Traumatic optic neuropathy is one of true ophthalmic emergencies and there is no proven form of treatment for traumatic optic neuropathy. 82 cases of traumatic optic neuropathy were investigated to evaluate the effectiveness of high dose corticosteroid for the visual improvement. Age, sex, initial visual acuity, final visual acuity, interval to treatment, the type of trauma and the affected region were studied retrospectively.250 mg of Methylprednisolone was administered intravenously every 6 hours for 3 days, and then followed by tapering using oral prednisone The vision was improved in 36 of 82 cases[43.9%]. It was difficult to interpret the relation-ships between the affected region and visual improvement, the interval for each treatment and final visual acuity. However, the vision was improved in 45 of 50 cases who had an initial visual acuity of above light perception, but in the two of 32 cases with no light perception. If indicated, fifteen cases were treated with a combination of high dose corticosteroid and optic nerve decompression. In initial treatment of traumatic optic neuropathy, high dose corticosteroid was effecive. Whether or not initial visual acuity was better than light perception was a key risk factor in the outcome.
Decompression ; Emergencies ; Methylprednisolone ; Optic Nerve ; Optic Nerve Injuries* ; Prednisone ; Risk Factors ; Visual Acuity

Adenosine deaminase(ADA)has been used for the diagnosis of localized tuberculosis.The titer of ADA was measured from the ocular fluid of the patients who had undergone vitreoretinal surgery due to non-tuberculous vitreoretinal disease. Forty five patients were included and twenty patients were male. Mean age was 51.9 years. Four patients had diabetes mellitus and two had essential hypertension. The most frequent cause of vitreoretinal surgery was proliferative vitreoretinopathy(12 eyes). For the analysis of ADA titer, vitreous fluid(group I)was aspirated in 36 patients undergoing pars plana vitrectomy and subretinal fluid(group II)in 9 patients undergoing scleral encircling. Mean titer of ADA was 9.01+/-15.69 IU/L, and there was no significant difference on the statistics between group I(6.06+/-13.75 IU/L)and group II(20.83+/-18.17 IU/L). All 45 eyes showed negative reaction to polymerase chain againt tuberculosis, and 25 of 29 patients had positive reaction to tuberculin skin test. There was no statistically significant relationship between ADA titer and tuberculin skin test. This result suggests that ADA may be used for the diagnosis of posterior ocular tuberculosis, since the normal concentration in the posterior ocular fluid was compatible with the one in other body fluids where it has been used for the diagnosis of localized tuberculosis.
Adenosine Deaminase* ; Adenosine* ; Body Fluids ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Male ; Skin Tests ; Tuberculin ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Ocular ; Vitrectomy ; Vitreoretinal Surgery

To study the effect of beta ray irradiation in preventing the recurrence of pterygium following surgical removal, clinical observation was made on 483 eyes in 447 patients who received. beta ray irradiation by 90Sr applicator (SIA-2) after operation for pterygium. Irradiation was given in doses of 360 rads 4 times with 2 days interval from immediately afteroperation. The results were as the followings: 1. Most cases were 31-40 years of age (158 eyes, 32.7% ); next, 41~50 years of age (112 eyes, 23.2%); the least, over 71 years of age (5 eyes, 1.0%). 2. All 483 cases consisted of 292 eyes (60.5%) in female and 191 eyes (39.5%) in male, but there was no significant difference in the site of the disease; right eyes, 257 eyes (53.2%) and left eyes (226 eyes)(46.8%). 3. Of all cases. 460 eyes (95.2%) was primary pterygium and 23 eyes (4.8%) recurrent pterygium. 4. Over all incidence of recurrence was 1.9% (9 eyes) of which primary pterygium occupied 1.7% (8 eyes) and recurrent type 0.2% (1 eye). 5. Of the patients with bilateral involvement, 3 cases showed unilateral recurrence.
Beta Particles ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Pterygium* ; Recurrence

We compared cycloplegic refraction after convenient, less toxic single-dose atropinization with conventional three-day atropinization in esotropic children. We examined sixty children below eight years of age with esotropia. Their eyes were examined by cycloplegic refraction at 90 and 120 minutes after administering a drop of atropine twice at five minutes interval. After eight applications for three days, we performed cycloplegic refraction of their eyes. In the two groups, spherical equivalent and spherical power were statistically significantly different, and it had no statistical significance between the measurement of single-dose atropinization plus 0.5 diopter and three-day atropinization. The side effects were found lesser in single-dose application than conventional three-day applications. The results showed that single-dose atropinization can be substituted for conventional three-day atropinization in clinical practice.
Atropine ; Child* ; Esotropia ; Humans

