Due to an author error the National Research Foundation of Korea Grant Number was incorrectly listed in the original online publication of this article.

PURPOSE: In this study changes were observed in body temperature, heart rate and arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) of newborns after bathing and to determine the effects of covering their heads with cotton hats after bathing. METHODS: Participants were 58 newborn infants, 31 in the experimental group had their heads covered with cotton hats after their bath while 27 in the control group did not. Body temperature, arterial oxygen saturation and heart rate were measured at 8 consecutive times after bathing. Data were analyzed using t-test and repeated measures ANOVA. RESULTS: Body temperature declined shortly after bathing. The experimental group showed faster recovery (p<.001). Heart rate increased after bathing in both groups. Heart rate in the experimental group decreased for 120 minutes and gradually increased to baseline (p<.001). In the control group, heart rate decreased for 180 minutes and then increased but did not reach the baseline (p<.001). Arterial oxygen saturation decreased shortly after bathing and recovery to the baseline was more rapid in the experimental group (30 minutes vs. 60 minutes) (p<.001). CONCLUSION: With significant changes observed in newborns' body temperature, arterial oxygen saturation and heart rate, covering the head right after bathing is effective in stabilizing infants' physiological system.
Baths ; Body Temperature ; Head ; Heart ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Oxygen ; Child Health

No abstract available.

Chitosan, which is a biopolymer, composed of glucosamine units linked by beta-1, 4 glycoside bonds, is rich in shells of crustacean such as crabs and shrimps. Consumption of chitosan has been rapidly increased as a functional food. We examined effects of chitosan on the damages caused by lead (Pb) exposure in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 8 groups (n = 64), then fed diets containing 3% cellulose (control) or 3% chitosan, each with 4 different lead doses (0 mg/d, 20 mg/d, 50 mg/d, and 100 mg/d) for 4 wks. Lead doses were given 3 times per week by oral administration. Blood lead levels in rats increased depending on the administered doses of lead. Rats fed chitosan diets showed lower blood lead concentration than did their respective controls. Effect of chitosan on the blood lead was more beneficial in rats exposed to lower lead (20 mg/d) than in rats exposed to higher lead (50 mg/d and 100 mg/d). Histological changes in erythrocytes and liver were also examined. Chitosan tended to reduce numbers of basophilic stippling erythrocytes and improve the histological liver changes in rats given various lead doses. The preventive effects of chitosan on liver damages were stronger in rats with higher lead than those with lower lead. These results indicate that chitosan has beneficial effects on both blood toxicological responses and histological damages of erythrocytes and liver induced by the administration of various lead doses.
Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Basophils ; Biopolymers ; Cellulose ; Chitosan* ; Diet ; Erythrocytes ; Functional Food ; Glucosamine ; Humans ; Liver ; Male ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the factors influencing nurses’ caring behavior. Methods: The descriptive study included 178 intensive care unit (ICU) nurses who completed a self-report structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson’s correlation and multiple regression analysis using the IBM SPSS/WIN 23.0 program. Results: Significant correlation existed between perception of Patient- and Family-Centered Care (PFCC) and nurses’ caring behaviors (r = .36, p < .001). Multiple regression analysis showed that perception of support (β = .36, p < .001), total career length (β = .33, p < .001), and familiarity with PFCC (β = .15, p = .018) affected the caring behavior of ICU nurses. These variables explained 30.0% of the variance in caring behavior. Conclusion Effective strategies are needed to improve perceptions of support as well as to promote PFCC for increasig the frequency of caring behavior among ICU nurses.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the factors influencing nurses’ caring behavior. Methods: The descriptive study included 178 intensive care unit (ICU) nurses who completed a self-report structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson’s correlation and multiple regression analysis using the IBM SPSS/WIN 23.0 program. Results: Significant correlation existed between perception of Patient- and Family-Centered Care (PFCC) and nurses’ caring behaviors (r = .36, p < .001). Multiple regression analysis showed that perception of support (β = .36, p < .001), total career length (β = .33, p < .001), and familiarity with PFCC (β = .15, p = .018) affected the caring behavior of ICU nurses. These variables explained 30.0% of the variance in caring behavior. Conclusion Effective strategies are needed to improve perceptions of support as well as to promote PFCC for increasig the frequency of caring behavior among ICU nurses.

