PURPOSE: To report a rare case of localized orbital pseudotumor in the limbus. CASE SUMMARY: A 60-year-old man with a limbal mass in the left eye was referred to our clinic for further treatment. The patient's symptoms began 9-months earlier, and he was treated with oral prednisolone, but his symptoms relapsed. His left eye had a circumferentially protruded gelatinous limbal mass. The anterior segment fluorescein angiography was performed and the mass was then surgically removed. There was an interrupted fluorescence at the area of infiltrative mass at 8 seconds, and a relative hypofluorescence at 30 seconds on anterior segment fluorescein angiography. Histologic examination revealed a non-specific inflammatory reaction without the presence of tumor cells and these findings indicated a presumptive diagnosis of limbal pseudotumor. After the cessation of steroid treatment there was no evidence of tumor recurrence at the 6-month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The authors reported the first case of localized orbital pseudotumor in the limbus. Anterior segment fluorescein angiography was found useful in the evaluation and differential diagnosis of this type of limbal mass.
Diagnosis, Differential ; Eye ; Fluorescein Angiography ; Fluorescence ; Gelatin ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Orbital Pseudotumor ; Prednisolone ; Recurrence

PURPOSE: To report a rare case of localized orbital pseudotumor in the limbus. CASE SUMMARY: A 60-year-old man with a limbal mass in the left eye was referred to our clinic for further treatment. The patient's symptoms began 9-months earlier, and he was treated with oral prednisolone, but his symptoms relapsed. His left eye had a circumferentially protruded gelatinous limbal mass. The anterior segment fluorescein angiography was performed and the mass was then surgically removed. There was an interrupted fluorescence at the area of infiltrative mass at 8 seconds, and a relative hypofluorescence at 30 seconds on anterior segment fluorescein angiography. Histologic examination revealed a non-specific inflammatory reaction without the presence of tumor cells and these findings indicated a presumptive diagnosis of limbal pseudotumor. After the cessation of steroid treatment there was no evidence of tumor recurrence at the 6-month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The authors reported the first case of localized orbital pseudotumor in the limbus. Anterior segment fluorescein angiography was found useful in the evaluation and differential diagnosis of this type of limbal mass.
Diagnosis, Differential ; Eye ; Fluorescein Angiography ; Fluorescence ; Gelatin ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Orbital Pseudotumor ; Prednisolone ; Recurrence

Granulocytic sarcoma, also called chloroma or myeloblastoma, is an extramedullary invasive tumor composed of neoplastic myeloid cells. In this report, we describe a 43-year-old male patient with a collision tumor composed of an adenocarcinoma and a granulocytic sarcoma in the stomach. The coexistence of a granulocytic sarcoma and adenocarcinoma in the stomach has, to the best of our knowledge, not been reported in the literature. The diagnosis of granulocytic sarcoma is very difficult; especially in the absence of concurrent hematologic disease or in the uncommon setting of coexistence with another tumor. Cautious observation is needed when a finding of unusual atypical cells admixed with an adenocarcinoma in the stomach is confronted.
Adenocarcinoma ; Adult ; Hematologic Diseases ; Humans ; Male ; Myeloid Cells ; Sarcoma, Myeloid ; Stomach

BACKGROUND: Premedication traditionally has several goals: reduction of anxiety,pain, and secretions and provision of basal or background sedation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and side effects of nalbuphine, midazolam and buprenorphine as premedication agents. METHODS: Two hundred thirty three patients who were scheduled to have an elective operation were included in this randomized, double-blind study. Nalbuphine 0.2 mg/kg, midazolam 0.05 mg/kg or buprenorphine 0.005 mg/kg was given intramuscularly with atropine(0.01 mg/kg) one hour before arriving at operating room. Sedation, level of anxiety, subjective rating on the effect of premedication and side effects including emesis and etc. were evaluated. RESULTS: The sedation score and the level of anxiety were not significantly different among three groups. The subjective rating on the effect of premedication was significantly higher in midazolam group than other two groups(p<0.05). The frequency of preoperative emesis was not significantly different among three group. The frequency of postoperative emesis was significantly higher in buprenorphine group than other two groups(p<0.05). Buprenorphine group showed dizziness and flushing more frequently than the other two groups(p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrated that, as a premedicant, midazolam increase the patient's satisfaction and decrease lessen the incidence of postoperative emesis and buprenorphine increase the incidence the side effects such as postoerative emesis, dizziness and flushing.
Anxiety ; Buprenorphine* ; Dizziness ; Double-Blind Method ; Flushing ; Humans ; Incidence ; Midazolam* ; Nalbuphine* ; Operating Rooms ; Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting ; Premedication* ; Vomiting