To evaluate factors related to success rate of dacryocystorhinostomy, we retrospectively surveyed 131 eyes about age, sex, symptom duration, etiology, obstruction site, sac size, silicone tube insertion and surgeons learning curve. Patients age, sex, obstruction site and sac size were not related to surgical results, but longer duration of epiphora, trauma, silicone intubation and poor surgical skill had relationship with poor surgical results. Surgical skill was the most important factor in multiple logistic regression. We believe that surgical technique for making a mucosal flap with bone removal etc., was very important to surgical success.
Dacryocystorhinostomy* ; Humans ; Intubation ; Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases ; Learning Curve ; Logistic Models ; Retrospective Studies ; Silicones

A case of penetrating injury into the cranial cavity through the frontal bone of right orbit by the pencil in a 6 year oLl Korean girl was reported. Visual acuity was 1.0 in the left. 0.04 (N.C.) in the right. There was lacerated wound on the upper medial portion of the fornix conjunctivae. Generalized retinal edema, especially in the macular region. was noticed but there were no neurological signs. The pencil was located from the orbital wall to the cranial cavity in the radiological studies. The pencil was removed by traction through the orbit, which was performed 10 hours after the injury. She was cured completely 6 weeks later. At that time, the visual acuity was normal.
Conjunctiva ; Female ; Foreign Bodies* ; Frontal Bone ; Humans ; Orbit ; Papilledema ; Traction ; Visual Acuity ; Wounds and Injuries

The specimens taken from the corneal lesions of 298 corneal ulcer patients who vitsited our department from Jan. 1970 to Aug. 1980 were cultured on the Sabouraud glucose agar media and microscopic examination was performed with the slide preparation on wihch recultivated from the former media. The results were as follows: 1. Of the corneal ulcer patients, the cases caused by fungal infection were 77 (25.8 %) and its incidence was the highest in 1976 (17. 51.556) and the lowest in 1978 (7, 10.3%). 2. 14 species of fungus were observed: The common species, in order of frequency, were Aspergillus sp. (21, 27.2 %), Cephalosporium sp. (14, 18.2 %), Chloridium glaucum (8, 10.4%) and Candida albicans (7, 9.1%). Streptomyces sp., Monotospora sp., and Nocardia were the least ones (1 case respecively, 1.3%). 3. The sex ratio of the fungal corneal ulcer patients was 41 to 36 in male vs. female. The age distribution was from the age of 2 to 81 and the most patients were over age 40 (67, 87.0%). 4. The majority of fungal infections had onset during the warm seasons of the year: 49 cases occurred in the warm seasons (63.6%) and 28 the cold seasons (36.4%).
Acremonium ; Agar ; Age Distribution ; Aspergillus ; Candida albicans ; Corneal Ulcer* ; Female ; Fungi ; Glucose ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Nocardia ; Seasons ; Sex Ratio ; Streptomyces

Children with mature visual functions can suffer from diplopia when overcorrection after strabismus surgery occurred. If the patients are willing to undergo the adjustment procedure under a topical anesthesia, we feel that it is also possible to perform the strabismus surgery in the same manner. We operated 58 strabismic children (male 37, female 21) aging from 6 to 14 under topical anesthesia using only 0.5% proparacaine (Alcaine). After bow tie suture around end of the surgery, patients were assisted in sitting upright on the operating table, asked to fixate on a 20/40 accomodative target. Subsequently, we adjusted ocular alignment to nearly orthophoria. The overall success rate was 67.2% (39/58) ; horizontal strabismus with fusion potential (74.4%) was more successful than horizontal and/or vertical combined strabismus without fusion potential (52.6%) and one muscle surgery in horizontal strabismus regardless of fusion potential (36.4%). In conclusion, this study revealed that strabismus surgery under topical anesthesia had many advantages including day surgery, decreased complications and decreased the number of surgery.
Aging ; Ambulatory Surgical Procedures ; Anesthesia* ; Child ; Diplopia ; Female ; Humans ; Operating Tables ; Strabismus* ; Sutures

Congenital esotopia is a constant esodeviation with a documented onset within the first six months of life, stably large angle and normal central nervous system. We examined 24 congenital esotropic patients with brain CT, electroencephalogram and the general developmental status. The rates of abnormal findings on brain CT were 8.3% and on electroencephalogram it were 33.3%. Four cases(l6.7%) of mild developmental delay and 2 cases(8.3%) of severe developmental delay were found pediatric consultation.
Brain ; Central Nervous System ; Electroencephalography ; Esotropia* ; Humans

Congenital esotopia is a constant esodeviation with a documented onset within the first six months of life, stably large angle and normal central nervous system. We examined 24 congenital esotropic patients with brain CT, electroencephalogram and the general developmental status. The rates of abnormal findings on brain CT were 8.3% and on electroencephalogram it were 33.3%. Four cases(l6.7%) of mild developmental delay and 2 cases(8.3%) of severe developmental delay were found pediatric consultation.
Brain ; Central Nervous System ; Electroencephalography ; Esotropia* ; Humans