No abstract available.
Hemorrhoids*

Well differentiated thymic carcinoma(WDTC) was recently separated from cortical thymoma. It is characterized by a predominance of epithelial cells with usually low mitotic rate, an epidermoid differentiation with slight to moderate cytologic atypia and lobular growth pattern. In recent reports, an uncommon spindle cell variant of WDTC, which is composed of spindle shaped epithelial cells, has been described. We investigated an unusual case of WDTC consisted of purely spindle shaped epithelial cells in a 66-year-old female. Radiologically, the well demarcated mass was located in the anterior mediastinum with focal invasion into the surrounding left upper lung. The tumor, 10 x 8 x 5 cm, was encapsulated with thin fibrous tissue and showed a pale yellow solid and lobulated cut surface. Microscopically, it consisted of solid sheets of purely spindle shaped epithelial cells with mild atypism, a low mitotic rate and focal epidennoid differentiation.
Female ; Humans

OBJECTIVES: Changes in lung function are frequently used as biological markers to assess the health effects of criteria air pollutants. We tried to formulate the prediction models of pulmonary functions based on height, weight, age and gender, especially for children aged 12 years who are commonly selected for the study of health effects of the air pollution. METHODS: The target pulmonary function parameters were forced vital capacity(FVC) and forced expiratory volume in one second(FEV1). Two hundreds and fifity-eight male and 301 female 12-year old children were included in the analysis after excluding unsatisfactory tests to the criteria recommended by American Thoracic Sosiety and excluding more or less than 20% predicted value by previous prediction equations. The weight prediction equation using height as a independent variable was calculated, and then the difference of observed weight and predicted weight (i.e. residual) was used as the independent variable of pulmonary function prediction equations with height. RESULTS: The prediction equations of FVC and FEV1 for male are FVC(ml) = 50.84 x height(cm) + 7.06 x weight residual - 4838.86, FEV1(ml) = 43.57 x height(cm) + 3.16 x weight residual - 4156.66, respectively. The prediction equations of FVC and FEV1 for female are FVC(ml) = 42.57 x height(cm) + 12.50 x weight residual - 3862.39, FEV1(ml) = 36.29 x height(cm) + 7.74 x weight residual - 3200.94, respectively.
Air Pollutants ; Air Pollution ; Biomarkers ; Child* ; Female ; Forced Expiratory Volume ; Humans ; Lung ; Male

PURPOSE: This study was performed to investigate the radiological characteristics of the degenerative arthritis of the ankle using the standing radiographs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From June 2001 to May 2005, 36 patients (56 ankles) who were treated for osteoarthritis of ankle were analysed. Angle of tibial shaft and tibial joint surface on AP view (TSA), angle of tibial joint surface on lateral view (TLS), tibial and medial malleolus angle (TMM) and talo-1st metatarsal angle were checked on standing radiograph. The patients with medial joint and total joint involvement were categorized into three stages according to the location of involvement. The degree of joint space narrowing was categorized into two groups. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in TSA, TLS, TMM and talo-1st metatarsal angle with regard to the stage of arthritis. However, the difference between the less severe group and the severe group existed. CONCLUSION: Angular deformity was not correlated with stage, but correlated with severity. The deformity of distal tibial articular surface does not seem to be a cause of primary osteoartiritis, but rather a result from it.
Ankle* ; Arthritis ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Humans ; Joints ; Metatarsal Bones ; Osteoarthritis*

PURPOSE: This study was performed to investigate the radiological characteristics of the degenerative arthritis of the ankle using the standing radiographs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From June 2001 to May 2005, 36 patients (56 ankles) who were treated for osteoarthritis of ankle were analysed. Angle of tibial shaft and tibial joint surface on AP view (TSA), angle of tibial joint surface on lateral view (TLS), tibial and medial malleolus angle (TMM) and talo-1st metatarsal angle were checked on standing radiograph. The patients with medial joint and total joint involvement were categorized into three stages according to the location of involvement. The degree of joint space narrowing was categorized into two groups. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in TSA, TLS, TMM and talo-1st metatarsal angle with regard to the stage of arthritis. However, the difference between the less severe group and the severe group existed. CONCLUSION: Angular deformity was not correlated with stage, but correlated with severity. The deformity of distal tibial articular surface does not seem to be a cause of primary osteoartiritis, but rather a result from it.
Ankle* ; Arthritis ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Humans ; Joints ; Metatarsal Bones ; Osteoarthritis*

