BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Although thalamic stroke is the most frequent cause of pure sensory stroke, non-thalamic strokes have been also occasionally reported to produce pure sensory stroke(PSS). We attempt to characterize the clinical and radiological features of 11 patients with PSS due to brainstem stroke. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: There were eight men and three women and their age ranged from 50 to 71 years. Their risk factors included hypertension in 10, diabetes mellitus in 2, hyperlipidemia in 3, alcohol drinking in 3 and cigarette smoking in 2. All underwent brain computed tomography(n=11) and/or magnetic resonance imaging(n=8). RESULTS: Five patients presented with pure lemniscal sensory deficits(position and vibration sensation); two presented with abnormalities in all sensory modalities but dominantly involving lemniscal sensation; remaining 4 presented with numbness only. Four patients had cheiro-oral syndrome with bilateral perioral involvement. Imaging studies showed that 6 patients had a small infarct in the paramedian pontine tegmentum, which was thought to be caused by small vessel(lacunar) inclusion. One patient had a small infarct in the lateral part of the midbrain which was probably caused by artery-to-artery embolism originated from mid-basilar stenosis. In addition, four patients had small hypertensive hemorrhage affecting the pontine tegmentum. CONCLUSION: Our result confirms that PSS can be caused by small brainstem stroke of various etiopathology, frequently involving the paramedian pontine tegmentum PSS due to braimtem stroke may be characterized by predom inant lemniscal sensory involvement and occasional bilateral perioral symptoms.
Alcohol Drinking ; Brain ; Brain Stem Infarctions ; Brain Stem* ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Embolism ; Female ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias ; Hypertension ; Hypesthesia ; Male ; Mesencephalon ; Risk Factors ; Sensation ; Smoking ; Stroke* ; Vibration

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of a ptosis correction operation on eyebrow position of senile upper lid ptosis patients. Methods: A retrospective study of 140 eyes of 70 patients who had a ptosis correction operation between June 2011 and July 2018 was conducted. Marginal reflex distance 1 and brow height were measured preoperatively and at 1 month and 3 months postoperatively. Patients were divided into two groups, according to whether brow height asymmetry was symmetrized (≤1 mm) or not after the operation. Results: The average brow height decreased after the operation (19.3-18.3 mm, p = 0.00), as did the brow height symmetricity (2.7-2.3 mm, p = 0.01). The symmetric group were older and had a higher female ratio than the asymmetric group, as well as a smaller preoperative brow symmetricity. Conclusions Brow height and brow asymmetry were reduced by ptosis correction of senile upper lid ptosis patients. The symmetrization rate was higher in patients who were older, female, and who had smaller preoperative brow symmetricity.

Purpose: We sought to investigate the temporal changes of eyelid height after phenylephrine instillation in Korean patients with and without ptosis to determine the time points of the first and maximum reactions. Methods: The phenylephrine test was performed on 16 eyes of 12 ptotic patients (group I) and 24 eyes of 12 normal control subjects (group II) in our hospital between September 2017 and March 2018. One drop of 2.5% phenylephrine was instilled and the marginal reflex distance 1 (MRD1) was measured at 15 seconds before instillation and the following time points after instillation: at 15-second intervals for the initial 5 minutes and at 5-minute intervals until a total of 20 minutes was reached (i.e., at 10, 15, and 20 minutes). Results: In group I patients, the first reaction appeared at 5 minutes (p = 0.034), while the maximum eyelid height after the first reaction was reached at 15 minutes (p = 0.025) and was maintained until 20 minutes. In group II subjects, the first reaction appeared at 5 minutes (p = 0.034), while the maximum eyelid height was reached at 10 minutes (p = 0.015) and was maintained until 20 minutes. There was no significant difference in the response of eyelid height based on time (p = 0.122) between the two groups. Conclusions Our analysis of phenylephrine test results in Korean ptotic patients revealed a significant increase occurred in the eyelid height after 5 minutes; meanwhile, the maximum eyelid height was reached at 15 minutes and was maintained until 20 minutes after instillation.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of lacrimal endoscopy on operation time in silicone tube intubation for patients with nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Methods: We conducted retrograde chart review of 168 eyes of 107 patients who were diagnosed with acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction and underwent silicone tube intubation from January 2019 to February 2023. We analyzed relationship between use of lacrimal endoscopy and operation time, and effect of operation time on success rate of surgery according to use of lacrimal endoscopy. Results: Of 168 eyes, 58 eyes underwent silicone tube intubation with lacrimal endoscopy, and 110 eyes underwent silicone tube intubation without lacrimal endoscopy. Average operation time was 10.98 ± 2.24 minutes in the group with lacrimal endoscopy, and 12.44 ± 4.08 minutes in the group without lacrimal endoscopy. Operation time in the group with lacrimal endoscopy was relatively shorter and statistically significant (p = 0.003). When analyzing correlation between operation time and success rate, success rate decreased by 0.877 times when operation time increased by 1 minute in the entire group, and there was statistical significance (p = 0.022). There was no statistical significance in the correlation between operation time and success rate in the group with lacrimal endoscopy. And in the group without lacrimal endoscopy, success rate decreased by 0.865 times when operation time increased by 1 minute, and there was statistical significance (p = 0.019). Conclusions In silicone tube intubation for nasolacrimal duct obstruction, Lacrimal endoscopy is considered an effective treatment that can shorten operation time and prevent complications while accurately diagnosing cause and extent of obstruction by investigating the inside of the nasolacrimal duct.

