PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of a weight control program and compliancy in overweight women. METHOD: This program was composed of strategies to modify diet and exercise and to change compliance and self determination over an 8 week period. The subjects were 19 overweight women who participated in our project voluntarily. Data was collected from May 4 to Jun 30 of 2007. The program consisted of regular rapid walking exercise, diet, mobile phone messages and e-mail. The data was analyzed by Repeated Measures ANOVA using the SPSS WIN program. RESULT: According to 3 assessment periods, there were significant differences in body weight, body mass index, and compliance. There were no significant differences in self determination. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that more intensive interventions may be needed to demonstrate a change in self determination.
Adult ; Body Mass Index ; Diet ; Exercise ; Female ; Humans ; Mental Competency ; Obesity/diet therapy ; Overweight/*therapy ; Patient Compliance ; Personal Autonomy ; Walking

Localized nodular myositis is an uncommon benign inflammatory myopathy of unkonwn cause affecting skeletal muscle and, presenting as a localized painful swelling within the soft tissue of an extremity. Histological examination reveals lymphocytic infiltration, scattered muscle fiber necrosis and regeneration, and interstitial fibrosis. MRI finding is an enhancement with increased signal intensity around the lesion. We report two cases of localized nodular myositis presenting as pseudothrobothrombophlebitis. We believe this is the first case report of localized nodular myositis in Korea.
Extremities ; Fibrosis ; Korea ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Myositis* ; Necrosis ; Regeneration

Sorafenib is an oral multikinase inhibitor with clinical activity against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and renal cell carcinoma. Administration of sorafenib carries a variety of adverse cutaneous reactions. Common adverse effects induced by sorafenib include hand-foot skin reactions, facial erythema, splinter subungual hemorrhage, and alopecia. Although erythema multiforme (EM) related to sorafenib has been reported, delayed-type cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions are rare in patients treated with sorafenib and there has been no case of Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) reported so far. We recently experienced 3 cases of delayed-type cutaneous hypersensitivity related to administration of sorafenib. The first case was a 47-year female had targetoid erythematous rashes on her arms 12 days after starting sorafenib for HCC. The rashes spread from the arms to the trunk rapidly except for the hands and feet, and erosive lesions developed in the oral mucosa and lips. She was diagnosed as SJS. The second case was an 81-year-old male had maculopapular eruptions with multiple targetoid lesions on the trunk, arms, and legs 10 days after starting sorafenib for his HCC. There was no evidence of mucosal involvement. He was diagnosed with EM. The last one was a 20-year-old female developed generalized maculopapular eruptions in the whole body 10 days after starting sorafenib for the treatment of HCC. All 3 patients completely recovered after discontinuation of sorafenib.
Aged, 80 and over ; Alopecia ; Arm ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; Erythema ; Erythema Multiforme ; Exanthema ; Female ; Foot ; Hand ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity* ; Hypersensitivity, Delayed ; Leg ; Lip ; Male ; Mouth Mucosa ; Skin ; Stevens-Johnson Syndrome ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Controversy exists regarding the role of endogenous ouabain in the pathogenesis of DOCA-salt induced hypertension. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of endogenous ouabain in the development of hypertension in DOCA-salt rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The mean blood pressure and heart rate were recorded in 1, 2 and 4 week old control and DOCA-salt treated rats. The endogenous levels of ouabain in the plasma, hypothalamus, pituitary and adrenal glands of the 1, 2 and 4 week old control and DOCA-salt treated rats were also measured using a radioimmunoassay. RESULTS: The mean blood pressures in the 2 and 4 week old DOCA-salt treated rats were significantly higher than those of the controls. There was no significant change in the heart rate between the DOCA-salt treated and control groups. In the 4 week old DOCA-salt treated rats, the endogenous level of ouabain in the adrenal glands was higher than that in the control rats, but this was only weakly significant. The endogenous level of ouabain in the hypothalamus was significantly higher in the 1 week old DOCA-salt treated rats than in the control, but this significance disappeared in the 2 and 4 week old DOCA-salt treated rats. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the endogenous level of ouabain contributes to the development and maintenance of high blood pressure in DOCA-salt rats. Further studies will be required to elucidate the relationship between the endogenous level of ouabain and DOCA-salt hypertension.
Adrenal Glands ; Animals ; Blood Pressure ; Heart Rate ; Hypertension ; Hypothalamus ; Ouabain* ; Plasma ; Radioimmunoassay ; Rats*

