OBJECTIVES: This research was performed to identify family violence by male adolescencts, and to examine the characteristics of male adolescent delinquents in terms of domestic viloence. METHODS: We surveyed 677 male adolescents including 238 delinquents from BBS(Big brothers and sisters) in Pusan, 209 criminal adolescents from adolescent correctional institution in Pusan, 230 high school students through questionnaire, MMPI(Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory), and PBI(Parental Bonding Instrument), and then compared these three groups by Chi-square test, T-test, and Anova. RESULTS: In most cases, male delinquent adolescents were placed in poorer socio-economic conditions than those of students, but in better socio-economic conditions than those of criminal adolescents. In general, the assaulters were senior family members, physically stronger than sufferers, and have bad brotherliness. Compared with normal students, the serious problem of violence including violence to the ancestors in delinquent and criminal adolescents. On results of MMPI and PBI test, there were significant difference between violent group and non-violent group on the Sc score and Passive aggressive index in adolescent delinquents and parental overprotection in normal students. CONCLUSION: Generally the characteristics of family violence by male delinquent adolescents were intermediate between those of criminal adolescent and students, these results were same as those of previous socio-psychiatric study, and so the intervention in criminal adolescents is needed for the pre-vention of family violence.
Adolescent* ; Busan ; Criminals ; Domestic Violence* ; Humans ; Male ; MMPI ; Parents ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Siblings ; Violence

Phospholipase C (PLC) plays a role in ligand-mediated signal transduction for cellular activity such as proliferation and differentiation. A recent observation that PLC- gamma1 is highly expressed in some kinds of human cancer tissue supports the view that PLC-gamma1 may be involved in proliferation and carcinogenesis. PLC-gamma2 is known to be involved in B cell differentiation and maturation. However, there have been few studies about the expressions of PLC-gamma1 and gamma2 in human lymphoid malignancy. In the present study, we examined the contents of PLC-gamma1 and gamma2 in 10 cases of B cell, 10 cases of T cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and 5 cases of Hodgkin's lymphoma to find out whether these enzymes play any role in the carcinogenesis by immunohistochemistry and immunoprecipitation. Immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that in contrast to increased expression of PLC-gamma2 only in B cell lymphoma, a considerably higher level of PLC-gamma1 was detected in both B and T cell lymphoma. Immunohistochemical finding confirmed this observation. PLC-gamma1 and PLC-gamma2 were expressed in the cytoplasm of most tumor cells. PLC-gamma2 was also expressed in mature B cells, while PLC-gamma1 was not expressed in reactive non-tumor cells. These results suggest that PLC-gamma1 mediated signal transduction implicates a significant role in the carcinogenesis of all types of lymphoid tissue, and PLC-gamma2 may play a role in the carcinogenesis of B cell lymphoma as well as B cell differentiation.
B-Lymphocytes ; Carcinogenesis ; Cell Differentiation ; Cytoplasm ; Hodgkin Disease* ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Immunoprecipitation ; Lymphoid Tissue ; Lymphoma, B-Cell ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin ; Lymphoma, T-Cell ; Phospholipases* ; Signal Transduction ; Type C Phospholipases

Intussusception of the appendix is an uncommon condition and the diagnosis is rarely made preoperatively. Intussusception of the appendix may mimic a neoplastic lesion. Colonoscopy is a valuable tool for diagnosis of the appendiceal intussusception. A 17-yr-old female admitted with repeated abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and febrile sensation. We diagnosed as appendiceal intussusception by colonoscopy, which showed a polypoid tumor (about 1.5 cm) in the cecum. This sessile polypoid mass looks like foreskin or glans. We present colonoscopic finding of appendiceal intussusception and review the literature.
Adolescent ; *Appendix ; Cecal Diseases/*diagnosis ; *Colonoscopy ; Female ; Humans ; Intussusception/*diagnosis

