BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Although thalamic stroke is the most frequent cause of pure sensory stroke, non-thalamic strokes have been also occasionally reported to produce pure sensory stroke(PSS). We attempt to characterize the clinical and radiological features of 11 patients with PSS due to brainstem stroke. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: There were eight men and three women and their age ranged from 50 to 71 years. Their risk factors included hypertension in 10, diabetes mellitus in 2, hyperlipidemia in 3, alcohol drinking in 3 and cigarette smoking in 2. All underwent brain computed tomography(n=11) and/or magnetic resonance imaging(n=8). RESULTS: Five patients presented with pure lemniscal sensory deficits(position and vibration sensation); two presented with abnormalities in all sensory modalities but dominantly involving lemniscal sensation; remaining 4 presented with numbness only. Four patients had cheiro-oral syndrome with bilateral perioral involvement. Imaging studies showed that 6 patients had a small infarct in the paramedian pontine tegmentum, which was thought to be caused by small vessel(lacunar) inclusion. One patient had a small infarct in the lateral part of the midbrain which was probably caused by artery-to-artery embolism originated from mid-basilar stenosis. In addition, four patients had small hypertensive hemorrhage affecting the pontine tegmentum. CONCLUSION: Our result confirms that PSS can be caused by small brainstem stroke of various etiopathology, frequently involving the paramedian pontine tegmentum PSS due to braimtem stroke may be characterized by predom inant lemniscal sensory involvement and occasional bilateral perioral symptoms.
Alcohol Drinking ; Brain ; Brain Stem Infarctions ; Brain Stem* ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Embolism ; Female ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias ; Hypertension ; Hypesthesia ; Male ; Mesencephalon ; Risk Factors ; Sensation ; Smoking ; Stroke* ; Vibration

OBJECTIVE: The involvement of IGF system in hyperandrogenism and abnormal follicular development is controversial. This study is to assess whether IGF system contribute to it in the women with polycystic ovary(PCO). METHODS: Baseline serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol (E2), testosterone (T), androstenedione (ADD), prolactin, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free insulin-like growth factor(IGF)-I, free IGF-II, insulin-like growth factor binding protein(IGFBP)-1, and IGFBP-3 were measured in twelve healthy regularly cycling volunteers and forty-two women with PCO then, the changes of baseline serum levels were evaluated after laparoscopic ovarian electrocauterization in nine PCO patients. In addition, the expression pattern of IGF-I and IGF-II was examined in the ovary of control and PCO group. RESULTS: Baseline levels of LH, ADD, free IGF-II, and IGFBP-3 were significantly higher in PCO group. However, there were no significant differences in the levels of free IGF-I and IGFBP-1, although free IGF-I showed decreasing tendency in PCO group. And there was a significant positive correlation between the LH and free IGF-II level in the PCO(P=0.011, r2=0.3899), but not in the control. After ovarian electrocauterization, LH, T, and ADD levels decreased, and free IGF-I and IGFBP-3 level increased. While free IGF-II and IGFBP-1 level showed no significant changes. In the ovary, expression of both IGFs showed similar pattern in normal and PCO ovaries. CONCLUSIONS: The elevated IGFBP-3 level may alter the bioavailability of IGF(s) in the PCO. The change in IGF-I level and resumption of ovulation after electrocauterization, suggest a possible role of IGF system in the impairment of follicular development in the PCO.
Androstenedione ; Biological Availability ; Carrier Proteins* ; Estradiol ; Female ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone ; Humans ; Hyperandrogenism ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 1 ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor II ; Luteinizing Hormone ; Ovary* ; Ovulation ; Prolactin ; Somatomedins* ; Testosterone ; Thyrotropin ; Volunteers

We experienced a case of adenocarcinoma arising in sacrococcygeal teratoma. The patient was a 52-year-old woman. She was admitted due to one month of sacral pain. She had a sacral mass since birth. On physical examination, anal fistula was present at the perianal area and pus drainage was noted. MR image showed multiple variable-sized cysts with inhomogeneous density. Resected specimen, mesuring 12.5 7.0 cm in diameter, showed multiple variable-sized cystic lesions admixed with grayish solid portion. The cysts contained mucoid material. The microscopic examination showed mature teratoma composed of cysts lined by pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium, intestinal mucosa, mature cartilage, bone, and fat tissue. A moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma developed from the cystic area in the mass.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Adult ; Cartilage ; Drainage ; Female ; Humans ; Intestinal Mucosa ; Middle Aged ; Mucous Membrane ; Parturition ; Physical Examination ; Rectal Fistula ; Suppuration ; Teratoma*

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Follow-Up Studies* ; Korea* ; Rural Population*

BACKGROUNDS: Various methods have been devised for choosing the correct internal diameter (ID) of endotracheal tubes and the proper lengths for oral endotracheal tubes at different ages in children. This study was performed to evaluate the appropriate sizes of uncuffed endotracheal tubes and distance from upper incisor to carina in Korean children under 8 years old. METHODS: Five hundred thirty five children under 8 years in ASA class 1 and 2 were evaluated for the study by age groups: 0~3 months, 4~11 months and every each year until 8 years. Appropriate sizes were to permit a gas leak at 15~25 cmH2O with positive pressure ventilation. Distances from incisor to carina were at the point which bilateral lung sounds were noticed during slow extubation from endobroncheal intubation. RESULTS: Appropriate tube sizes were 3.0 mm to 3.5 mm for infants under 3 months, 3.5 mm to 4.0 mm for 4 to 11 months and ""4.15+0.28xage (yr) (mm)"" (R2=0.77, p<0.05) for children between 1 and 8 years old. Distances from upper incisor to carina were 12.0 cm for infants under 3 months, 13.7 cm for 4 to 11 months and ""14.5+0.6xage (yr) (cm)"" (R2=0.62, p<0.05) for children between 1 and 8 years old. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the endotracheal tube ID for the Korean children are a little greater than those of previous reports in foreign countries and airway lengths for the Korean children are similar to those of foreigners.
Child* ; Emigrants and Immigrants ; Humans ; Incisor* ; Infant ; Intubation ; Positive-Pressure Respiration ; Respiratory Sounds