Although some comorbidities, such as diabetes mellitus, lung disease, and chronic kidney disease, are known as risk factors for poor clinical outcome in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), it is unknown if human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients with COVID-19 would have poor prognosis than others. Rare cases of HIV patients with COVID-19 have been reported. As of May 25th, 2020, over 11,000 patients have been diagnosed with COVID-19 and over 13,000 are living with HIV in Korea. Here, we present the first HIV patient with COVID-19 in Korea. The 29-year-old Korean man had been taking Genvoya® regularly for seven years and HIV was well suppressed with CD4 counts of 555/mm 3 . He had mild symptoms of sore throat, dry cough, loss of taste and smell. He received hydroxychloroquine while Genvoya® was continued. Pneumonia diagnosed in chest computed tomography improved without oxygen supplementation. He was discharged on hospital day 31. HIV patients are considered as immunocompromised, but this case suggests that well controlled HIV patients have satisfactory prognosis following proper medical care.

No abstract available.
Candidiasis*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships of family strain, perceived social support, family hardiness, and family adaptation and identify the family resiliency factors for the adaptation of families who have a child with congenital heart disease. METHOD: The sample consisted of 90 families who had a child diagnosed with congenital heart disease and completed surgical treatment. Data was collected from parents using a questionnaire. RESULTS: Results from path analyses revealed that family strain had a direct effect on both perceived social support and family hardiness, and an indirect effect on family adaptation. Also, the findings revealed that perceived social support had a direct effect on both family hardiness and family adaptation, and family hardiness had a direct effect on family adaptation. Thus, these results indicated that perceived social support and family hardiness had a mediating effect on family strain. CONCLUSION: Findings provide the evidence for the theoretical and empirical significance of perceived social support and family hardiness as family resiliency factors for family adaptation. Clinical implications of these findings might be discussed in terms of family-centered nursing interventions for the families who have a child with congenital heart disease based on an understanding of family resiliency for adaptation.
*Adaptation, Psychological ; Child ; Family/*psychology ; Female ; Heart Defects, Congenital/*psychology/surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Questionnaires ; Social Support

The purpose of this study was to confirm the efficient umbilical cord care of healthy newborns in nursery. In order to determine the efficient care, the time of umbilical cord separation and the skin condition of periumbilical area were evaluated. The data were collected in sample of 529 normal, healthy newborns of C hospital in Seoul, from September 1st, 1999 to January 16th, 2000. The babies were randomly selected and allocated into four groups-alcohol swab/tub bath, alcohol swab/partial bath, natural dry/tub bath, natural dry/partial bath- by the methods of care. The mothers of babies were also surveyed by questionnaire about general characteristics. The data were analyzed by SAS program. The results of this study were as follows : 1. The average gestation period of newborns was 39 + 3 weeks. The average birth weight was 3.27Kg. In gender of babies, boys were 51.7% and girls were 48.3%. The 65% of newborns were born normal vaginal delivery, 35% were C-section. The feeding methods were 55.3% of the babies fed by mixed type, 22.9% by breast, and 21.8% by bottle. There was no significance among four groups by general characteristics. 2. The average time of umbilical cord separation was 8.27 days(SD=2.3). The time was no difference significantly among four groups(F=1.68, P=0.17). 3.The prevalence of the umbilical care complication did not show differences among four groups( 2=3.93, P=0.27). In conclusion, Nurses have preferred the traditional alcohol swab/partial bath method in care of newborns. But there was no difference among the ways to take care of umbilicus according to this study. The way to naturally is more efficient due to reduce the time and expense in umbilical care for normal babies of nursery. This also matched the change in approach to healthy population from intervention to nonintervention way. This could be suggested in education for normal and healthy babies care at home and nursery as a useful way. Endly, the further study about bacterial colony and infection rate at umbilicus by ways of care is needed.
Baths ; Birth Weight ; Breast ; Education ; Feeding Methods ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Mothers ; Nurseries ; Pregnancy ; Prevalence ; Seoul ; Skin* ; Umbilical Cord* ; Umbilicus ; Child Health ; Surveys and Questionnaires