A 64-year-old male patient presented with hand numbness and gait disturbance. He had undergone cervical artificial disc replacement (C-ADR) at another hospital nine years earlier. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a protruded disc at the surgical level compressing the spinal cord. The implant and protruded disc were removed. Fusion was then performed. This case report highlights the importance of long-term follow-up of patients who have undergone C-ADR, and the need to be aware of the potential for late complications.In addition, it is important to ensure as complete a disk removal as possible during C-ADR.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the usefulness of internal fixation with plate in treating infected nonunion of long bone. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From March 1993 to February 2004, ten patients who underwent internal fixation with plate and cancellous bone graft on account of infected nonunion of long bone were retrospectively examined. The medical treatment were composed of thorough and adequate debridement of necrotic tissue, irrigation and plate fixation. Two patients were operated on with bridging plate method. Autologous cancellous bone graft was performed in 6 patients. In 2 cases, it was performed 4 weeks after internal fixation. RESULTS: In 9 patients, radiographic union appeared on the average of 6.8months and infections were cured before union occurred. CONCLUSION: Internal fixation with plate is a useful method for the solid fixation in the treatment of infected nonunion. The general concern was that the inserted hardware worsened the infection, which was overcomed with the operative techniques as bridging plate, debridement and cancellous bone graft.
Debridement ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Transplants

This study was aimed to evaluate the ability of imaging parameters measured on dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI), diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) and positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) to serve as response markers in breast cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). In 20 patients with breast cancer, DCE-MRI and DWI using a 3 T scanner and PET/CT were performed before and after NAC. DCE-MRI was analyzed using an automatic computer-aided detection program (MR-CAD). The response imaging parameters were compared with the pathologic response. The areas under the curve (AUCs) for DCE-MRI using MR-CAD analysis, DWI and PET/CT were 0.77, 0.59 and 0.76, respectively. The combination of all parameters measured by MR-CAD showed the highest diagnostic performance and accuracy (AUC = 0.77, accuracy = 90%). The combined use of the parameters of PET/CT with DCE-MRI or DWI showed a trend toward improved specificity and negative predictive value (100%, 100%, accuracy = 87.5%). The use of DCE-MRI using MR-CAD parameters indicated better diagnostic performance in predicting the final pathological response compared with DWI and PET/CT, although no statistically significant difference was observed. The combined use of PET/CT with DCE-MRI or DWI may improve the specificity for predicting a pathological response.
Adult ; Aged ; Antineoplastic Agents/*therapeutic use ; Breast Neoplasms/*diagnosis/*drug therapy ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant/methods ; Female ; Humans ; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted/methods ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/*methods ; Mammography/methods ; Middle Aged ; Multimodal Imaging/methods ; Neoadjuvant Therapy/methods ; Positron-Emission Tomography/*methods ; Reproducibility of Results ; Retrospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed/*methods ; Treatment Outcome

PURPOSE: This study aimed to assess the usefulness of second-look ultrasounds performed on suspicious lesions found from breast MRIs which were taken as preoperative evaluations of breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From May 2008 to July 2011, second-look ultrasounds were performed for 98 lesions in 80 patients that were initially detected on preoperative breast MRIs for known breast cancer. In this study, identification was made on the findings from second-look ultrasounds on the target lesions. The histopathological results were used to assess the effects of second-look ultrasounds on the treatment plans for patients, in the context of operation records. RESULTS: Among the total 98 lesions, sonographic correlation was made in 85 lesions (87%). In total, 82 lesions were identified with histopathological results. Among them were 18 malignancies (22%) and 64 benign lesions (78%). Sonographically-correlated lesions showed a higher prevalence for malignancy (20% [17/85]) than non-correlated lesions (8% [1/13]). From 44% (43/98) of the total target lesions, the unnecessary expansion of the extent of surgical resection was suppressible through second-look ultrasounds. CONCLUSIONS: Second-look ultrasounds subsequent to breast MRIs in patients with breast cancer are useful for preoperative evaluation and enables them to make the histopathological confirmation of suspicious lesions conveniently found from breast MRIs.
Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Prevalence

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) in young active Asian patients by analyzing clinical outcomes, complications and survival rates. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty-two knees were evaluated with a minimum follow-up of 5 years after Oxford phase 3 UKA in patients less than 60 years of age at the time of surgery. Their mean age was 54.7 years (range, 44 to 59 years). The mean follow-up period was 8.9 years (range, 5.3 to 12 years). Kaplan–Meier survivorship analysis was used to estimate implant survival. RESULTS: Including 3 bearing dislocations, 1 medial tibial collapse and 1 lateral osteoarthritis, the total complication rate was 6.1% (5/82). Of the 3 cases of bearing dislocation, 2 cases were resolved by replacing with a thicker bearing and 1 case was converted to total knee arthroplasty (TKA) due to repeated dislocation. The two knees with a medial tibial collapse and a lateral osteoarthritis were converted to TKA. The 10-year cumulative survival rate using Kaplan-Meier survival method was 94.7% (95% confidence interval: 88.7%–100%). CONCLUSIONS: Oxford medial UKA was reliable and effective in young active Asian patients providing good clinical results and survival rate in the mid-term follow-up.
Arthroplasty ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Dislocations ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Knee ; Methods ; Osteoarthritis ; Survival Rate