PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a smoking cessation program using self-regulated learning strategy as an approach for middle-school boys to stop smoking. METHODS: A one group time series study was utilized for the purpose of this study. A five-week smoking cessation program, based on the self-regulated learning strategy of Zimmerman (1989), was provided to 15 middle-school boys who were smokers. Data were collected from July to September, 2008 and analyzed using descriptive statistics, repeated measures ANOVA, and nonparametric test, Friedman, 2 related samples with SPSS/WIN 14.0 program. RESULTS: Following the intervention, the participants showed significant differences on self-regulatory efficacy, cons of smoking, stage of smoking behavior change, nicotine dependency, urine cotinine levels, and CO expiration levels compared to those at pretest and those differences remained at 5 months after the intervention, except cons of smoking. CONCLUSION: This study suggest that the smoking cessation program using self-regulated learning strategy is effective for smoking cessation in middle-school boys and those smoking cessation behaviors remained for up to 5 months after the completion of the intervention. Broad application of the program would be beneficial for teenagers who smoke.
Adolescent ; Analysis of Variance ; Cotinine ; Humans ; Learning* ; Nicotine ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Smoking Cessation*

PURPOSE: This study aimed to examine the factors related to the bone mineral density (BMD) in male and female adults aged 50 years or older. The factors included were socio-demographics, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, blood lipids, and health habits. METHODS: As a secondary data analysis, this study used raw data from the 5th Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, and selected 2,295 adults aged over 50 years who participated in the survey and had BMD values. The T-score of the femoral neck was evaluated for BMD. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, ANOVA and multiple regression. RESULTS: The factors influencing the BMD in men were age (β=−.029, p<.001), BMI (β=.100, p<.001), triglyceride (β=−.001, p=.001), and calcium (β=.001, p=.003), and the suggested regression equation explained 25.6% of the variance in BMD (F=16.32, p<.001). The factors related to BMD in women were age (β=−.060, p<.001), BMI (β=.091, p<.001), total cholesterol (β=−.002, p=.028), HDL cholesterol (β=.009, p=.001), and calcium (β=.001, p=.004), and the suggested regression equation explained 47.0% of the variance in BMD (F=61.72, p<.001). CONCLUSION: Based on the findings of this study, the modifiable factors, such as BMI, blood cholesterol, and calcium, should be targeted to improve the BMD in both men and women.
Adult* ; Blood Pressure ; Body Mass Index ; Bone Density ; Calcium ; Cholesterol ; Cholesterol, HDL ; Female ; Femur Neck ; Humans ; Male ; Miners* ; Nutrition Surveys* ; Osteoporosis ; Sex Characteristics ; Statistics as Topic ; Triglycerides

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the predictors of clinical competence in new graduate nurses. METHODS: The subjects of this study were 238 nurses at 13 general hospitals who have had less than 12 months of nursing experience. The data were collected by structured questionnaire from August 5 to August 31 of 2009 and analyzed by the SPSS Win 12.0 program. RESULTS: The total mean score for clinical competence was 181.05+/-15.17, critical thinking disposition was 94.65+/-8.12, and practice environment was 41.00+/-5.55. There were significant differences of clinical competence according to the GPA (t=-3.58, p<.001), the number of beds in the hospital (t=-3.22, p=.001), instruction by preceptor (t=-2.32, p=.021), and previous experience of clinical practice in the hospital (t=-2.21, p=.028). Additionally, critical thinking disposition and practice environment were positively correlated to clinical competence (r=.50, p<.001; r=.20, p=.002). In multivariate approach, predictors included in this study explained 43% of variance in clinical competence. Significant predictors of clinical competence were critical thinking disposition (beta=.50, p<.001), practice environment (beta=.14, p=.012), and working duration (beta=.13, p=.018). CONCLUSIONS: Based on these findings, it is needed that providing supportive practice environment and developing curriculum for enhancing the critical thinking disposition to improve the clinical competence in new graduate nurses.
Clinical Competence ; Curriculum ; Hospitals, General ; Mental Processes ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Thinking

