatment proved its continuous effect. CONCLUSION: The result above explains the fact the mugwort fragrance stimulates reminiscence and shows curing effects. In further researches, it is necessary to adapt various health problems of the elderly, not only to the aged with chonic pain.
Aged* ; Artemisia* ; Chronic Pain* ; Day Care, Medical ; Depression* ; Ego* ; Female ; Humans ; Inhalation* ; Male

BACKGROUND: This study was performed in order to investigate the changes of Na+ transport system in the red blood cells of patients with essential hypertension. METHODS: Na(+)-Li(+) countertransport and Na(+)-K(+) pump activity were measured in 30 cases of essential hypertension and 20 healthy normal controls. And these measurements were analyzed in terms of some important clinical parameters in the patients, i.e., body mass index(BMI), status of hypertension and plasma lipids. RESULTS: Na(+) and K(+) contents of red cells in hypertensive patients were 16.9+/-1.4 and 77.8+/-2.1mmol/L cells, respectively, and no significant difference was found compared with respective value of normal control(14.2+/-0.9 and 82.2+/-2.8mmol/L cells). Na(+)-Li(+) countertransport in the patients group was significantly ancreased compared with control group(62.5+/-4.5 and 46.8+/-3.0umol/L cells.hr), and Na(+)-K(+) pump activity was also showed a significant depression(8.72+/-0.80 and 12.79+/-0.52umol Pi/mg.hr). In the analysis regarding the relationship between Na(+) transport system and some important clinical parameters of the patients with essential hypertension, Na(+)-Li(+) countertransport was related to BMI, and the level of triglyceride. On the other hand, Na(+)-K(+) pump activity was related to the WHO stage and the levels of total cholesterol and triglyceride. But level of blood pressure did not show a significant correlation with either are of the two Na(+) transport system. CONCLUSION: These resluts suggest that Na(+)-Li(+) countertransport and Na(+)-K(+) pump activity in patients with essential hypertension were significantly altered compared with heathy normal controls, and these Na(+) transport system were also influenced by BMI, WHO stage, and the levels of cholesterol and triglyceride. And the individual variation in Na(+) transport system were also suggested by the findings being overlapped between hypertensive patients and controls.
Blood Pressure ; Cholesterol ; Erythrocytes* ; Hand ; Humans ; Hypertension* ; Plasma ; Triglycerides

No abstract available.
Diagnosis* ; Genetic Counseling*

This study was aimed by applying phenomenal way of study which is the qualitative way of study in order to provide basic data for the whole nursing of the patients with artificial recipiratory organ who are in dangerous situations called mechanical ventilation aid by confirming and understanding the significance of the experience of the objects who experienced artificial recipiratory organ. The patients who agreed to participate at the study after being given the explanation, who are able to exchange minds as they are separated from the recipiratory organ and tube after having been fully recovered to the ability of breathing at present after the experience of mechanical ventilation aid in the room for serious patients of one general hospital at Sung Nam City, Kyongido province, and they are 5 in number who could repeat the statement about the experience, and it has been from Aug. 1998 through Apr. 1994. The data have been collected from the participant patients who had the feeling of trust and intimacy favorably with the researcher as they have been taken care for by the researcher when they were in artificial recipiratory organ in the room for serious patients in the hospital where the researcher has been assigned, and the details of conversation with them have been recorded directly and immediately and in order to prevent details of conversation from being omitted, they are tape-recorded by the consent of the patients. Phenomenal way of analysis suggested by Giorgi was used based on the data described from the words of the patients and the details of observation of the researcher, and the results of the study are as the below; The significance of the experience of the patients who had artificial recipilatory organ through confirmation by deep interivew and observation including participation: 1) The sense of loss: loss of mind exchange, loss of sleep, loss of guidance, loss of sense, loss of role, loss of self-concept, loss of self-control, loss of self-decision and loss of human resources. 2) Felling of inconvenience: Pain, agony 3) Psychological discords: confusion, grudge, felling of burden, fear, instability and sadness 4) Unconsciousness reaction: dream 5) Adaptation: reception, longing and feeling of gratitude and others. The significance in the science of nursing centered by the above results are as the follows; The patients with mechanical ventilation aid have been experiencing bigger pain than anyother patients in the room of serious patients due to environmental stress of the room of serious patients and the situational stress of having artificial recipiratory organ together with psychological pain due to the disease, and I think without any suitable arbitration they might be handicapped in the thought and action. The nurse who takes care of the patients with artificial recipiratory organ would be able to provide the suitable nursing arbitration which can decrease effectively the stress if the nurse has the concrete understanding about their stress as the person in intimate relationship nearest them. But until today the study on the significance of the experience of such patients has been scarcely conducted to the ones with artificial recipiratory organ and no study has been conducted in Korea. This study has been made with the effort of trying to understand deeply the experience of the patients in psychological, physical, social and spiritual views of the patients equipped with artificial recipiratory organ, therefore based on the experience of the patients with artificial recipiratory organ confirmed by this study, I think this study would be meaningful as the basic data for preparing the way of nursing arbitration effectively for the wholeman nursing for the patients who are given the mechanical ventilation aid.
Disabled Persons ; Dreams ; Gyeonggi-do ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Korea ; Negotiating ; Nursing ; Respiration ; Respiration, Artificial ; Unconsciousness