To evaluate potassium(K) homeostasis during in-terdialytic and dialytic phases in chronic hemodialysis patients, we analyzed pre- and post- dialysis plasma K concentration(n=28) over n week with an interdialytic interval of 7Zhrs, 48hrs(l), and 48hrs(II), respectively, and the quantity of total dialytic K removal via dialysate. The predialysis plasma K at 72h interval(prePK72h: 4.89+/-0.17mEq/L) was significantly higher than those at 48h interval(prePK48h-I: 4.57+/-0.15mEq/L, and prePK48h-II: 4.40+/-15mEq/L) (p=0.000, p=0.000). 10.7% in prePK72h were categorized into severe hyperkalemia more than 6.0mEq/L, but none in prePK48h-I, II(p=0.000, p=0.000). In contrast no difference between 72-h and 42-h intervals was found in the postdialysis plasma K(postPK72h: 3.59+/-0.07 vs postPK48h-I : 3.530+/-08mEq/L, p>0.05) and in the quantity of total dialytic K removal via dialysate(delta Ktota172h : 74+/-2.6 vs delta Ktota148h-I:71+/-2.2mEq, p>0.05). On approach to this with two-compartment model, there was significant difference in dialytic K removal from ECF(delta Kecf72h:22.2+/-1.6 vs delta Kecf48h-I:17.7+/-1.6mEq, p<0.01), but not in that from ICF(delta Kicf72h:51.6+/-3.1 vs delta Kicf48h-I: 53.5+/-2.7mEq, p>0.05). In all 28 patients, age, sex and body weight were not correlated with either pre- and post- plasma K levels or total K removal per kg body weight. In conclusion, the majority of dialytic K removal is from the replenishment of the ICF potassium and it has rather constant feature in that there was no autoregulatory increment even with the higher predialysis plasma K concentration. So the plasma K concentration on chronic maintenace hemodialysis is more dependent on the potassium gain during interdialytic phase than the potassium removal during dialytic phase. Also it is reasonable to restrict dietary K intake and apply K-exalate orientating to the interdialytic phase of 72hrs because severe hyperkalemia is rare in that of 48hrs.
Body Weight ; Dialysis ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Hyperkalemia ; Plasma* ; Potassium* ; Renal Dialysis*

PURPOSE: Primary aldosteronism (PA) is characterized by hypertension (HTN), hypokalemia, suppressed plasma renin activity, and inappropriate aldosterone secretion. The purpose of this study was to analyze postoperative results on blood pressure (BP), and to determine the factors associated with resolution of HTN after adrenalectomy for PA. METHODS: One hundred eight patients (66 females and 42 males) with a mean age of 46 years underwent adrenalectomy for PA between January 1, 1996 and September 30, 2009. Their clinical characteristics and biochemical parameters were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: All patients had HTN preoperatively and 20 patients (18.1%) had uncontrolled HTN. Hypokalemia was evident in 89.1% of patients, cardiovascular events in 4.5% and cerebrovascular events in 8.2%. There was a significant decrease in both systolic BP and diastolic BP postoperatively, as compared with that before operation. Median systolic BP decreased from 150 mmHg to 125 mmHg at the last follow-up (P<0.01), and median diastolic BP decreased from 93.5 mmHg to 81.5 mmHg (P<0.01). Sixty two (57.4%) patients were cured of HTN and did not require any hypertensive agent, and 38 (35.1%) patients had an improvement in BP control, whereas 9 (8.3%) patients had no change in BP. Univariate analysis showed that duration of HTN and more than two HTN treatment agents were independent factors predicting sustained hypertension after surgery. CONCLUSION: The duration of HTN and the severity of HTN are factors influencing persistence of HTN after operation for a PA.
Adrenalectomy* ; Adrenocortical Adenoma ; Aldosterone ; Blood Pressure ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hyperaldosteronism* ; Hypertension ; Hypokalemia ; Plasma ; Renin ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and feasibility of D2 lymphadenectomy in elderly patients with gastric cancerby comparing the surgical outcomes and postoperative courses between an elderly group and a control group undergoing the same procedure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Clinical information was reviewed for 1251 patients with gastric cancer who underwent gastrectomy between May 2004 and May 2007. Patients were classified into the following two groups: an elderly group (older than the average life span in Korea) and a control group (younger than the elderly group). Clinicopathologic features and postoperative courses after D2 lymphadenectomy were reviewed and compared between the two groups. RESULTS: There were a total of 120 (9%) elderly group patients among all those reviewed, and 86 (72.2%) of them underwent D2 lymphadenectomy. There was 27.5% postoperative morbidity in the elderly group, which was significantly different from thecontrol group (12.8%, p=0.003). However, on multivariate analysis, ASA score and combined resection were independent predictive factors of postoperative complications, while age was not predictive. CONCLUSION: Older age is not a predictive factor of postoperative complications in itself, and D2 lymphadenectomy can be safely performed in elderly patients with gastric cancer, provided they have good ASA scores and do not undergo accompanying combined resection.
Aged ; Gastrectomy ; Humans ; Lymph Node Excision ; Multivariate Analysis ; Postoperative Complications ; Stomach Neoplasms

