Purpose: This study aimed to identify the effect of self-esteem and spouse support on prenatal depression. Methods: The subjects were 131 pregnant women who visited two women clinics located in Changwon City. Data were collected from September 25 to November 20, 2019, and the self-report questionnaire included spouse support, self-esteem, and prenatal depression. The collected data were analyzed by IBM SPSS Statistics ver. 23.0 using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple regression analysis. Results: Prenatal depression had a significant negative correlation with self-esteem (r=-0.39, p=0.001) and spouse support (r=-0.36, p<0.001). The factors affecting prenatal depression were religion (β=-0.16, p=0.035), monthly family income (β=-0.15, p=0.040), self-esteem (β=-0.25, p=0.002), and spouse support (β=-0.19, p=0.017); these variables explained 28.4% of the variance in prenatal depression. Conclusion To prevent depression in pregnant women, professional counseling and support systems such as spouses, religious and social environments should be applied to pregnant women, especially those with low self-esteem. Additionally, more financial support should be provided for low-income pregnant women. Further, there is a need to screen and manage the risk of depression in pregnancy.

OBJECTIVE: To delineate the role of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in relation to nocturnal polyuria, and to identify the factors influencing on the diurnal antidiuretic hormone level. METHOD: The ADH was measured by radioimmuoassay at daytime (2:00 PM) and at nighttime (2:00 AM) with nocturnal polyuria group (11) and without nocturnal polyuria group (8). Urine volume, serum osmolarity, urine osmolarity, and blood pressure were also measured at the same time. RESULTS: 1) The ADH at 2:00 AM did not increase in nocturnal polyuria group, although it increased in no-symptom group. 2) There was a statistically significant correlation between wheelchair ambulation time and daytime ADH level. 3) The difference of ADH level between daytime and nighttime showed decrease in orthostatic hypotension group. CONCLUSION: There was relationship between nocturnal polyuria and diurnal variation of ADH level. The ADH concentration seems to be influenced by the postural factors and sympathetic factors.
Blood Pressure ; Hypotension, Orthostatic ; Osmolar Concentration ; Polyuria* ; Spinal Cord Injuries* ; Spinal Cord* ; Walking ; Wheelchairs

A 47-year-old patient with diabetes mellitus was admitted with the complaints of sore throat and dysphagia. We performed an esophagogastroduodenoscopy and found esophageal ulcers. Histological examination of the esophageal biopsy revealed sulphur granules, and immunological findings ruled out viral infection. Thus, we diagnosed an isolated actinomycotic infection of the esophagus and treated the infection with oral amoxicillin. This case illustrates that actinomycotic infection of the esophagus can occur in immunocompetent patients. Therefore, when evaluating dysphagia, the probability of actinomycotic infection must be considered not only in immunocompromised patients, but in immunocompetent individualswith diabetes mellitus.
Actinomycosis ; Amoxicillin ; Biopsy ; Deglutition Disorders ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Endoscopy, Digestive System ; Esophagitis ; Esophagus ; Humans ; Immunocompromised Host ; Middle Aged ; Pharyngitis ; Ulcer

Myocardial rupture is a rare but lethal complication of myocardial infarction. Immediate conservative management is critical, but surgery should be considered if the patient's hemodynamic state and degree of hemopericardium do not improve after pericardiocentesis. In this case, a 54-year old patient without underlying disease came to the emergency after experiencing chest pain for two weeks with suddenly aggravated severe dyspnea. The patient was found to have a hemopericardium with cardiac tamponade, so pericardiocentesis was immediately executed. Transthoracic echocardiogram revealed akinesia of the left ventricular muscle and focal wall thinning. The patient was diagnosed with complete occlusion of a single diagonal branch and ventricular free wall rupture using a coronary computed tomography scan. After conservative treatment, vital signs and cardiac function stabilized, and there was no definitive sequela. This case is clinically significant because myocardial rupture, a lethal complication of myocardial infarction, was successfully managed with non-surgical, conservative treatment.
Cardiac Tamponade ; Chest Pain ; Coronary Occlusion ; Dyspnea ; Emergencies ; Heart Rupture ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Myocardial Infarction ; Pericardial Effusion ; Pericardiocentesis ; Rupture* ; Vital Signs

BACKGROUND:One of effective treatment methods for back pain and radiculopathy is epidural steroid injection (ESI). However, its effectiveness is hard to judge.So, it is strongly urged to develop a method to evaluate the proper injection of ESI. Photoplethysmogram (PPG) is known as a technique to measure blood oxygen saturation. We were intended to study the PPG for the evaluation of the ESI instantaneously. METHODS:All patients were explained for the study protocol to get informed consent.Twenty volunteers were recruited for this study and four of them were allocated in one of 5 ESI levels; L2-3, L3-4, L4-5, L5-S1 and caudal.They were in the lateral position with 4 PPG probes in their both 2nd fingers and 2nd toes.The PPG signals were collected to a device and converted digitally.PPG signal has two components, total absorbance (TA) and oscillating pulse component (OPC).We compared the both toe PPG signals before and after ESI based on the finger PPG. RESULTS:TA changed in 60% of ESI volunteers and L4-L5 and L5-S1 groups had high change rate compared to L2-L3 group.Also, the symptom relief rate of TA and OPC change volunteers of L4-L5 and L5-S1 were 100% but other level had variable relief rate. CONCLUSIONS:It is possible to use the PPG signal to predict ESI success based appropriate signal change.It is also needed to develop other level signal detection method and to modify appropriate guideline for the decision of change of PPG.
Back Pain ; Fingers ; Humans ; Oxygen ; Radiculopathy ; Toes