PURPOSE: Coiling or infusion of embolic materials into a wide necked aneurysm can be performed with stenting. The purpose of our study is to assess the technical feasibility of aneurysm treatment with glue embolization after stenting. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used four Wallstents for surgically repairing eight canine carotid aneurysms. After confirmation of the aneurysms on the angiogram, we introduced a 6-7 F guiding catheter in order to deploy the stents. After stenting, we passed a microcatheter into the aneurysm lumen through the stent mesh. 28% glue was slowly injected until the glue cast completely filled the lumen. We evaluated the passage of a microcatheter through the stent meshwork, formation of the glue cast and the stents' ability to protection for any leakage of glue. The follow-up angiogram was obtained for two dogs, one to three times until 8 weeks, and then we sacrificed the dogs and performed pathologic examinations. RESULTS: Stenting was successful in all cases except one in which the vessel was occluded because the stent was not completely expanded within the lumen. The microcatheter could not pass through the stent mesh in one aneurysm. The two week follow-up angiogram showed complete occlusion of the aneurysm and a patent carotid lumen in a case after successful stenting and glue embolization without distal migration of glue. Tungsten in the glue was noted to migrate out of aneurysm into the soft tissue of the neck. Histopathologic examination showed successful obliteration and stable organization of the aneurysmal lumen with ingrowth of fibroblasts and a foreign body reaction. In contrast, the aneurysms without the glue embolization being performed showed partially thrombosed aneurysmal lumens that became smaller and indistinct on the 8 week follow-up angiograms. Histopathologic examination showed a disorganized thrombus with numerous recanalizations. CONCLUSION: Glue embolization after stenting could be performed for aneurysm without distal migration of the glue or gluing of the catheter. This concept appears to be useful for applications to the further research and the treatment of aneurysm.
Adhesives* ; Aneurysm* ; Animals ; Carotid Arteries* ; Catheters ; Dogs ; Fibroblasts ; Follow-Up Studies ; Foreign-Body Reaction ; Intracranial Aneurysm ; Neck ; Stents* ; Thrombosis ; Tungsten

Objective: To investigate the diagnostic yield of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in patients with transient global amnesia (TGA) and identify significant parameters affecting diagnostic yield. Materials and Methods: A systematic literature search of the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases was conducted to identify studies that assessed the diagnostic yield of DWI in patients with TGA. The pooled diagnostic yield of DWI in patients with TGA was calculated using the DerSimonian-Laird random-effects model. Subgroup analyses were also performed of slice thickness, magnetic field strength, and interval between symptom onset and DWI. Results: Twenty-two original articles (1732 patients) were included. The pooled incidence of right, left, and bilateral hippocampal lesions was 37% (95% confidence interval [CI], 30–44%), 42% (95% CI, 39–46%), and 25% (95% CI, 20–30%) of all lesions, respectively. The pooled diagnostic yield of DWI in patients with TGA was 39% (95% CI, 27–52%). The Higgins I2 statistic showed significant heterogeneity (I2 = 95%). DWI with a slice thickness ≤ 3 mm showed a higher diagnostic yield than DWI with a slice thickness > 3 mm (pooled diagnostic yield: 63% [95% CI, 53–72%] vs. 26% [95% CI, 16–40%], p < 0.01). DWI performed at an interval between 24 and 96 hours after symptom onset showed a higher diagnostic yield (68% [95% CI, 57–78%], p < 0.01) than DWI performed within 24 hours (16% [95% CI, 7–34%]) or later than 96 hours (15% [95% CI, 8–26%]). There was no difference in the diagnostic yield between DWI performed using 3T vs. 1.5T (pooled diagnostic yield, 31% [95% CI, 25–38%] vs. 24% [95% CI, 14–37%], p = 0.31). Conclusion The pooled diagnostic yield of DWI in TGA patients was 39%. DWI obtained with a slice thickness ≤ 3 mm or an interval between symptom onset and DWI of > 24 to 96 hours could increase the diagnostic yield.