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the predictors of clinical competence in new graduate nurses. METHODS: The subjects of this study were 238 nurses at 13 general hospitals who have had less than 12 months of nursing experience. The data were collected by structured questionnaire from August 5 to August 31 of 2009 and analyzed by the SPSS Win 12.0 program. RESULTS: The total mean score for clinical competence was 181.05+/-15.17, critical thinking disposition was 94.65+/-8.12, and practice environment was 41.00+/-5.55. There were significant differences of clinical competence according to the GPA (t=-3.58, p<.001), the number of beds in the hospital (t=-3.22, p=.001), instruction by preceptor (t=-2.32, p=.021), and previous experience of clinical practice in the hospital (t=-2.21, p=.028). Additionally, critical thinking disposition and practice environment were positively correlated to clinical competence (r=.50, p<.001; r=.20, p=.002). In multivariate approach, predictors included in this study explained 43% of variance in clinical competence. Significant predictors of clinical competence were critical thinking disposition (beta=.50, p<.001), practice environment (beta=.14, p=.012), and working duration (beta=.13, p=.018). CONCLUSIONS: Based on these findings, it is needed that providing supportive practice environment and developing curriculum for enhancing the critical thinking disposition to improve the clinical competence in new graduate nurses.
Clinical Competence ; Curriculum ; Hospitals, General ; Mental Processes ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Thinking

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze effects of a problem-solving program on problem-solving ability, self-esteem, and depression for middle school girls with depression. METHODS: This quasi-experimental study was designed with a nonequivalent control group pre-post test. The research participants were middle school girls (N=82; experimental group=32, control group=50) whose CES-D score was higher than 24. The problem solving program consisted of 10 sessions (90 min/session) was composed of introduction, problem orientation, problem solving skills, case application, and ending. The outcomes were measured by the Social Problem-Solving Inventory-Revised (SPSI-R), Rosenberg Self-Esteem (RSE), and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). RESULTS: The experimental group showed significantly higher levels of problem solving ability (t=3.10, p=.003) and lower depression levels (t=-2.60, p=.011) than the control group after completing the program. The levels of self-esteem of the experimental group were improved after the program but the changes in self-esteem were not reached to the significant levels when compared with those of control group (t=1.64, p=.104). CONCLUSION: Based on this study, problem-solving program is very effective to middle school girls with depression. Therefore, providing problem-solving program as an intervention to promote mental health of adolescents with depression should be considered.
Adolescent ; Depression* ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Evaluation Studies as Topic ; Female ; Humans ; Mental Health ; Problem Solving ; Self Concept

Acute liver failure is a rare but fatal condition characterized by rapid deterioration of liver function resulting in coagulopathy and altered mentation in patients without known liver disease. The three most common causes of liver failure in Korea are hepatitis B virus, exposure to certain herbs, and hepatitis A virus. Because the cause of liver failure is the most important prognostic factor, the etiology of liver failure should be evaluated as the initial step in the assessment of affected patients. Patients with acute liver failure should be intensively monitored and treated for various secondary conditions that may occur or have already developed, including cerebral edema, seizures, hemodynamic instability, renal failure, infection, bleeding, and metabolic disturbances. Although treatment with N-acetylcysteine has shown a survival benefit in patients with mild hepatic encephalopathy, the overall mortality rate associated with acute liver failure is high unless patients undergo liver transplantation, prompting patients and physicians to be prepared for transplantation. Therefore, patients who are suspected to have, or who have been diagnosed with, acute liver failure should be transferred to a transplant facility and be prepared for liver transplantation while they undergo intensive monitoring and medical treatment.
Acetylcysteine ; Brain Edema ; Diagnosis ; Hemodynamics ; Hemorrhage ; Hepatic Encephalopathy ; Hepatitis A virus ; Hepatitis B virus ; Humans ; Korea ; Liver ; Liver Diseases ; Liver Failure ; Liver Failure, Acute* ; Liver Transplantation ; Mortality ; Renal Insufficiency ; Seizures

PURPOSE: This study was done to identify the differences nursing needs and satisfaction with medications in patients admitted to hospital. METHOD: The participants were 258 patients admitted for 3days or more to D hospital. The data were analyzed using frequencies, percentages, means, standard deviations, t-test and ANOVA. SPSS-WIN 11.0 was used to assist analysis. RESULTS: The results are as follow: 1. Variables effecting nursing needs were education and economic level. All scores of nursing needs were higher in the group with less than middle school education compared to those with high school education or higher. 2. The scores for nursing needs were higher than the score for satisfaction in common item and injection domains. The scores for nursing satisfaction were higher than nursing needs in the oral medication domain. 3. The item with the highest difference between the scores for nursing needs and satisfaction was 'I want to know the side effect of the drugs'. CONCLUSION: Patients admitted to hospital want to know the therapeutic effect, side effect and reason for their drugs. However satisfaction with medication was not equal to needs. It is necessary to emphasize clinical pharmacology in nursing education programs.
Education ; Education, Nursing ; Humans ; Nursing* ; Pharmacology, Clinical