No abstract available.
Endoscopy, Digestive System*

Human palatine tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cells (TMSCs) are known to be a new source of progenitor cells. Using waste tissue after tonsillectomy as a cell provider can be the biggest benefit of TMSCs, compared with other stem cells. The purpose of this study was to investigate tenogenic differentiation of TMSCs and to access the differential effects of transforming growth factor beta 3 (TGF-β3) on the tenogenesis of TMSCs. Human tonsil was obtained after tonsillectomy. Using a cytometric analysis, we were able to find that the TMSCs had typical mesenchymal stem cell markers: positive for CD73, CD90, and CD105, and negative for CD14, CD34, and CD45. Using TGF-β3, the expressions of tenocyte-specific genes and proteins, such as collagen type 1 (COL1), tenomodulin (TNMD), and scleraxis (SCX), were measured by a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), immunofluorescence staining, immunohistochemistry and Western blot analyses. Quantitative PCR assay showed that TGF-β3 significantly increased the expressions of tenocyte lineage marker genes, including COL1, TNMD, and SCX, at a 3-day treatment, compared with control. However, these increases were not found at long-term exposures (7 or 10 days), except that TNMD expression was maintained at 50 ng/mL at a 7-day exposure to TGF-β3. Like genes, the protein expression levels of COL1, TNMD, and SCX were also induced in TGF-β3-treated TMSCs in a 3-day treatment, which were maintained for 10 days, as evidenced by immunofluorescence staining, immunohistochemistry and Western blot analyses. This study demonstrated that TMSCs in tenogenic stimulation with TGF-β3 have a high tenogenic differentiation potential.
Blotting, Western ; Collagen ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells* ; Palatine Tonsil ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Stem Cells ; Tonsillectomy ; Transforming Growth Factor beta

BACKGROUND/AIMS: This study aimed to evaluate the clinicopathological parameters of gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) and to investigate the effect of tumor site on clinical outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients treated for a surgically confirmed gastric GIST were retrospectively evaluated between January 2001 and June 2016. The risk level was determined on the basis of the tumor size and number of mitoses. The risk level, recurrence rate, and survival rates were evaluated on the basis of the site of the gastric GISTs. RESULTS: The 97 patients identified included 42 men and 55 women. The median follow-up period was 36 months (range: 12~72 years). Of the 97 patients, 57 (58.7%) and 40 (41.3%) patients had proximally and distally located gastric GISTs, respectively. The high- and low-risk groups had higher proportions of proximally and distally located tumors, respectively (P=0.033). The recurrence rates of proximal and distal GISTs were 8.8%, and 2.5%, respectively (P=0.307). The overall survival rate was not associated with the site of the gastric GISTs (P=0.549). CONCLUSIONS: No relevant associations were found among recurrence, overall survival, and gastric GIST location.
Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors ; Humans ; Male ; Mitosis ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Survival Rate

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate dietary intakes and nutritional status among Uganda primary school children from two selected schools in urban and rural areas. Methods: Data were collected from 350 pupils (6-14 years) in Mpigi district, Uganda. All participants were offered a school lunch meal (usually maize porridge and boiled beans). Dietary survey was conducted in October 2016. Data for dietary intake levels were collected by the 24-hour recall method with trained school staffs. The data were converted into nutrient intakes using the CAN-Pro 5.0 Program and compared with KDRIs to evaluate the nutritional status of the subjects. Diet quality indexes such as nutrient density, nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR), mean adequacy ratio (MAR), and index of nutritional quality (INQ) and a diet diversity index such as diet diversity score (DDS) were calculated to evaluate nutritional status among subjects. Data were analyzed using SPSS statistical programs. Results: Results show that the intakes of most nutrients were significantly different by schools. The nutritional status of micro-nutrients was very low in both schools according to analysis of nutritional indexes such as NARs and INQs. Students from both schools should improve intakes of micro-nutrients related to child growth such as calcium, Vitamin B6, zinc and folate. According to the analysis of dietary diversity, there was difference in dietary patterns by schools presumably due to their locations. Conclusions This suggests that current meals could not provide adequate nutrients for the subjects and urgent nutrition interventions for school food services are needed to improve their nutritional well-being. New foods supplements based on local cuisine are also needed to ensure dietary diversity and sustainable development plans.

Background: The pathogenesis and development of autoimmune diseases are associated with alteration of hormone levels. The effects of menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) on Behcet’s disease (BD) are unclear. Objective: We hypothesized that MHT would increase the risk of BD in postmenopausal women due to the central role of immunomodulation of estrogen and other sex hormones in autoimmune diseases. Methods: We analyzed data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database and investigated the relationship between MHT and the risk of BD in postmenopausal women with BD. The study included 220,663 patients who received MHT and 1,170,566 who did not. The hazard ratio (HR) of BD was measured in all subjects.Statistical analyses were utilized with adjustments for possible confounding factors such as age, body mass index, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, income, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, age at menarche (group), age at menopause (group), parity, breastfeeding, and oral contraceptive use. Results: After adjusting for confounding factors, the participants with a history of MHT had a higher risk of BD (MHT＜2 years, HR=1.459, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]=1.29∼1.649; MHT＞2 and ＜5 years, HR=1.512, 95% CI=1.265∼1.808; MHT≥5 years, HR=2.045, 95% CI=1.708∼2.447). Conclusion The findings demonstrate that MHT is associated with an increased risk of BD in postmenopausal women, indicating that estrogen plays an important role in the disease activity of BD. However, additional studies are needed to confirm these findings.