Dendritic cells (DCs) play a key role in activating the immune response against invading pathogens as well as dying cells or tumors. Although the immune response can be initiated by the phagocytic activity by DCs, the molecular mechanism involved in this process has not been fully investigated. Trp-Lys-Tyr-Met-Val-Met-NH2 (WKYMVM) stimulates the activation of phospholipase D (PLD) via Ca2+ increase and protein kinase C activation in mouse DC cell line, DC2.4. WKYMVM stimulates the phagocytic activity, which is inhibited in the presence of N-butanol but not t-butanol in DC2.4 cells. Furthermore, the addition of phosphatidic acid, an enzymatic product of PLD activity, enhanced the phagocytic activity in DC2.4 cells. Since at least two of formyl peptide receptor (FPR) family (FPR1 and FPR2) are expressed in DC2.4 as well as in mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells, this study suggests that the activation of FPR family by WKYMVM stimulates the PLD activity resulting in phagocytic activity in DC2.4 cells.
1-Butanol/pharmacology ; Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells/cytology/metabolism ; Calcium Signaling/*drug effects ; Cell Death/immunology ; Cell Line ; Communicable Diseases/immunology ; Dendritic Cells/immunology/*metabolism ; Mice ; Neoplasms/immunology ; Oligopeptides/*pharmacology ; Phagocytosis/*drug effects ; Phosphatidic Acids/pharmacology ; Phospholipase D/*metabolism ; Receptors, Formyl Peptide/*metabolism ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; tert-Butyl Alcohol/pharmacology

OBJECTIVE: The association between the connective tissue diseases and lung diseases is well established. DLCO and 99mTc-DTPA aerosol scintigraphy are used for evaluation of the alvelolar-capillary permeability. This study evaluated the changes in permeability of alveolar-capillary membrane and the utility of the 99mTc-DTPA aerosol clearance to detect lung involvement in patients with connective tissue diseases. METHODS: The patient group consisted of the patients with any proven connective tissue diseases (27 rheumatoid arthritis, 17 systemic lupus erythematosus, 7 other connective tissue diseases) and the control group consisted of healthy 12 persons. The patients and controls were non-smokers and had no concomitant diseases that could affect the result (diabetes, any lung diseases etc). Chest X-ray, spirometric measurements of lung volumes, flow idices, diffusing capacities and 99mTc-DTPA aerosol scintigraphy were performed in the patient group and control group. 99mTc-DTPA aerosol (1110 MBq) was used with the aero-vent jet nebulizer as a lung delivery system. Patients in sitting position inhaled for 5 minutes at normal tidal oral breathing, Scintigraphic data were recorded using the Picker Prism 2000 gamma cammera, 15 frames of the lung were obtained as the area of interest anteriorly and posteriorly (120 msec at each frame, for 30 minutes). 99mTc-DTPA clearance rate was calculated as the time to half clearance (T1/2). RESULTS: The mean clearance rates of 99mTc-DTPA were 64.0+/-24.1 min (RA 70.7+/-26.2 min, SLE 61.6+/-14.0 min, Others 43.9+/-24.7 min), and 47.0+/-10.3 min in the patient group and the control group respectively. Significant correlation was not found between the pulmonary clearance rate of 99mTc-DTPA and other parameters (disease duration, ESR, CRP, DLCO and FEV1/FVC). CONCLUSION: 99mTc-DTPA clearance in the patient group (RA, SLE, others) was significantly decreased than that in control group (p<0.05). In the patient group with normal chest X-ray, 99mTc-DTPA clearance in the connective tissue disorders was significantly decreased than control group (p<0.05). We suggest that 99mTc-DTPA aerosol scintigraphy may be one of useful technique for early detection of the lung involvement in the connective tissue disorders.
Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Connective Tissue Diseases* ; Connective Tissue* ; Humans ; Lung Diseases ; Lung* ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic ; Membranes ; Nebulizers and Vaporizers ; Permeability* ; Radionuclide Imaging* ; Respiration ; Thorax