PURPOSE: This study aims to examine the effects of nursing interventions based on the Extended Theory of Planned Behavior (ETPB) regarding self-efficacy for exercise (SEE), physical activity (PA), physical function (PF), and quality of life (QOL) in patients with lung cancer who have undergone pulmonary resection. METHODS: This quasi-experimental study was conducted between July 2015 and June 2018 in two university-affiliated hospitals. The intervention included pre-operative patient education, goal setting (action and coping planning), and feedback (behavior intention and perceived behavioral control). The intervention group (IG) (n=51) received nursing interventions from the day before surgery to 12 months after lung resection, while the comparison group (CG) (n=36) received usual care. SEE, PA, PF (dyspnea, functional status, and 6-minute walking distance [6MWD]), and QOL were measured before surgery and at one, three, six, and 12 months after surgery. Data were analyzed using the χ² test, Fisher's exact test, Mann–Whitney U test, t-test, and generalized estimation equations (GEE). RESULTS: There were significant differences between the two groups regarding SEE (χ²=13.53, p=.009), PA (χ²=9.51, p=.049), functional status (χ²=10.55, p=.032), and 6MWD (χ²=15.62, p=.004). Although there were no time or group effects, the QOL mental component (Z=−2.78, p=.005) of the IG was higher than that of the CG one month after surgery. Interventions did not affect dyspnea or the QOL physical component. CONCLUSION The intervention of this study was effective in improving SEE, PA, functional status, and 6MWD of lung cancer patients after lung resection. Further extended investigations that utilize ETPB are warranted to confirm these results.

PURPOSE: This study aims to examine the effects of nursing interventions based on the Extended Theory of Planned Behavior (ETPB) regarding self-efficacy for exercise (SEE), physical activity (PA), physical function (PF), and quality of life (QOL) in patients with lung cancer who have undergone pulmonary resection.METHODS: This quasi-experimental study was conducted between July 2015 and June 2018 in two university-affiliated hospitals. The intervention included pre-operative patient education, goal setting (action and coping planning), and feedback (behavior intention and perceived behavioral control). The intervention group (IG) (n=51) received nursing interventions from the day before surgery to 12 months after lung resection, while the comparison group (CG) (n=36) received usual care. SEE, PA, PF (dyspnea, functional status, and 6-minute walking distance [6MWD]), and QOL were measured before surgery and at one, three, six, and 12 months after surgery. Data were analyzed using the χ² test, Fisher's exact test, Mann–Whitney U test, t-test, and generalized estimation equations (GEE).RESULTS: There were significant differences between the two groups regarding SEE (χ²=13.53, p=.009), PA (χ²=9.51, p=.049), functional status (χ²=10.55, p=.032), and 6MWD (χ²=15.62, p=.004). Although there were no time or group effects, the QOL mental component (Z=−2.78, p=.005) of the IG was higher than that of the CG one month after surgery. Interventions did not affect dyspnea or the QOL physical component.CONCLUSION: The intervention of this study was effective in improving SEE, PA, functional status, and 6MWD of lung cancer patients after lung resection. Further extended investigations that utilize ETPB are warranted to confirm these results.
Dyspnea ; Exercise ; Humans ; Intention ; Lung Neoplasms ; Lung ; Motor Activity ; Non-Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Nursing ; Patient Education as Topic ; Quality of Life ; Self Efficacy ; Walking

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is a method of providing enteral nutrition using endoscopy. The PEG techniques differ according to the insertion method, and include the pull type, push type, and introducer type. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes associated with the pull-type and introducer-type PEG insertion techniques, which included the adverse events, at our tertiary care center in Korea. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 141 cases that had undergone PEG insertion at our center from January 2009 to June 2012. The indications for PEG insertion and the acute and chronic complications caused by each type of PEG insertion were analyzed. RESULTS: The indications for PEG insertion in our cohort included neurologic disease (58.7%), malignancy (21.7%), and other indications (19.6%). Successful PEG insertions were performed on 136 cases (96.5%), and there were no PEG-associated deaths. Bleeding was the most frequent acute complication (12.8%), and wound problems were the most frequent chronic complications (8.8%). There were no statistically significant differences between the pull-type and introducer-type PEG insertion techniques in relation to complication rates in our study population. CONCLUSIONS: PEG insertion is considered a safe procedure. The pull-type and introducer-type PEG insertion techniques produce comparable outcomes, and physicians may choose either of these approaches according to the circumstances.
Cohort Studies ; Endoscopy ; Enteral Nutrition ; Gastrostomy* ; Hemorrhage ; Korea ; Retrospective Studies ; Tertiary Care Centers ; Wounds and Injuries