By animal experiments in rat, it has been known that Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is secreted from renal mesangial celle and is an autocrine growth factor for the proliferation of mesangial cells. According to these facts, several studies have been tried for its clinical usefulness by measuring their serum or urinary IL-6 in glomerulonephritis patients with mesangial proliferation. The authors measured urinary IL-6 levels by Interleukin-6 [123I] RIA kit (Amersham Co. UK) in 11 patients with minimal change nephrotic syndrome, in 3 patients with mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (MesPGN), in 3 patients with IgA nephropathy, in 9 patients with Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis (HSPN) in 2 patients with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN), and in 12 normal healthy children as a control group. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1) There was no significant differences of urinary IL-6 levels between minimal change nephrotic syndrome patient group and normal control group (p=0.73). The level of urinary IL-6 was increased significantly in HSPN group compared to in normal control group, statistically (p=0.045). Also there were same results in the glomerulonephritis patients with mesangial proliferation in its histopathologic findings such as IgA nephropathy, MesPGN, MPGN. 2) There was a positive correlation between the degree of mesangial proliferation and the urinary IL-6 level. In conclusion, the urinary IL-6 level reflects the glomerular mesangial proliferation and could be useful as a predictive indicator for evaluation of its clinical course in patient with mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis.
Animal Experimentation ; Animals ; Child* ; Glomerulonephritis* ; Glomerulonephritis, IGA ; Glomerulonephritis, Membranoproliferative ; Humans ; Interleukin-6* ; Interleukins* ; Mesangial Cells ; Nephritis ; Nephrosis, Lipoid ; Purpura, Schoenlein-Henoch ; Rats

OBJECTIVE: To compare manganese contents in the hair between children with cerebral palsy and healthy children, and to find out the relations with it and each of clinical types, severity, topography, seizure status, parents status, and family status in children with cerebral palsy. METHOD: Manganese contents in hair were analysed for 62 children with cerebral palsy who were in a institution for severe disabled children and 22 healthy children. Hair was collected about 2 grams from occipital scalp of each subject. Atomic Absorption Electrophotometer was used for the analysis of manganese. RESULTS: The mean values of manganese in the hair differed significantly between children with cerebral palsy (0.3970 +/- 0.4899) and control (0.0920 +/- 0.0640) (p<0.05). Especially, athetoid group (0.5607 +/- 0.6520 ppm), diplegic group (0.7123 +/- 0.6841 ppm), orphan (0.4985 +/- 0.5646 ppm), and children without family (0.4670 +/- 0.5456 ppm) showed significantly higher manganese contents than control (p<0.05). But there were no significant differences of manganese contents between each distribution of clinical type, severity, topography, seizure status, parent status, and family status among children with cerebral palsy. CONCLUSION: Suggested reasons of high manganese content in athetoid and diplegic cerebral palsy, and patients without parents or family: 1) manganese are more collected in basal ganglia, 2) diplegic cerebral palsy, orphan, and children without family may have high chances to be exposed to high manganese materials (food, heavy metals, and dust) because of better upper extremity function and a kind of pica. The further evaluation study including the analysis of manganese contents in basal ganglia should be continued to prove our hypotheses.
Absorption ; Basal Ganglia ; Cerebral Palsy* ; Child* ; Child, Orphaned ; Disabled Children ; Hair* ; Humans ; Manganese* ; Metals, Heavy ; Parents ; Pica ; Scalp ; Seizures ; Upper Extremity

The human papillomavirus(HPV) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of human conjunctival papilloma, becauses it has clinically viral nature and pathologically koilocytosis, typically found in other papilloma-induced tumors. To evaluate the association of HPV with conjunctival papilloma, 3 recurrent conjunctival papiloma were removed through cryo-excision and examined for the presence of human papillomavirus by polymerase chain reaction. All 3 cases were positive reactions to papillomavirus serotype 6/11, but koilocytosis was present in 2 cases.
Humans* ; Papilloma* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction

Children with mature visual functions can suffer from diplopia when overcorrection after strabismus surgery occurred. If the patients are willing to undergo the adjustment procedure under a topical anesthesia, we feel that it is also possible to perform the strabismus surgery in the same manner. We operated 58 strabismic children (male 37, female 21) aging from 6 to 14 under topical anesthesia using only 0.5% proparacaine (Alcaine). After bow tie suture around end of the surgery, patients were assisted in sitting upright on the operating table, asked to fixate on a 20/40 accomodative target. Subsequently, we adjusted ocular alignment to nearly orthophoria. The overall success rate was 67.2% (39/58) ; horizontal strabismus with fusion potential (74.4%) was more successful than horizontal and/or vertical combined strabismus without fusion potential (52.6%) and one muscle surgery in horizontal strabismus regardless of fusion potential (36.4%). In conclusion, this study revealed that strabismus surgery under topical anesthesia had many advantages including day surgery, decreased complications and decreased the number of surgery.
Aging ; Ambulatory Surgical Procedures ; Anesthesia* ; Child ; Diplopia ; Female ; Humans ; Operating Tables ; Strabismus* ; Sutures