OBJECTIVE: Surfactant protein (SP)-A and SP-D are involved in host defense mechanism. The author was prompted to perform a study on morphologic change and SP-A, SP-D level of surfactant after pulmonary injury inflicted by intratracheal bleomycin injection. METHODS: Fifteen white adult rats each weighing 250 g (Sprague-Daw ley) were divided into study (receiving bleomycin, n=9) and control groups (n=6). Study group were given a intratracheal injection of belomycin (5 mg/kg). Two groups were grown for five weeks at twenty five degrees Celsius, after which lung tissue were examined for morphologic change and SP-A and SP-D levels were measured using Western blot assay with densitometer. RESULTS: Before the study, the average weight of the study group was 286.69+/-14.54 g, and control was 286.69+/-14.54 g. Five weeks later, the average weight of the study group was 347.31.31+/-60.53 g and control group 352.71+/-16.84 g. However, no statistical significance was noted. On light microscopy, the control group exhibited normal findings while widening of lung interstitium and fibrotic change coupled with more prominent inflammatory cell infiltration were noted in the study group. The SP-A level were 15.34+/-1.52 ODU/microgram in the study group and 7.70+/-2.81 ODU/microgram in the control. SP-D level were 3.53+/-1.46 ODU/microgram and 7.51+/-2.33 ODU/microgram in the study and control groups respectively, there was a statistical significance (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The morphologic change after pulmonary fibrosis induced by intratracheal bleomycin injection in white rats can be summarized as chronic inflammatory cell infiltration, fibroblast proliferation, deposition of collagen tissues, and lowering of SP-D level were noted. The increase of SP-A level is subject to further study in the future.
Adult ; Animals ; Bleomycin ; Blotting, Western ; Collagen ; Fibroblasts ; Humans ; Lung ; Lung Injury ; Microscopy ; Pulmonary Fibrosis* ; Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein D ; Rats*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the inhibitory effect of tranilast on the formation of posterior capsular opacity (PCO) after a cataract operation ex vivo and in a rabbit model. METHODS: A human lens epithelial cell line (B3) was treated with 0.005-0.1 mM tranilast. Cytotoxicity assessment and effective dosage determination of tranilast were performed using MTT assays. B3 cell lines were cultured in Eagle's minimal essential medium (EMEM) containing 20% FBS with different concentrationsof tranilast, and morphological differences were observed. To investigate the effect of tranilast on cytokine production in B3 cell lines, cells were treated with 0.01 mM tranilast and expression profiles of cytokines were analyzed by RT-PCR. After performing phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation in 10 white rabbits, 0.5% tranilast eye drops were given 4 times per day, and the severity of PCO was evaluated bi-weekly using POCOman for 8 weeks after the operation. RESULTS: Cell death was observed in the 0.05 mM tranilast-treated B3 cell lines, and inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was also observed in the 0.01 mM tranilast-treated B3 cell lines. TGF-beta1/2, IL-18, and CDK7 mRNA expression decreased in the 0.01 mM tranilast-treated B3 cell lines. Significant suppression of PCO formation was observed in rabbits treated with 0.5% tranilast eye drops 5 weeks post operative (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The results from this study show that tranilast suppresses EMT through inhibition of TGF-beta, IL-18,and CDK7 expression. The results suggest that tranilast can be used toprevent PCO formation after cataract surgery.
Cataract ; Cell Death ; Cell Line ; Cytokines ; Epithelial Cells ; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition ; Humans ; Interleukin-18 ; Lens Implantation, Intraocular ; Ophthalmic Solutions ; ortho-Aminobenzoates ; Phacoemulsification ; Rabbits ; RNA, Messenger ; Transforming Growth Factor beta

