No Abstract available.
Cross Infection* ; Korea*

OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to examine the relationships between muscle mass and hand strength in elderly people. METHODS: The study subjects were 659 volunteers aged older than 65 in Jejudo, south Korea. The anthropometric information such as weight, body mass index (BMI) and muscular mass was collected by the body composition analyzer. The hand strength was obtained by the digital grip dynamometer. The fasting blood sugar index called as potential diabetes mellitus (DM) was defined as the condition over 120 mg/dL of the blood sugar. The BMI was classified into under 23, 23-25 and over 25 to analyze the relationships of BMI and muscle mass, hand strength. RESULTS: The factors affecting muscle mass were sex (p<0.001), age (p<0.001) and BMI (p<0.001). The factors affecting hand strength were sex (p<0.001), age (p<0.001) and BMI (p=0.003). And there was a weak association between muscle mass and hand strength after controlling with the affected factors (r2=0.15, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The hand strength is weekly correlated with the muscle mass. So we recommend to use digital grip dynamometer combining with other measurements for diagnosis the sarcopenia in epidemiologic study.
Aged* ; Blood Glucose ; Body Composition ; Body Weight ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diagnosis ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Fasting ; Hand Strength* ; Humans ; Jeju-do* ; Korea ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Sarcopenia ; Statistics as Topic ; Volunteers

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to calculate the survival rates of cancer patients in Jeju Island residents from 2000 to 2001, based on their major primary sites of occurrence. METHODS: Data were extracted from the database of the Jejudo Cancer Registry (JCR). The eligible population comprised 2,382 cancer cases, whose cancers were diagnosed from 1 January 2000 through 31 December 2001. Of the eligible population, 1,438 patients with 5 major cancers defined by the level of incidence rates were selected as the study participants. The period of survival for each case was calculated from the date of first diagnosis to the date of death, or the end of follow-up, i.e., 31 December 2003. The observed survival rates (OSR) and relative survival rates (RSR) were calculated according to sex, age-group, and primary sites of occurrence. RESULTS: The 3-year OSR and RSR in 5 major cancers were higher in women than in men except 75 year-old over group. The 3-year RSR of stomach, colorectum, liver, and lung in both sexes were 61.0%, 62.6%, 24.7%, and 22.8%, respectively. The respective rates in JCR showed some statistically significant differences from those in the Korea Central Cancer Registry (KCCR). CONCLUSIONS: These results would suggest some clues about prognostic factors of major cancers in Korean, and could apply to planning and evaluating of cancer control strategies in Jeju Island.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Korea/epidemiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasms/classification/*mortality ; Sex Factors ; Survival Analysis

This study was conducted to evaluate the association of single serum total cholesterol (TC) measurement with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) deaths in Korean adults. The study subjects were taken from the multi-site collaborative dynamic prospective cohort for epidemiologic investigation on cancer risk in residents nearby nuclear power plants in Korea. A total of 12,740 adults aged 40 to 69 yr who underwent a mass screening examination were followed up from 1993 to 2008. Occurring CVD deaths were confirmed by the death certificates in the National Statistical Office, Korea. Groups with the lowest group having TC < 160 mg/dL as well as the highest group having >= 240 mg/dL were associated with higher CVD mortality in Cox proportional hazards analysis adjusting for age, sex, smoking and drinking status, body mass index, level of blood pressure, triglyceride and high density lipoprotein cholesterol. The distribution of adjusted hazard ratios showed the U-shaped curve. Based on the results of this study, caution should be taken in prescribing statins for primary prevention among people at low cardiovascular risk in Korean adults.
Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Alcohol Drinking ; Blood Pressure ; Body Mass Index ; Cardiovascular Diseases/*blood/epidemiology/*mortality ; Cholesterol/*blood ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Prospective Studies ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; Sex Factors ; Smoking ; Triglycerides/blood

Due to the limitations of conventional removable partial denture prostheses to treat a cleft lip & palate patient who shows scar tissue on upper lip, excessive absorption of the maxillary residual alveolar ridge, and class III malocclusion with narrow palate and undergrowth of the maxilla, 4 implants were placed on the maxillary edentulous region and a maxillary removable implant-supported partial denture was planned using a CAD/CAM milled titanium bar. Unlike metal or gold casting technique which has shrinkage after the molding, CAD/CAM milled titanium bar is highly-precise, economical and lightweight. In practice, however, it is very hard to obtain accurate friction-fit from the milled bar and reduction in retention can occur due to repetitive insertion and removal of the denture. Various auxiliary retention systems (e.g. ERA(R), CEKA(R), magnetics, Locator(R) attachment), in order to deal with these problems, can be used to obtain additional retention, cost-effectiveness and ease of replacement. Out of diverse auxiliary attachments, Locator(R) has characteristics that are dual retentive, minimal in vertical height and convenient of attachment replacement. Drill and tapping method is simple and the replacement of the metal female part of Locator(R) attachment is convenient. In this case, the Locator(R) attachment is connected to the milled titanium bar fabricated by CAD/CAM, using the drill and tapping technique. Afterward, screw holes were formed and 3 Locator(R) attachments were secured with 20 Ncm holding force for additional retention. Following this procedure, satisfactory results were obtained in terms of aesthetic facial form, masticatory function and denture retention, and I hereby report this case.
Absorption ; Alveolar Process ; Cicatrix ; Cleft Lip* ; Denture Retention ; Denture, Partial* ; Denture, Partial, Removable ; Dentures ; Female ; Fungi ; Humans ; Lip ; Malocclusion ; Maxilla ; Palate* ; Prostheses and Implants ; Titanium