OBJECTIVE: The association between the connective tissue diseases and lung diseases is well established. DLCO and 99mTc-DTPA aerosol scintigraphy are used for evaluation of the alvelolar-capillary permeability. This study evaluated the changes in permeability of alveolar-capillary membrane and the utility of the 99mTc-DTPA aerosol clearance to detect lung involvement in patients with connective tissue diseases. METHODS: The patient group consisted of the patients with any proven connective tissue diseases (27 rheumatoid arthritis, 17 systemic lupus erythematosus, 7 other connective tissue diseases) and the control group consisted of healthy 12 persons. The patients and controls were non-smokers and had no concomitant diseases that could affect the result (diabetes, any lung diseases etc). Chest X-ray, spirometric measurements of lung volumes, flow idices, diffusing capacities and 99mTc-DTPA aerosol scintigraphy were performed in the patient group and control group. 99mTc-DTPA aerosol (1110 MBq) was used with the aero-vent jet nebulizer as a lung delivery system. Patients in sitting position inhaled for 5 minutes at normal tidal oral breathing, Scintigraphic data were recorded using the Picker Prism 2000 gamma cammera, 15 frames of the lung were obtained as the area of interest anteriorly and posteriorly (120 msec at each frame, for 30 minutes). 99mTc-DTPA clearance rate was calculated as the time to half clearance (T1/2). RESULTS: The mean clearance rates of 99mTc-DTPA were 64.0+/-24.1 min (RA 70.7+/-26.2 min, SLE 61.6+/-14.0 min, Others 43.9+/-24.7 min), and 47.0+/-10.3 min in the patient group and the control group respectively. Significant correlation was not found between the pulmonary clearance rate of 99mTc-DTPA and other parameters (disease duration, ESR, CRP, DLCO and FEV1/FVC). CONCLUSION: 99mTc-DTPA clearance in the patient group (RA, SLE, others) was significantly decreased than that in control group (p<0.05). In the patient group with normal chest X-ray, 99mTc-DTPA clearance in the connective tissue disorders was significantly decreased than control group (p<0.05). We suggest that 99mTc-DTPA aerosol scintigraphy may be one of useful technique for early detection of the lung involvement in the connective tissue disorders.
Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Connective Tissue Diseases* ; Connective Tissue* ; Humans ; Lung Diseases ; Lung* ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic ; Membranes ; Nebulizers and Vaporizers ; Permeability* ; Radionuclide Imaging* ; Respiration ; Thorax

A paragonimiasis infestation is caused by the paragonimus species. Paragonimiasis mainly occurs by ingestion of raw or undercooked freshwater crabs or crayfish. In our country, the prevalence of paragonimiasis was high until late 1960s due to eating habits, but after the 1970s the prevalence of the disease has markedly decreased and now the disease is rarely seen. The diagnosis of tuberculosis by Chest X-ray is often confused with pulmonary carcinoma, bacillary and parasitic infections, and chronic mycosis. Pulmonary paragonimiasis must be considered in the differential diagnosis of lung cancer especially in the appropriate clinical setting because effective treatment with praziquantel can be rewarding. We report a case of a 58-year-old woman with pulmonary paragonimiasis that was suspicious for lung cancer, as detected by biopsy.
Astacoidea ; Biopsy ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Eating ; Female ; Fresh Water ; Humans ; Lung ; Lung Neoplasms ; Middle Aged ; Paragonimiasis ; Paragonimus ; Praziquantel ; Prevalence ; Reward ; Thorax ; Tuberculosis