No abstract available.
Germ Cells* ; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal* ; Prognosis*

Antimetabolites, 5-fluorouracil(5-FU) and mitomycin-C(MMC), are used to promote the success rate of the glaucoma filtration surgery(GFS). The authors observed and compared the duration of bleb formation and complications by slit-lamp biomicroscopy, and the inhibition of fibroblast proliferation and of fibrosis by light microscopy following GFS in 4 group rabbits. One hundred and twenty rabbits comprised in this study were divided into four groups; the first control group(I) was the balanced salt solution soaked group(BSS) during GFS, the second(II) was the 5-FU subconjunctival injected group(5-FU SC) after GFS, the third(III) was the 5-FU soaked group(5-FU) during GFS, and the fourth(IV) was the MMC soaked group(MMC) during GFS. For the maintenance of bleb formation, MMC, 5-FU SC, 5-FU and BSS group showed 0%, 26.7%, 16.7%, 100% at the 1 month after GFS, and 0%, 0%, 0%, 73.3% at the 2 months after GFS, respectively, which suggested that MMC group lasted longest. The inhibition of fibrosis and fibroblast proliferation became higher in the order of MMC, 5-FU, 5-FU SC, BSS group at 2 weeks after the surgery. At 3 months after GFS, there was no conspicuous statistic difference(P>0.05) between 5-FU SC and 5-FU group, but some differences(P<0.001) in the rest groups. From these results, we concluded that antimetabolites such as 5-FU and MMC could be used effectively in cases of poor prognosis of GFS. However, the dosage and application method of antimetabolites should be considered very carefully and further research will be necessary to find out the optimal dosage with minimum toxicity.
Antimetabolites ; Blister ; Fibroblasts ; Fibrosis ; Filtering Surgery* ; Filtration* ; Fluorouracil* ; Glaucoma* ; Microscopy ; Mitomycin* ; Prognosis ; Rabbits*

PURPOSE: Exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) is a reliable marker of eosinophilic airway inflammation in asthma. But few studies have measured endogenous nitric oxide exhaled from the respiratory system of newborns. The aim of this study was to measure the eNO of healthy newborns and attempted to provide reference ranges for healthy newborn infants. METHODS: The newborns included in this study were born from May through July, 2005 in Kyung Hee medical center. eNO was measured in healthy 41 newborns with online tidal breathing method using a chemiluminescence analyzer (CLD 88 sp, Eco Medics, Duernten, Switzerland). We divided the newborns into two groups, according to gestational age, sex and type of delivery. The comparisons between two groups were performed and a correation between eNO and birth weight was analyzed. RESULTS: The range for eNO in healthy newborns was 2.0-20.5 ppb. The mean value was 10.0 ppb and the upper limit (mean+2SD) of normal was 19.8 ppb. There was no significant difference in eNO concentration with regard to gestational age or gender. eNO measurements were not correlated with delivery type or birth weight. CONCLUSION: eNO measurement is safe, non-invasive method in newborns. The reference value of eNO in newborn was achieved and there was no evidence of eNO related to gestation age, gender, delivery type and birth weight. Although eNO analysis is currently a research tool in newborn infants, it can provide new values on the airway.
Asthma ; Birth Weight ; Eosinophils ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Inflammation ; Luminescence ; Nitric Oxide* ; Pregnancy ; Reference Values ; Respiration ; Respiratory System

Background: Cutaneous metastasis (CM) is the spread of cancer cells from a primary site to the skin and is rarely the first sign of silent cancer. We investigated the clinicopathological characteristics of CM from internal malignancies in Korean patients treated at our institution over 20 years. Methods: The clinicopathological findings of 112 patients (62 females, 50 males) with CM diagnosed at Yeungnam University Hospital between 2000 and 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Results: Mean patient age was 58.6 years (range, 26 to 87 years), and the most common primary cancer site was breast (74.2%) in women and lung (36.0%) in men. Ninety-six patients (85.7%) presented with CM after primary tumor diagnosis. CM from the lung or biliary tract usually occurred within 2 years of primary tumor diagnosis, whereas metastases from the breast and kidney occurred several years later. The chest, abdomen, and scalp were common sites of CM. Breast cancer usually metastasized to chest skin, while gastrointestinal tract cancers commonly metastasized to the abdomen. The scalp was a common location for CM from various tumors. The most common dermatologic presentations were nodules and masses. Immunohistochemical studies helped identify underlying malignancies when primary tumors were unknown. Conclusions The relative frequency of CM parallels the overall incidence of primary malignant tumors, and CMs usually occur at anatomic sites close to the primary tumor. CM can be diagnosed based on clinical, radiological, and histological features; however, immunohistochemical study is required in some cases.