Background: The purpose of this study was to prepare data for the prevention and management of iron deficiency by analyzing the effects of taking iron supplements provided by blood centers for repeat blood donors. Methods: The high-risk groups with a potential iron deficiency were defined as three or more whole blood donations within the previous year and were provided with iron supplements for three months. Their hemoglobin and ferritin levels were checked up once a month for six months. The effectiveness of the iron supplements was evaluated by analyzing the changes in the initial and monthly hemoglobin and ferritin results. Results: At the time of recruitments, an average 50.4% (40.8% of men and 65.3% of women, respectively) of participants had ferritin levels of less than 15 ng/mL, the World Health Organization iron deficiency standard, but after three months iron supplementation, the results decreased to 10.9% (9.0% of men and 13.8% of women). The ferritin levels increased significantly after taking iron supplements for three months and showed significant increases in both men and women, particularly after two months (P＜0.05). Conclusion The dietary iron supplements containing low-dose iron were effective in preventing iron deficiency in repeat blood donors by increasing the ferritin levels.

Background: The purpose of this study was to prepare data for the prevention and management of iron deficiency by analyzing the effects of taking iron supplements provided by blood centers for repeat blood donors. Methods: The high-risk groups with a potential iron deficiency were defined as three or more whole blood donations within the previous year and were provided with iron supplements for three months. Their hemoglobin and ferritin levels were checked up once a month for six months. The effectiveness of the iron supplements was evaluated by analyzing the changes in the initial and monthly hemoglobin and ferritin results. Results: At the time of recruitments, an average 50.4% (40.8% of men and 65.3% of women, respectively) of participants had ferritin levels of less than 15 ng/mL, the World Health Organization iron deficiency standard, but after three months iron supplementation, the results decreased to 10.9% (9.0% of men and 13.8% of women). The ferritin levels increased significantly after taking iron supplements for three months and showed significant increases in both men and women, particularly after two months (P＜0.05). Conclusion The dietary iron supplements containing low-dose iron were effective in preventing iron deficiency in repeat blood donors by increasing the ferritin levels.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Some patients with Kawasaki disease (KD) present with fever and cervical lymphadenopathy alone. The purpose of this study was to characterize the clinical features of these unusual KD patients and determine whether this is a severe form of KD associated with increased risks of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) resistance and coronary artery lesions (CALs). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A total of 146 children with KD were reviewed retrospectively, and classified into two groups according to initial clinical features. Those presenting with only fever and cervical lymphadenopathy (LKD) were classified as LKD patients. Other-KD patients included all except the LKD patients. RESULTS: Among 146 KD patients, 13 (8.9%) were classified as LKD patients. The LKD patients were significantly older and admitted earlier. The duration between fever onset and KD diagnosis was significantly longer in the LKD patients (5.9 days vs. 4.9 days, p=0.023). The frequency of IVIG resistance was not different between the two groups., In the LKD patients, the incidence of CALs was significantly higher in the acute phase, and without significant difference in the convalescent phase. The percentage of neutrophils and C-reactive protein, albumin, and total bilirubin levels were significantly higher in LKD patients. CONCLUSION: Even though LKD patients were older, admitted earlier, and had higher inflammatory marker levels, they did not have a greater risk of CALs or IVIG resistance. However, echocardiography may be helpful in the acute stage if patients have only fever and cervical lymphadenopathy and are unresponsive to empirical antibiotics.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bilirubin ; C-Reactive Protein ; Child ; Coronary Vessels ; Diagnosis ; Echocardiography ; Fever* ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins ; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous ; Incidence ; Lymphatic Diseases* ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome* ; Neck ; Neutrophils ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to develop Web-based multimedia contents for supporting student nurses' clinical practice on critical care, and to evaluate learners' responses. METHODS: Based on the steps of Assessment, Design, Development, Implementation, & Evaluation(ADDIE) model, a total of 13 self-directed learning modules including live lectures and real video clips were developed through faculty collaboration of nine nursing colleges in Gwangju and Chonnam province. The finally developed multimedia contents were published on the Web of the learning management system at a local e-learning center. RESULTS: The Web contents were evaluated after self-learning by 81 junior college nursing students who were encouraged to study it at their own pace during their two-week clinical practice at a medical or surgical intensive care unit of a university hospital and two hospitals. The knowledge (t = -27.66, p < .001) and self-evaluated clinical performance level(t = 7.54, p < .001) were significantly increased after learning of the Web contents and clinical practice, and satisfaction level that measured post-test only was 4.0 out of 5 point. CONCLUSION: The use of Web contents for critical care need to be extended as a complimentary material in a class room lecture or clinical practice of students to increase their self-learning ability and understandings of clinical knowledge and situation.
Computer-Assisted Instruction ; Cooperative Behavior ; Critical Care ; Humans ; Critical Care ; Learning ; Lectures ; Multimedia ; Students, Nursing

Tracheal bronchus is an uncommon anomaly in which an ectopic bronchus originates directly from the supracarinal trachea. It is usually an asymptomatic anatomical variant incidentally found on computed tomography or bronchoscopy. However, it can present with symptoms, such as chronic cough, wheezing, atelectasis, and recurrent pneumonia. We report a case of tracheal bronchus diagnosed in the neonatal period, in which the term baby presented with respiratory distress and persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn after birth, but no other congenital anomaly was found on further evaluation.
Bronchi* ; Bronchoscopy ; Cough ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension, Pulmonary* ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn* ; Parturition ; Persistent Fetal Circulation Syndrome ; Pneumonia ; Pulmonary Atelectasis ; Respiratory Sounds ; Trachea