Objective: To investigate the diagnostic yield of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in patients with transient global amnesia (TGA) and identify significant parameters affecting diagnostic yield. Materials and Methods: A systematic literature search of the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases was conducted to identify studies that assessed the diagnostic yield of DWI in patients with TGA. The pooled diagnostic yield of DWI in patients with TGA was calculated using the DerSimonian-Laird random-effects model. Subgroup analyses were also performed of slice thickness, magnetic field strength, and interval between symptom onset and DWI. Results: Twenty-two original articles (1732 patients) were included. The pooled incidence of right, left, and bilateral hippocampal lesions was 37% (95% confidence interval [CI], 30–44%), 42% (95% CI, 39–46%), and 25% (95% CI, 20–30%) of all lesions, respectively. The pooled diagnostic yield of DWI in patients with TGA was 39% (95% CI, 27–52%). The Higgins I2 statistic showed significant heterogeneity (I2 = 95%). DWI with a slice thickness ≤ 3 mm showed a higher diagnostic yield than DWI with a slice thickness > 3 mm (pooled diagnostic yield: 63% [95% CI, 53–72%] vs. 26% [95% CI, 16–40%], p < 0.01). DWI performed at an interval between 24 and 96 hours after symptom onset showed a higher diagnostic yield (68% [95% CI, 57–78%], p < 0.01) than DWI performed within 24 hours (16% [95% CI, 7–34%]) or later than 96 hours (15% [95% CI, 8–26%]). There was no difference in the diagnostic yield between DWI performed using 3T vs. 1.5T (pooled diagnostic yield, 31% [95% CI, 25–38%] vs. 24% [95% CI, 14–37%], p = 0.31). Conclusion The pooled diagnostic yield of DWI in TGA patients was 39%. DWI obtained with a slice thickness ≤ 3 mm or an interval between symptom onset and DWI of > 24 to 96 hours could increase the diagnostic yield.

To obtain an in-depth understanding of brain diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, psychiatric illnesses, and neoplasms, scientific approach and verification using postmortem human brain tissue with or without disease are essential. Compared to other countries that have run brain banks for decades, South Korea has limited experience with brain banking; nationwide brain banks started only recently. The goal of this study is to provide provisional guidelines for brain autopsy for hospitals and institutes that have not accumulated sufficient expertise. We hope that these provisional guidelines will serve as a useful reference for pathologists and clinicians who are involved and interested in the brain bank system. Also, we anticipate updating the provisional guidelines in the future based on collected data and further experience with the practice of brain autopsy in South Korea.
Academies and Institutes ; Autopsy* ; Brain Diseases ; Brain* ; Dementia ; Hope ; Humans ; Korea* ; Neurodegenerative Diseases ; Neuropathology

PURPOSE: Obtaining brain tissue is critical to definite diagnosis and to furthering understanding of neurodegenerative diseases. The present authors have maintained the National Neuropathology Reference and Diagnostic Laboratories for Dementia in South Korea since 2016. We have built a nationwide brain bank network and are collecting brain tissues from patients with neurodegenerative diseases. We are aiming to facilitate analyses of clinic-pathological and image-pathological correlations of neurodegenerative disease and to broaden understanding thereof. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We recruited participants through two routes: from memory clinics and the community. As a baseline evaluation, clinical interviews, a neurological examination, laboratory tests, neuropsychological tests, and MRI were undertaken. Some patients also underwent amyloid PET. RESULTS: We recruited 105 participants, 70 from clinics and 35 from the community. Among them, 11 died and were autopsied. The clinical diagnoses of the autopsied patients included four with Alzheimer's disease (AD), two with subcortical vascular dementia, two with non-fluent variant primary progressive aphasia, one with leukoencephalopathy, one with frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and one with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). Five patients underwent amyloid PET: two with AD, one with mixed dementia, one with FTD, and one with CJD. CONCLUSION: The clinical and neuropathological information to be obtained from this cohort in the future will provide a deeper understanding of the neuropathological mechanisms of cognitive impairment in Asia, especially Korea.
Alzheimer Disease ; Amyloid ; Aphasia, Primary Progressive ; Asia ; Brain* ; Cognition Disorders ; Cohort Studies ; Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome ; Dementia ; Dementia, Vascular ; Diagnosis ; Frontotemporal Dementia ; Humans ; Korea* ; Leukoencephalopathies ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Memory ; Neurodegenerative Diseases ; Neurologic Examination ; Neuropathology ; Neuropsychological Tests

Recently, metastasis to N3 lymph nodes group was regarded as distant metastasis by the new TNM staging system due to poor overall survival. However, the 5-year overall survival rate of patients with metastasis to N3 groups was 34.5% after curative surgery. Moreover, in patients with metastasis to lymph node subgroups of #12, #13, #14, the overall 5-year survival rate increased upto 47.2% after curative resection and adjuvant chemotherapy. This was similar to that of the patients with metastasis to N1 and N2 lymph nodes groups. But in these highly tumor burden states, no survival benefit was found with the addition of immunotherapy to chemotherapy as we achieved in stage II and III. Therefore, we suggest that, at least, metastasis to #12, #13, #14 lymph nodes subgroups should not be categorized as a distant metastasis. And in these situations, active curative radical surgery with extended lymphadenectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy are recommended.
Adult ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Female ; Human ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Age ; Stomach Neoplasms/mortality/*pathology/surgery ; Survival Rate