PURPOSE: The total number of times a paper is cited, also known as the impact factor (IF) of a medical journal, is widely implied in evaluating the quality of a research paper. We evaluated the citation index data as an IF of Korean J Pediatr in Korean Medical Citation Index (KoMCI) and JCI of Web of Science. METHODS: We calculated the IF of Korean J Pediatr at KoMCI supervised by Korean Association of Medical Journal Editors. And we estimated the IF of Korean J Pediatr by the JCI of Web of Science although it was never officially reported. RESULTS: The IF of Korean J Pediatr on KoMCI has increased from 0.100 in the year 2000, to 0.205 in 2008, and 0.326 in 2009. Although the IF of Korean J Pediatr was 0.006 in 2005, 0.018 in 2006, 0.028 in 2008, 0.066 in 2009, and 0.018 in 2010 according to the JCI of Web of Science, the number of citations are steadily increasing. CONCLUSION: Understanding and realizing the current status will be a stepping stone for further improvement. The next objective of the Korean J Pediatr is to become registered in the SCI or SCIE. Increasing the IF according to the JCI of Web of Science is crucial in order to achieve this goal.
Pediatrics

The objective of this study was to realize research demands by gathering the research agenda from the Korean Dental Hygienists Association and affiliated groups through a Delphi survey. The study subjects were the heads of eight groups. The Delphi survey was conducted by e-mail after a researcher explained the objective of the study to the heads. The research agenda was classified according to the Korean dental hygiene academic classification and the National Dental Hygiene Research Agenda classification. To compare the number of research agendas according to classification among the groups, we conducted a chi-squared test by using IBM SPSS 20.0. In total, 316 agendas were submitted. According to the Korean dental hygiene academic classification, there was a significant difference among the groups, and the agendas associated with clinical dental hygiene (36.7%) were the best. According to the National Dental Hygiene Research Agenda classification, there was no significant difference and the agendas associated with health promotion and disease prevention (27.8%) were the best. In conclusion, the Korean Dental Hygienists Association and affiliated groups demanded similar research agendas, corresponding to the purpose of each establishment. However, the groups did not seem to show unique characteristics according to the purpose of each establishment. In other words, the groups should corroborate such characteristics and suggest a corresponding agenda to establish specific areas of research in dental hygiene. Also, dental hygiene researchers should mark the academic classification of the studies they want to submit.
Classification ; Dental Hygienists* ; Electronic Mail ; Head ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Oral Hygiene*