PURPOSE: To evaluate the inhibitory effect of tranilast on the formation of posterior capsular opacity (PCO) after a cataract operation ex vivo and in a rabbit model. METHODS: A human lens epithelial cell line (B3) was treated with 0.005-0.1 mM tranilast. Cytotoxicity assessment and effective dosage determination of tranilast were performed using MTT assays. B3 cell lines were cultured in Eagle's minimal essential medium (EMEM) containing 20% FBS with different concentrationsof tranilast, and morphological differences were observed. To investigate the effect of tranilast on cytokine production in B3 cell lines, cells were treated with 0.01 mM tranilast and expression profiles of cytokines were analyzed by RT-PCR. After performing phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation in 10 white rabbits, 0.5% tranilast eye drops were given 4 times per day, and the severity of PCO was evaluated bi-weekly using POCOman for 8 weeks after the operation. RESULTS: Cell death was observed in the 0.05 mM tranilast-treated B3 cell lines, and inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was also observed in the 0.01 mM tranilast-treated B3 cell lines. TGF-beta1/2, IL-18, and CDK7 mRNA expression decreased in the 0.01 mM tranilast-treated B3 cell lines. Significant suppression of PCO formation was observed in rabbits treated with 0.5% tranilast eye drops 5 weeks post operative (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The results from this study show that tranilast suppresses EMT through inhibition of TGF-beta, IL-18,and CDK7 expression. The results suggest that tranilast can be used toprevent PCO formation after cataract surgery.
Cataract ; Cell Death ; Cell Line ; Cytokines ; Epithelial Cells ; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition ; Humans ; Interleukin-18 ; Lens Implantation, Intraocular ; Ophthalmic Solutions ; ortho-Aminobenzoates ; Phacoemulsification ; Rabbits ; RNA, Messenger ; Transforming Growth Factor beta

PURPOSE: This study examined intraoperative imaging to monitor the alignment of the acetabular cup for total hip replacement arthroplasty (THRA) using C-arm fluoroscopy and to increase the accuracy of THRA prosthetic fixation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From March 2004 to April 2007, 54 patients underwent THRA monitored by the imaging. 40degreesinclination and a 15degreesanteversion angle was considered to be ideal. The items compared included the alignment of the acetabular cup and the follow up rates of the hip dislocation. RESULTS: There was one case of hip dislocation. The mean inclination angle of the acetabular component was 39.9degreeswith a standard deviation of 3.038. The mean anteversion angle of the acetabular component was 14.9degreeswith a standard deviation of 1.398. The mean difference examination and variance in the anteversion angle showed a significant result.(P<0.05) CONCLUSION: Intraoperative imaging increases the alignment accuracy of the acetabular cup and helps stabilize the prosthesis.
Acetabulum* ; Arthroplasty* ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip* ; Fluoroscopy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hip Dislocation ; Humans ; Prostheses and Implants

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of spinal deformities such as scoliosis, thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis in Korean elementary school students. METHOD: Five hundred forty Korean elementary school students were preliminary screened for spinal deformities by physical examinations and the three dimensional skeletal analysis system. The study time and pain regions were investigated in sitting on chairs that commonly used in Korean elementary school. RESULTS: The prevalence of scoliosis, thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis were 9.8%, 18.7% and 23.1%. There was a significant difference in study time between spinal deformity group and control group (p<0.01). In spinal deformity group, pain regions were low back (45%), posterior neck (23%), buttock (21%) and shoulder and elbow joints (11%). CONCLUSION: The spinal deformities showed high prevalence in elementary school students assessed by the three dimensional skeletal system analyser. The long term follow-up evaluation and confirmative radiographic study will be necessary to assess curve progression in spinal deformity group.
Animals ; Buttocks ; Congenital Abnormalities* ; Elbow Joint ; Humans ; Kyphosis ; Lordosis ; Neck ; Physical Examination ; Prevalence ; Scoliosis ; Shoulder

Lichen planus and vitiligo are common skin disorders, which rarely coexist. We report a case of colocalization of lichen planus and vitiligo in a 42-year-old woman. Furthermore, herein, we discuss the possible mechanism of colocalization of lichen planus and vitiligo, including the role of actinic damage in the initiation of lymphocytic infiltrates of lichen planus in vitiliginous skin.
Actins ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Lichen Planus* ; Lichens* ; Skin ; Vitiligo*