Purpose: Eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN) is not the only a marker for eosinophil activation, but also acts as an alarm protein.Very few studies have examined the potential role of eosinophils in the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). This study aims to address the roles of eosinophil and EDN in the early phase of BPD development. Methods: Patients were preterm neonates with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) born at 36 weeks of gestation or less. Blood and urine samples were collected to measure total eosinophil count in the blood, serum eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), serum EDN, and urinary EDN during the first week of life. Results: Fifty-two preterms were recruited, of whom 43 infants were analyzed. Comparisons were made between the RDS (n = 16) and non-RDS groups (n = 27) and between the BPD (n = 6) and non-BPD groups (n = 26). There were no differences between RDS and non-RDS group in total eosinophil count, serum ECP, serum EDN, or urinary EDN, except when compared by gestational age, birth weight and prenatal dexamethasone use. Urinary EDN was increased significantly in the BPD group compared to the non-BPD group. Conclusion We demonstrated the roles of eosinophil and EDN in the development of BPD and suggest that urinary EDN may be utilized as a noninvasive factor predicting the development of BPD.

BACKGROUND: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is associated with cardiac arrhythmia due to autonomic dysfunction. The aim of this study was to elucidate the effect of OSAS on the QT interval and the efficacy of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment on a prolonged QT interval. METHODS: From March 2007 to January 2008, 13 patients diagnosed as OSAS received CPAP treatment. Ten age- and sex-matched healthy controls were enrolled, and nighttime polysomnography was performed. We analyzed the full-night electrocardiogram.which is one of the elements of nighttime polysomnography.in all patients and controls. RESULTS: In the patient group, the QTc interval was 0.380+/-0.45 ms (mean+/-SD) before CPAP treatment and 0.368+/-0.32 ms during CPAP treatment. In the control group, the QTc interval was 0.348+/-0.26 ms. The QTc interval did not differ between OSAS patients and controls (p=0.143), but it did significantly shorten between before and after CPAP treatment (p=0.047). CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that CPAP treatment can improve QTc prolongation and thereby prevent future ventricular arrhythmia.
Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Continuous Positive Airway Pressure ; Humans ; Polysomnography ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive

Dentatorubro-pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder with various clinical phenotypes and has a cytosine-adenine-guanine (CAG) trinucleotide repeat in a gene on chromosome 12. It has been known that trinucleotide repeat disorders show strong inverse correlations between the CAG repeat number and the age of onset and genetic anticipation. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether these observations are applicable to Korean patients. This report involved three Korean families and had on file the history of the 15 affected family mem-bers .Seven of the affected members had the diagnosis of DRPLA which was confirmed by a gene study. We observed inverse correlations between the CAG repeat number and the age of onset and genetic anticipation with high intra- and interfamilial variations. Although our study was in general agreement with previously documented features of DRPLA, some features could not be explained by currently understood pathophysiologic mechanisms.
Age of Onset ; Anticipation, Genetic ; Atrophy* ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12 ; Diagnosis ; Genes, vif ; Humans ; Molecular Biology* ; Neurodegenerative Diseases ; Phenotype ; Trinucleotide Repeats

Dentatorubropallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder usually inherited with autosomal dominant pattern, which has been mostly described in reports from Japan. Recently, DRPLA proved to be associated with an expanded CAG nucleotide report in a gene on chromosome 12p. We report the first Korean family with this mutation, which was confirmed by genetic analysis. Case History : A 34 year-old man present ad with a 5 year history of clumsiness, seizures, and gait ataxia. He had dysarthria, clumsiness of hands, gait ataxia and intermittent choreic movements in both arms. There was mild cognitive impairment. EEG showed intermittent generalized slowing, and brain MRI revealed diffuse cerebral and cerebellar atrophy with enlarged 4th ventricle. There were three other affected family members; his 37-year old sister presented with choreiform movements developed at the age of 31. His father and uncle were reported to have been ataxic during the late period of their life, who died at age of 65 and 40 respectively. DNA studies of the prebend and his sister confirmed CAG repeat expansiom in the DRPLA gene, the size of which was 64 and 66, respectively. CONCLUSION: This is the first Korean family with DRPLA, and it should be considered in any patients with inherited neurodegenerative disorder with the above-mentioned clinical features
Adult ; Arm ; Atrophy* ; Brain ; Chorea ; DNA ; Dysarthria ; Electroencephalography ; Fathers ; Gait Ataxia ; Genes, vif ; Hand ; Humans ; Japan ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Mild Cognitive Impairment ; Neurodegenerative Diseases ; Seizures ; Siblings